{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384383333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-07-13-1060","title":"The battle of clean and dirty qubits in the era of partial error correction","display_name":"The battle of clean and dirty qubits in the era of partial error correction","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384383333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-07-13-1060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2023-07-13-1060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-07-13-1060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-07-13-1060","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2023-07-13-1060/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2023-07-13-1060/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007033719","display_name":"Daniel Bultrini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-4200","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-4200"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Bultrini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA","Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, INF 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, INF 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065087289","display_name":"Samson Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2344-0634","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2344-0634"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samson Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London, London, UK","Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016184408","display_name":"Piotr Czarnik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0477-1158","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0477-1158"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["PL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Czarnik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland","Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006918201","display_name":"Max Hunter Gordon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7684-5179","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7684-5179"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","display_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfc7t72","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112966","display_name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica Te\u00f3rica","ror":"https://ror.org/022r8mj40","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210112966","https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max Hunter Gordon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de F\u00edsica Te\u00f3rica, UAM/CSIC, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain","Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de F\u00edsica Te\u00f3rica, UAM/CSIC, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210112966","https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074921335","display_name":"Marco Cerezo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2757-3170","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2757-3170"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151696","display_name":"Quantum Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04q95ej23","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151696"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Cerezo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA","Quantum Science Center, Oak Ridge, TN 37931, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantum Science Center, Oak Ridge, TN 37931, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088973719","display_name":"Patrick J. Coles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9879-8425","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9879-8425"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151696","display_name":"Quantum Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04q95ej23","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151696"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick J. Coles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantum Science Center, Oak Ridge, TN 37931, USA","Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantum Science Center, Oak Ridge, TN 37931, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022166378","display_name":"\u0141ukasz Cincio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-4376","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-4376"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151696","display_name":"Quantum Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04q95ej23","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151696"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukasz Cincio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantum Science Center, Oak Ridge, TN 37931, USA","Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantum Science Center, Oak Ridge, TN 37931, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":0.751,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70765287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1060","last_page":"1060"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noisy-qubits","display_name":"noisy qubits","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barren-plateaus","display_name":"barren plateaus","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variational-quantum-algorithms","display_name":"variational quantum algorithms","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ising-model","display_name":"Ising model","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-qubits","display_name":"logical qubits","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-machine-learning","display_name":"quantum machine learning","score":0.4490000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.9068143367767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.6916356682777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130979935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568954","display_name":"Ansatz","level":2,"score":0.6897985935211182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.5097970366477966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130787639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645293","display_name":"Hamiltonian (control theory)","level":2,"score":0.503757655620575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4396110773086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.43041807413101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4179520308971405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151376022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168698","display_name":"Exponential function","level":2,"score":0.41474559903144836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3439287543296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3264060616493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32007327675819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.26300448179244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.11369511485099792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.087592214345932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.07219541072845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2023-07-13-1060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-07-13-1060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-07-13-1060","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2023-07-13-1060/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2205.13454","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.13454","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.13454","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/327538","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/327538","pdf_url":"http://ruj.uj.edu.pl/bitstreams/7d2e48b0-dd2d-4ca4-bd1e-403732728cb5/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401249","display_name":"Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","host_organization_name":"Jagiellonian University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:2426745","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2426745","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2426745","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c9eeea4d054846828d9f2a31df321700","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c9eeea4d054846828d9f2a31df321700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 7, p 1060 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2205.13454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.13454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.13454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2023-07-13-1060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-07-13-1060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-07-13-1060","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2023-07-13-1060/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3283010597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T001062/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434337789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4422764623","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20190659PRD4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","funder_display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5025975358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T001062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5039573261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20210116DR","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","funder_display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6174183273","display_name":"EPSRC Hub in Quantum Computing and Simulation","funder_award_id":"EP/T001062/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G64942338","display_name":"MOlecular Quantum Simulations","funder_award_id":"955479","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7223212557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20210116DR","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337547","funder_display_name":"Laboratory Directed Research and Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G985422465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20190659PRD4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337547","funder_display_name":"Laboratory Directed Research and Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","display_name":"Office of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmn6b08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337506","display_name":"Advanced Scientific Computing Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0012c7r22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337547","display_name":"Laboratory Directed Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384383333.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384383333.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492999010","https://openalex.org/W1568345435","https://openalex.org/W1675244148","https://openalex.org/W1770873769","https://openalex.org/W1910288008","https://openalex.org/W2030867075","https://openalex.org/W2078252301","https://openalex.org/W2092938635","https://openalex.org/W2113037635","https://openalex.org/W2159566537","https://openalex.org/W2162167669","https://openalex.org/W2168676717","https://openalex.org/W2179731956","https://openalex.org/W2263356273","https://openalex.org/W2542412597","https://openalex.org/W2559394418","https://openalex.org/W2720385174","https://openalex.org/W2754868542","https://openalex.org/W2763470743","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2790264742","https://openalex.org/W2794444783","https://openalex.org/W2798434869","https://openalex.org/W2811032035","https://openalex.org/W2903221501","https://openalex.org/W2964804637","https://openalex.org/W2979401873","https://openalex.org/W2981843198","https://openalex.org/W2990961515","https://openalex.org/W3015522383","https://openalex.org/W3037974059","https://openalex.org/W3038966512","https://openalex.org/W3045606049","https://openalex.org/W3086576671","https://openalex.org/W3108496771","https://openalex.org/W3111162498","https://openalex.org/W3118800713","https://openalex.org/W3136233239","https://openalex.org/W3149637861","https://openalex.org/W3156188855","https://openalex.org/W3166275705","https://openalex.org/W3203972939","https://openalex.org/W3209107739","https://openalex.org/W3210561246","https://openalex.org/W4213212652","https://openalex.org/W4221051274","https://openalex.org/W4286892624","https://openalex.org/W4286981833","https://openalex.org/W4390615653","https://openalex.org/W4392799106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382492081","https://openalex.org/W4393114813","https://openalex.org/W142413548","https://openalex.org/W3210896109","https://openalex.org/W3045606049","https://openalex.org/W2033805462","https://openalex.org/W2591052049","https://openalex.org/W3198793880","https://openalex.org/W7098724205","https://openalex.org/W3216615338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"error":[1,53,191],"correction":[2,22,54],"becomes":[3],"possible":[4],"it":[5],"will":[6],"be":[7,28,151],"necessary":[8],"to":[9,17,27,99,212],"dedicate":[10],"a":[11,47,136,143,157,206],"large":[12],"number":[13],"of":[14,69,108,117,159,183,189,215],"physical":[15,33],"qubits":[16,51,72,77],"each":[18,31],"logical":[19],"qubit.":[20],"Error":[21],"allows":[23],"for":[24,52,81,169],"deeper":[25],"circuits":[26],"run,":[29],"but":[30],"additional":[32],"qubit":[34,138,172],"can":[35],"potentially":[36],"contribute":[37],"an":[38,114,123,178],"exponential":[39,115,179],"increase":[40],"in":[41,73,122,173,181,208],"computational":[42],"space,":[43],"so":[44],"there":[45,176],"is":[46,139,177],"trade-off":[48],"between":[49],"using":[50,56,70],"or":[55],"them":[57],"as":[58],"noisy":[59,71,140],"qubits.":[60,161,217],"In":[61],"this":[62,101,132],"work":[63],"we":[64,85,104,166],"look":[65],"at":[66],"the":[67,87,106,160,163,174,187,209,213],"effects":[68],"conjunction":[74],"with":[75,205],"noiseless":[76,171],"(an":[78],"idealized":[79],"model":[80,125],"error-corrected":[82],"qubits),":[83],"which":[84],"call":[86],"\"clean":[88],"and":[89,96,141],"dirty\"":[90],"setup.":[91,102],"We":[92,130],"employ":[93],"analytical":[94,195],"models":[95,196],"numerical":[97],"simulations":[98],"characterize":[100],"Numerically":[103],"show":[105],"appearance":[107],"Noise-Induced":[109],"Barren":[110],"Plateaus":[111],"(NIBPs),":[112],"i.e.,":[113],"concentration":[116,182],"observables":[118,203],"caused":[119],"by":[120,155,200],"noise,":[121],"Ising":[124],"Hamiltonian":[126],"variational":[127],"ansatz":[128],"circuit.":[129],"observe":[131],"even":[133],"if":[134],"only":[135],"single":[137],"given":[142],"deep":[144],"enough":[145],"circuit,":[146,175],"suggesting":[147],"that":[148,168,202],"NIBPs":[149],"cannot":[150],"fully":[152],"overcome":[153],"simply":[154],"error-correcting":[156],"subset":[158],"On":[162],"positive":[164],"side,":[165],"find":[167],"every":[170],"suppression":[180],"gradient":[184],"observables,":[185],"showing":[186,201],"benefit":[188],"partial":[190],"correction.":[192],"Finally,":[193],"our":[194],"corroborate":[197],"these":[198],"findings":[199],"concentrate":[204],"scaling":[207],"exponent":[210],"related":[211],"ratio":[214],"dirty-to-total":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2023-07-15T00:00:00"}