{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384159591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3292903","title":"A Deep Reinforcement Learning Model for a Two-Layer Scheduling Policy in Urban Public Resources","display_name":"A Deep Reinforcement Learning Model for a Two-Layer Scheduling Policy in Urban Public Resources","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384159591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3292903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3292903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3292903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3292903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438364","display_name":"Cong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6387-503X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6387-503X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science (National Pilot Software Engineering School), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6387-503X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science (National Pilot Software Engineering School), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100676495","display_name":"Fan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-7141","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-7141"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-7141","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351656","display_name":"He Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0974-0756","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0974-0756"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["International School, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0974-0756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International School, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102760415","display_name":"H. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8988-7047","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8988-7047"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hegeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8988-7047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100710713","display_name":"Huad\u00f3ng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-5047","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-5047"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huadong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science (National Pilot Software Engineering School), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-5047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science (National Pilot Software Engineering School), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020422392","display_name":"Yuanan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8076-1904","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8076-1904"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8076-1904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":2345,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2345},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8214,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72561139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"2712","last_page":"2727"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.4350999891757965,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.4350999891757965,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.1931000053882599,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.040300000458955765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bike-sharing","display_name":"bike sharing","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-reinforcement-learning","display_name":"deep reinforcement learning","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proximal-policy-optimization","display_name":"proximal policy optimization","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dockless-bike-sharing","display_name":"dockless bike-sharing","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobike","display_name":"Mobike","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citi-bike","display_name":"Citi Bike","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8167386054992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7916319370269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6639083623886108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4135814607143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3857526481151581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3428551256656647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.17346259951591492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3292903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3292903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3292903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9333000183105469,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"score":0.7207000255584717,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4989671924","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JQ21036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8194511106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61821001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G973083078","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336363","display_name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Work Safety Intelligent Monitoring, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1129526491","https://openalex.org/W1191599655","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1550669880","https://openalex.org/W1989913148","https://openalex.org/W2089953722","https://openalex.org/W2260756217","https://openalex.org/W2490968024","https://openalex.org/W2549483845","https://openalex.org/W2607045400","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2740924709","https://openalex.org/W2759697523","https://openalex.org/W2787189213","https://openalex.org/W2792952081","https://openalex.org/W2808089867","https://openalex.org/W2911387350","https://openalex.org/W2911432088","https://openalex.org/W2938157874","https://openalex.org/W2943827744","https://openalex.org/W2949830935","https://openalex.org/W2962790412","https://openalex.org/W2989505681","https://openalex.org/W2995595602","https://openalex.org/W2999815819","https://openalex.org/W3037451795","https://openalex.org/W3108897154","https://openalex.org/W3119457309","https://openalex.org/W3136740735","https://openalex.org/W3197692444","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4252801674","https://openalex.org/W4283080771","https://openalex.org/W4285149883","https://openalex.org/W4285806155","https://openalex.org/W4290378828","https://openalex.org/W4293582963","https://openalex.org/W4302774182","https://openalex.org/W4308080012","https://openalex.org/W4321010072","https://openalex.org/W4322721635","https://openalex.org/W6741002519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285149883","https://openalex.org/W6963989549","https://openalex.org/W2902429452","https://openalex.org/W2949830935","https://openalex.org/W4313411507","https://openalex.org/W4391856149","https://openalex.org/W3087970300","https://openalex.org/W4392378175","https://openalex.org/W7052529909","https://openalex.org/W4399730505"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,26],"issue":[1],"of":[2,7,18,24,30,36,171],"efficient":[3,59],"scheduling":[4,60,81,92,123],"and":[5,21,38,71,94,136,151,163],"deployment":[6],"urban":[8],"public":[9,63,84],"resources":[10,37,47,53,64,85],"has":[11],"become":[12],"increasingly":[13],"important":[14],"with":[15,88,145],"the":[16,22,33,89,96,142,146,169],"development":[17],"technological":[19],"innovations":[20],"mobility":[23],"societies.":[25],"arbitrary":[27],"usage":[28],"behavior":[29],"users":[31,43],"causes":[32],"unbalanced":[34],"distribution":[35],"makes":[39],"it":[40],"difficult":[41],"for":[42,62,83],"to":[44,67,118,132,167],"get":[45],"adequate":[46],"in":[48,54],"some":[49],"places":[50],"but":[51],"redundant":[52],"others.":[55],"Therefore,":[56],"designing":[57],"an":[58,100,120],"policy":[61,115],"becomes":[65],"crucial":[66],"promoting":[68],"resource":[69],"utilization":[70],"customer":[72],"satisfaction.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75],"article,":[76],"we":[77,103,140],"propose":[78],"a":[79,105],"novel":[80],"system":[82,98],"that":[86],"aligns":[87],"actual":[90],"value-driven":[91],"strategy":[93,124],"take":[95],"bike-sharing":[97],"as":[99],"example.":[101],"Then,":[102],"design":[104],"deep":[106],"reinforcement":[107],"learning":[108],"algorithm":[109,144],"named":[110],"two":[111,157],"action":[112],"layer":[113],"proximal":[114],"optimization":[116],"(TALPPO)":[117],"generate":[119],"effective":[121],"sharing-bike":[122],"under":[125],"realistic":[126],"constraints,":[127],"which":[128],"could":[129],"help":[130],"enterprises":[131],"make":[133],"better":[134],"management":[135],"operation":[137],"decisions.":[138],"Finally,":[139],"compare":[141],"proposed":[143,173],"other":[147],"ten":[148],"baseline":[149],"models":[150],"provide":[152],"extensive":[153],"experimental":[154],"results":[155],"on":[156],"data":[158],"sets":[159],"called":[160],"Mobike":[161],"(dockless)":[162],"Citi":[164],"Bike":[165],"(docked)":[166],"evaluate":[168],"performance":[170],"our":[172],"approach.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2023-07-14T00:00:00"}