{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384499124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ejbrm.21.1.2933","title":"Q-Sort: A Blended Methodology Applied to a Personality Inventory","display_name":"Q-Sort: A Blended Methodology Applied to a Personality Inventory","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384499124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ejbrm.21.1.2933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.34190/ejbrm.21.1.2933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ejbrm.21.1.2933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ejbrm.21.1.2933","pdf_url":"https://academic-publishing.org/index.php/ejbrm/article/download/2933/2142","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192427","display_name":"The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods","issn_l":"1477-7029","issn":["1477-7029"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320329","host_organization_name":"Academic Conferences and Publishing International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320329"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Conferences and Publishing International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://academic-publishing.org/index.php/ejbrm/article/download/2933/2142","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032846022","display_name":"Rosa Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6548-418X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6548-418X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133160195","display_name":"Instituto Superior de Gest\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/05mnej980","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133160195"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosa Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior de Gest\u00e3o \u2013 Business & Economics School, Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6548-418X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior de Gest\u00e3o \u2013 Business & Economics School, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133160195"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101816659","display_name":"Paula Lopes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9377-0447","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9377-0447"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88596544","display_name":"Universidade Lus\u00f3fona","ror":"https://ror.org/05xxfer42","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88596544"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paula Lopes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lusofona University / CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New Technologies, Lisboa, PortugalLisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9377-0447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lusofona University / CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New Technologies, Lisboa, PortugalLisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88596544"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Miguel Varela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8388-1250","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8388-1250"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133160195","display_name":"Instituto Superior de Gest\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/05mnej980","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133160195"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Varela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior de Gest\u00e3o \u2013 Business & Economics School, Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8388-1250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior de Gest\u00e3o \u2013 Business & Economics School, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133160195"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2636,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6976993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"31","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13587","display_name":"Q Methodology Applications","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13587","display_name":"Q Methodology Applications","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.04780000075697899,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-sort","display_name":"Q-sort","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-tests","display_name":"personality tests","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-desirability-bias","display_name":"social desirability bias","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-traits","display_name":"personality traits","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-students","display_name":"business students","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometric-properties","display_name":"psychometric properties","score":0.6079999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.8320221900939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375683","display_name":"Normality","level":2,"score":0.7699661254882812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6772647500038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5176234841346741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5101013779640198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5095615386962891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4939184784889221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.42757388949394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.26803433895111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.34190/ejbrm.21.1.2933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ejbrm.21.1.2933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ejbrm.21.1.2933","pdf_url":"https://academic-publishing.org/index.php/ejbrm/article/download/2933/2142","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192427","display_name":"The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods","issn_l":"1477-7029","issn":["1477-7029"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320329","host_organization_name":"Academic Conferences and Publishing International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320329"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Conferences and Publishing International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.academic-publishing.org:article/2933","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://academic-publishing.org/index.php/ejbrm/article/view/2933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192427","display_name":"The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods","issn_l":"1477-7029","issn":["1477-7029"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320329","host_organization_name":"Academic Conferences and Publishing International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320329"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Conferences and Publishing International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1477-7029","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.34190/ejbrm.21.1.2933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ejbrm.21.1.2933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ejbrm.21.1.2933","pdf_url":"https://academic-publishing.org/index.php/ejbrm/article/download/2933/2142","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192427","display_name":"The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods","issn_l":"1477-7029","issn":["1477-7029"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320329","host_organization_name":"Academic Conferences and Publishing International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320329"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Conferences and Publishing International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384499124.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384499124.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560729591","https://openalex.org/W1938571837","https://openalex.org/W1988303818","https://openalex.org/W2028674112","https://openalex.org/W2029767076","https://openalex.org/W2132186017","https://openalex.org/W2137071805","https://openalex.org/W2139953723","https://openalex.org/W2141602638","https://openalex.org/W2153000129","https://openalex.org/W2265321830","https://openalex.org/W2323167258","https://openalex.org/W2772244988","https://openalex.org/W2794107165","https://openalex.org/W2800179217","https://openalex.org/W2873620582","https://openalex.org/W2889636237","https://openalex.org/W2889955473","https://openalex.org/W2896918891","https://openalex.org/W2909812407","https://openalex.org/W2911637179","https://openalex.org/W2940541138","https://openalex.org/W2941700616","https://openalex.org/W2967046427","https://openalex.org/W2982336275","https://openalex.org/W2983700996","https://openalex.org/W3022262585","https://openalex.org/W3023618475","https://openalex.org/W3046638638","https://openalex.org/W3083244961","https://openalex.org/W3095127910","https://openalex.org/W3097607278","https://openalex.org/W3105696054","https://openalex.org/W3107599535","https://openalex.org/W3134612633","https://openalex.org/W3134933950","https://openalex.org/W3165149443","https://openalex.org/W3173194390","https://openalex.org/W4210673997","https://openalex.org/W4226147079","https://openalex.org/W4287831390","https://openalex.org/W4321021442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389638874","https://openalex.org/W3022262585","https://openalex.org/W3009417649","https://openalex.org/W7095806080","https://openalex.org/W4241604488","https://openalex.org/W2729652890","https://openalex.org/W3167840229","https://openalex.org/W2552784784","https://openalex.org/W4301510935","https://openalex.org/W2184855014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,311,356],"instruments":[1],"that":[2,7,73,82,169,202,363],"are":[3,38,83,214],"constituted":[4],"by":[5,216,223,321],"inquiries":[6],"intend":[8,24],"to":[9,21,25,48,62,110,114,118,131,152,163,175,182,204,233,247,278,283,328,345,373,382],"investigate":[10],"the":[11,19,22,57,70,96,133,136,139,143,150,155,161,176,212,263,272,280,296,304,353,359,365,377,393],"opinions,":[12],"behaviors":[13],"and":[14,76,79,107,149,173,207,308,325,337,348],"attitudes,":[15],"instead":[16],"of":[17,94,101,220,251,271,306,340,352,358,379,387],"putting":[18],"person":[20],"test,":[23],"find":[26],"out":[27],"how":[28],"they":[29,375,395],"would":[30],"act":[31],"in":[32,50,86,154,255,258,303,318,385],"a":[33,46,51,99,104,119,218,248,284,315,323,334,346],"given":[34,105],"situation.":[35],"Although":[36],"there":[37,44],"no":[39],"right":[40],"or":[41,158,222,237,370],"wrong":[42],"answers,":[43],"is":[45,123,168,231,266],"tendency":[47,151],"respond":[49,153],"socially":[52],"acceptable":[53],"way,":[54,91],"even":[55],"if":[56],"answer":[58],"does":[59],"not":[60,84],"correspond":[61],"reality.":[63],"This":[64,127],"problem":[65],"can":[66],"be":[67],"overcome":[68],"through":[69,160],"Q-sort":[71,190,281,312],"methodology":[72,128,191,282,313],"combines":[74],"quantitative":[75],"qualitative":[77],"data":[78,201,213,288],"analytical":[80],"techniques":[81],"present":[85],"other":[87],"methods.":[88],"In":[89,269],"this":[90],"it":[92,170,180,230,274],"consists":[93],"presenting":[95],"participants":[97,130],"with":[98,146],"set":[100,219],"statements":[102],"on":[103,138,241,392],"topic":[106],"asking":[108],"them":[109,112],"classify":[111],"according":[113,117,381],"their":[115,383,388],"opinion,":[116],"predefined":[120],"distribution,":[121],"which":[122,178,244,265,301],"generally":[124],"approximately":[125],"normal.":[126],"forces":[129],"distribute":[132],"score":[134],"among":[135],"items":[137,221],"scale,":[140,177],"thus":[141],"avoiding":[142],"constraints":[144],"associated":[145],"social":[147],"desirability":[148],"same":[156],"way":[157],"always":[159],"midpoint":[162],"different":[164],"questions.":[165],"Another":[166],"advantage":[167],"provides":[171],"linearity":[172],"near-normality":[174],"makes":[179],"possible":[181],"compare":[183],"subjects":[184],"more":[185,335,349],"easily.":[186],"Nevertheless,":[187],"its":[188],"advantages,":[189],"also":[192,267],"has":[193],"negative":[194,252,369],"points":[195],"because":[196],"forced-choice":[197],"measures":[198],"produce":[199],"ipsative":[200],"lead":[203],"distorted":[205],"scales":[206],"problematic":[208],"psychometric":[209],"properties.":[210],"As":[211],"obtained":[215],"ordering":[217],"forcefully":[224],"choosing":[225],"one":[226],"item":[227],"over":[228],"another,":[229],"impossible":[232],"achieve":[234],"very":[235,238,371],"high":[236],"low":[239],"values":[240,253,367],"all":[242],"scales,":[243,264],"gives":[245],"rise":[246],"large":[249],"number":[250],"that,":[254],"turn,":[256],"result":[257],"an":[259],"average":[260],"correlation":[261],"between":[262],"negative.":[268],"view":[270],"above,":[273],"was":[275],"considered":[276],"relevant":[277],"apply":[279],"personality":[285,319,330,389],"inventory,":[286],"whose":[287],"were":[289],"collected":[290],"from":[291],"175":[292],"university":[293],"students":[294],"attending":[295],"Portuguese":[297],"higher":[298],"education":[299],"institution":[300],"specializes":[302],"area":[305],"economic":[307],"business":[309],"sciences.":[310],"plays":[314],"crucial":[316],"role":[317],"inventories":[320],"offering":[322],"subjective":[324],"personalized":[326],"approach":[327],"assessing":[329],"traits.":[331],"It":[332],"enables":[333],"thorough":[336],"contextual":[338],"analysis":[339],"individual":[341],"traits,":[342],"thereby":[343],"contributing":[344],"deeper":[347],"comprehensive":[350],"understanding":[351],"human":[354],"personality.":[355],"results":[357],"empirical":[360],"study":[361],"showed":[362],"despite":[364],"mean":[366],"being":[368],"close":[372],"zero,":[374],"allowed":[376],"grouping":[378],"respondents":[380],"similarities":[384],"terms":[386],"traits":[390],"depending":[391],"course":[394],"attend.":[396]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2023-07-18T00:00:00"}
