{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384448231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1344","title":"Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) of major drinking water sources at household level incorporating boiling treatment effect","display_name":"Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) of major drinking water sources at household level incorporating boiling treatment effect","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384448231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1344"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1344","pdf_url":"https://wjarr.com/sites/default/files/WJARR-2023-1344.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223820","display_name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","issn_l":"2581-9615","issn":["2581-9615"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4383735917","host_organization_name":"GSC Online Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4383735917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["GSC Online Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://wjarr.com/sites/default/files/WJARR-2023-1344.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065061661","display_name":"Damiana Ada Amatobi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1152-4593","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1152-4593"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600935","display_name":"Akanu Ibiam, Federal Polytechnic Unwana","ror":"https://ror.org/02b7f5969","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600935"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Damiana Ada Amatobi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering Technology , Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic , Unwana , Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering Technology , Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic , Unwana , Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092478118","display_name":"Gloria Ogechi Umezuruike","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600935","display_name":"Akanu Ibiam, Federal Polytechnic Unwana","ror":"https://ror.org/02b7f5969","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600935"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gloria Ogechi Umezuruike","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Science Laboratory Technology Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana , Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science Laboratory Technology Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana , Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065061661"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600935"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0786,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28355036,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"638","last_page":"649"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11331","display_name":"Fecal contamination and water quality","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11331","display_name":"Fecal contamination and water quality","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11957","display_name":"Food Safety and Hygiene","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-microbial-risk-assessment","display_name":"quantitative microbial risk assessment","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-safety","display_name":"drinking water safety","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-boiling","display_name":"water boiling","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salmonella","display_name":"Salmonella","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/giardia-duodenalis","display_name":"Giardia lamblia","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coliform-bacteria","display_name":"coliform bacteria","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/borehole-water","display_name":"borehole water","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spring-water","display_name":"spring water","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sachet-water","display_name":"sachet water","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogen-exposure","display_name":"pathogen exposure","score":0.6039999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6100252270698547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5975040197372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777271458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469628","display_name":"Giardia","level":2,"score":0.5960028767585754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991804310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061108","display_name":"Water source","level":2,"score":0.5462786555290222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781065037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150839","display_name":"Salmonella","level":3,"score":0.5280885100364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.4543924927711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.4237355887889862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.35732659697532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3470269441604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.20932507514953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.19930174946784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.16989099979400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11752760410308838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.10351702570915222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0991133451461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1344","pdf_url":"https://wjarr.com/sites/default/files/WJARR-2023-1344.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223820","display_name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","issn_l":"2581-9615","issn":["2581-9615"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4383735917","host_organization_name":"GSC Online Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4383735917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["GSC Online Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1344","pdf_url":"https://wjarr.com/sites/default/files/WJARR-2023-1344.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223820","display_name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","issn_l":"2581-9615","issn":["2581-9615"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4383735917","host_organization_name":"GSC Online Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4383735917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["GSC Online Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.965499997138977,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8560000061988831,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.4359000027179718,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325463","display_name":"Tertiary Education Trust Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/03p8jwd38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384448231.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384448231.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1173782","https://openalex.org/W1537671301","https://openalex.org/W1976433127","https://openalex.org/W2049593158","https://openalex.org/W2147954309","https://openalex.org/W2340664733","https://openalex.org/W2559081454","https://openalex.org/W2767294195","https://openalex.org/W2792314534","https://openalex.org/W2805201672","https://openalex.org/W2940743808","https://openalex.org/W2947004089","https://openalex.org/W3007580728","https://openalex.org/W3045856842","https://openalex.org/W3047811223","https://openalex.org/W3097256686","https://openalex.org/W3106859319","https://openalex.org/W3120890665","https://openalex.org/W3127469156","https://openalex.org/W3197802848","https://openalex.org/W4211092645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4211092645","https://openalex.org/W1971224020","https://openalex.org/W4205285577","https://openalex.org/W4390394654","https://openalex.org/W4401121667","https://openalex.org/W7171999335","https://openalex.org/W2049593158","https://openalex.org/W3017036717","https://openalex.org/W3160798173","https://openalex.org/W2770303349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,83],"conducted":[2],"a":[3,41],"quantitative":[4],"microbial":[5,138],"risk":[6,139,164,177],"assessment":[7,140],"(QMRA),":[8],"incorporating":[9],"the":[10,60,82,98,103,110,118,129,157,161,163,171,210,223],"effect":[11],"of":[12,14,19,51,64,81,100,145,165,178,212,225,230],"boiling":[13],"water,":[15],"on":[16,222],"major":[17],"sources":[18,174],"drinking":[20,36,105,172],"water":[21,37,44,53,91,106,126,132,158,173,186,193,200,213,217,232],"for":[22,62,78,143,184,191,198],"households":[23],"in":[24,59,124,156,233],"Afikpo":[25,234],"North":[26,235],"LGA,":[27],"Ebonyi":[28],"State,":[29],"Nigeria.":[30],"Water":[31],"samples":[32,56],"were":[33,57,76],"collected":[34],"from12":[35],"boreholes":[38],"(n":[39,85],"=36),":[40],"popular":[42,49],"spring":[43,192,216],"(n=":[45,54],"36)":[46],"and":[47,72,128,152,182,189,196,219,228],"four":[48],"brands":[50],"sachet":[52,199,231],"36).The":[55],"analysed":[58,77],"laboratory":[61],"colonies":[63],"microorganisms,":[65],"coliform":[66],"organisms,":[67],"E.":[68,146],"coli,":[69],"Salmonella":[70,149],"spp":[71,150],"Giardia":[73,153],"lamblia.":[74],"Data":[75],"specific":[79],"parameters":[80,88],"population":[84,113],"=1150).":[86],"The":[87,176,202],"include":[89],"daily":[90],"consumption":[92],"per":[93,95],"person":[94],"day":[96],"(L/person/day),":[97],"fraction":[99],"thepopulatonexposed":[101],"to":[102,208],"contaminated":[104],"source":[107],"under":[108],"consideration,":[109],"percentage":[111],"ofthe":[112],"vulnerableto":[114],"pathogenic":[115],"infection":[116],"among":[117],"exposed":[119],"population,the":[120],"pathogen":[121],"strike":[122],"rate":[123],"each":[125],"source,":[127,187,194,218],"probability":[130],"that":[131],"is":[133,167,204],"boiled":[134],"before":[135],"drinking.":[136],"Quantitative":[137],"was":[141],"performed":[142],"concentrations":[144],"coli":[147],"(CFU/L),":[148,151],"lamblia":[154],"(Cyst/L)":[155],"samples.":[159],"From":[160],"findings,":[162],"diarrhea":[166,179],"significantly":[168],"highin":[169],"all":[170],"examined.":[175],"ranged":[180],"between0.090":[181],"0.190":[183],"borehole":[185],"0.004":[188],"0.032":[190],"0.039":[195],"0.125":[197],"sources.":[201],"implication":[203],"an":[205],"urgent":[206],"need":[207],"regualte":[209],"operation":[211],"boreholes,":[214],"protect":[215],"enforce":[220],"standards":[221],"processes":[224],"production,":[226],"distribution":[227],"storage":[229],"LGA.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2023-07-16T00:00:00"}