{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384498487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/m23-0670","title":"Modernizing the United States\u2019 Public Health Infrastructure: A Position Paper From the American College of Physicians","display_name":"Modernizing the United States\u2019 Public Health Infrastructure: A Position Paper From the American College of Physicians","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384498487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/m23-0670","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37459617"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7326/m23-0670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/m23-0670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7326/m23-0670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119722071","display_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-4819","issn":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316812","host_organization_name":"American College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045900400","display_name":"Ryan J. Crowley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1482-5631","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1482-5631"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40130261","display_name":"American College of Physicians","ror":"https://ror.org/03671qm90","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40130261"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Crowley","raw_affiliation_strings":["American College of Physicians, Washington, DC (R.C.)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American College of Physicians, Washington, DC (R.C.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40130261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057928728","display_name":"Suja M. Mathew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6031-2140","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6031-2140"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67339987","display_name":"Atlantic Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz99c72","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67339987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suja Mathew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey (S.M.)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey (S.M.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67339987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026311640","display_name":"David R. Hilden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4509-2108","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4509-2108"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Hilden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota (D.H.)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4509-2108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota (D.H.)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057928728","display_name":"Suja M. Mathew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6031-2140","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6031-2140"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67339987","display_name":"Atlantic Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz99c72","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67339987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suja Mathew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey (S.M.)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey (S.M.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67339987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026311640","display_name":"David R. Hilden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4509-2108","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4509-2108"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Hilden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota (D.H.)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota (D.H.)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026727952","display_name":"Micah W. Beachy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micah Beachy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112154681","display_name":"William A. Curry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Curry","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084491268","display_name":"Matthew F. Hollon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Hollon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109048340","display_name":"Cynthia Jumper","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia A. Jumper","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042837035","display_name":"Pranav Mellacheruvu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranav Mellacheruvu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042662299","display_name":"Marianne C. Parshley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3572-3669","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3572-3669"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marianne C. Parshley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024313082","display_name":"Ankita Sagar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4558-4500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4558-4500"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ankita Sagar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041874743","display_name":"Jamar Slocum","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamar Slocum","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael Tan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038783487","display_name":"Vanessa Van Doren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4165-6025","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4165-6025"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vanessa Van Doren","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042420416","display_name":"Elham A. Yousef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-6389","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-6389"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elham A. Yousef","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.561,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95201696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"176","issue":"8","first_page":"1089","last_page":"1091"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12041","display_name":"Public Health Policies and Education","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12041","display_name":"Public Health Policies and Education","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14186","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Practices","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12413","display_name":"Health and Medical Education","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-infrastructure","display_name":"public health infrastructure","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-financing","display_name":"public health funding","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-professionals","display_name":"public health workforce","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-misinformation","display_name":"health misinformation","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-policy-recommendations","display_name":"health policy recommendations","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-prevention","display_name":"disease prevention","score":0.4560000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.8332102298736572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6654372811317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185618831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851928","display_name":"Health promotion","level":3,"score":0.6164290308952332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47344431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812","display_name":"Health policy","level":3,"score":0.5771714448928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.5265622138977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193395930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3247219","display_name":"International health","level":4,"score":0.5230509042739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.49055594205856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133925201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188419","display_name":"Life expectancy","level":3,"score":0.4549446105957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.44045209884643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.43159985542297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.41307756304740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.39151114225387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3914504647254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.24131649732589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.22176778316497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.19637146592140198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.09120896458625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011634","descriptor_name":"Public Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7326/m23-0670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/m23-0670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7326/m23-0670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119722071","display_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-4819","issn":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316812","host_organization_name":"American College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37459617","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37459617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of internal medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8560000061988831}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517063812","https://openalex.org/W2118628020","https://openalex.org/W2600916415","https://openalex.org/W2751584147","https://openalex.org/W2796254510","https://openalex.org/W2799480983","https://openalex.org/W2802385597","https://openalex.org/W2915251330","https://openalex.org/W2916123229","https://openalex.org/W2924402804","https://openalex.org/W2967273612","https://openalex.org/W2997250858","https://openalex.org/W2997474044","https://openalex.org/W3003294360","https://openalex.org/W3003789574","https://openalex.org/W3025624902","https://openalex.org/W3028222904","https://openalex.org/W3043642338","https://openalex.org/W3092527055","https://openalex.org/W3118516682","https://openalex.org/W3127222350","https://openalex.org/W3147330154","https://openalex.org/W3157485606","https://openalex.org/W3168808780","https://openalex.org/W3173707298","https://openalex.org/W3209676631","https://openalex.org/W4205154391","https://openalex.org/W4206120526","https://openalex.org/W4210381441","https://openalex.org/W4220844144","https://openalex.org/W4221095483","https://openalex.org/W4245329323","https://openalex.org/W4280640025","https://openalex.org/W4283215264","https://openalex.org/W4283259445","https://openalex.org/W4285082401","https://openalex.org/W4292136693","https://openalex.org/W4302023715","https://openalex.org/W4304734127","https://openalex.org/W4304807883","https://openalex.org/W4306147302","https://openalex.org/W4306728660","https://openalex.org/W4310399224","https://openalex.org/W4310853722","https://openalex.org/W4315754072","https://openalex.org/W4323321888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406725180","https://openalex.org/W2765844516","https://openalex.org/W4394675854","https://openalex.org/W4324129122","https://openalex.org/W2030158928","https://openalex.org/W4384498732","https://openalex.org/W6997403070","https://openalex.org/W2084130271","https://openalex.org/W4366993705","https://openalex.org/W1967017065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"United":[1],"States'":[2],"public":[3,43,77,86,95,102,113,121],"health":[4,17,44,78,87,96,103,114,122],"sector":[5],"plays":[6],"a":[7,98],"crucial":[8],"role":[9],"in":[10,21],"preventing":[11,37],"illness":[12],"and":[13,36,38,47,90,100,110,117,123],"promoting":[14,32],"health.":[15],"Public":[16],"drove":[18],"massive":[19],"gains":[20],"life":[22],"expectancy":[23],"during":[24],"the":[25,50,62,75],"20th":[26],"century":[27],"by":[28],"supporting":[29],"vaccination":[30],"campaigns,":[31],"motor":[33],"vehicle":[34],"safety,":[35],"treating":[39],"tobacco":[40],"use.":[41],"However,":[42],"is":[45],"underfunded":[46],"underappreciated,":[48],"forcing":[49],"field":[51],"to":[52,106],"do":[53],"more":[54],"with":[55],"fewer":[56],"resources.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"position":[60],"paper,":[61],"American":[63],"College":[64],"of":[65,85,94],"Physicians":[66],"(ACP)":[67],"updates":[68],"its":[69],"2012":[70],"policy":[71],"recommendations":[72],"on":[73],"strengthening":[74],"nation's":[76],"infrastructure.":[79],"ACP":[80],"calls":[81],"for":[82],"effective":[83],"coordination":[84,119],"activities,":[88],"robust":[89],"stable":[91],"year-to-year":[92],"funding":[93],"services,":[97],"renewed":[99],"well-supported":[101],"workforce,":[104],"action":[105],"address":[107],"health-related":[108],"dis-":[109],"misinformation,":[111],"modernized":[112],"data":[115],"systems,":[116],"greater":[118],"between":[120],"medical":[124],"sectors.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2023-07-18T00:00:00"}