{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384036772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7030074","title":"A Dynamic Model of Profit Maximization for Carsharing Services: Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan","display_name":"A Dynamic Model of Profit Maximization for Carsharing Services: Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384036772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7030074"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/urbansci7030074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7030074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7030074","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2413-8851/7/3/74/pdf?version=1689135985","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174142","display_name":"Urban Science","issn_l":"2413-8851","issn":["2413-8851"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4384036772"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2413-8851/7/3/74/pdf?version=1689135985","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060285219","display_name":"Beibut Amirgaliyev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0355-5856","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0355-5856"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257690","display_name":"Astana IT University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jnvbc31","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257690"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beibut Amirgaliyev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department , Astana IT University , 010000 Astana , Republic of Kazakhstan;","Computer Engineering Department, Astana IT University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0355-5856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department , Astana IT University , 010000 Astana , Republic of Kazakhstan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257690"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Astana IT University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257690"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048977039","display_name":"Oleksandr Kuchanskyi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1277-8031","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1277-8031"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189238007","display_name":"Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv","ror":"https://ror.org/02aaqv166","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189238007"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oleksandr Kuchanskyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska St. , 60 , 01033 , Kyiv , Ukraine;","Department of Information Systems and Technology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska St. , 60 , 01033 , Kyiv , Ukraine;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189238007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems and Technology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189238007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016316433","display_name":"Yurii Andrashko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2306-8377","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2306-8377"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77443782","display_name":"Uzhhorod National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x3jjv63","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77443782"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yurii Andrashko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uzhhorod National University , Narodna Sq. , 3 , 88000 , Uzhhorod , Ukraine;","Department of System Analysis and Optimization Theory, Uzhhorod National University, 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2306-8377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uzhhorod National University , Narodna Sq. , 3 , 88000 , Uzhhorod , Ukraine;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77443782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of System Analysis and Optimization Theory, Uzhhorod National University, 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77443782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004235277","display_name":"Didar Yedilkhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6343-5277","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6343-5277"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257690","display_name":"Astana IT University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jnvbc31","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257690"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Didar Yedilkhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Astana IT University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Astana IT University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257690"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016316433"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77443782"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1335},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1335},"fwci":0.6205,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62475795,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"74","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12392","display_name":"Sharing Economy and Platforms","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/car-sharing","display_name":"car sharing","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit-maximization","display_name":"profit maximization","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-optimization-model","display_name":"dynamic optimization model","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hexagonal-grid","display_name":"hexagonal grid","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trip-data","display_name":"trip data","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-mobility","display_name":"urban mobility","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astana","display_name":"Astana","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-micromobility","display_name":"shared micromobility","score":0.4909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777780509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377422","display_name":"Profit maximization","level":3,"score":0.7074443697929382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6757100820541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.66294926404953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157085824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2384809","display_name":"TRIPS architecture","level":2,"score":0.616662859916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.49426722526550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47067365050315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4441249370574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.4405936002731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.41952231526374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3932778239250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.19338113069534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1894775629043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.16909584403038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1590026319026947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.146983802318573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.13932770490646362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/urbansci7030074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7030074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7030074","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2413-8851/7/3/74/pdf?version=1689135985","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174142","display_name":"Urban Science","issn_l":"2413-8851","issn":["2413-8851"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1354.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.1354.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.1354.v1","pdf_url":"https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202305.1354/v1/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9b3740a90a304f2593b772ac1ab03557","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9b3740a90a304f2593b772ac1ab03557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Urban Science, Vol 7, Iss 3, p 74 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/urbansci7030074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7030074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7030074","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2413-8851/7/3/74/pdf?version=1689135985","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174142","display_name":"Urban Science","issn_l":"2413-8851","issn":["2413-8851"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4162953165","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/05tyne317"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384036772.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384036772.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W920479839","https://openalex.org/W1552027418","https://openalex.org/W1673253000","https://openalex.org/W1968466723","https://openalex.org/W2023151948","https://openalex.org/W2035098657","https://openalex.org/W2093041712","https://openalex.org/W2487305845","https://openalex.org/W2555135382","https://openalex.org/W2557591808","https://openalex.org/W2585123518","https://openalex.org/W2588043186","https://openalex.org/W2789287951","https://openalex.org/W2803455867","https://openalex.org/W2966930497","https://openalex.org/W2975853786","https://openalex.org/W2996875744","https://openalex.org/W3007732498","https://openalex.org/W3012084675","https://openalex.org/W3113489746","https://openalex.org/W3121771167","https://openalex.org/W3128321410","https://openalex.org/W3201376354","https://openalex.org/W4223465459","https://openalex.org/W4280602856","https://openalex.org/W4281651684","https://openalex.org/W4294829561","https://openalex.org/W4376129397","https://openalex.org/W4387865054","https://openalex.org/W6788801037"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4280602856","https://openalex.org/W3200422232","https://openalex.org/W4224290992","https://openalex.org/W4384563116","https://openalex.org/W3007732498","https://openalex.org/W4223465459","https://openalex.org/W3130501567","https://openalex.org/W3049408195","https://openalex.org/W2395742130"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"considers":[2],"building":[3],"a":[4,11,24,89,106,185,217],"dynamic":[5,150,186],"model":[6,189],"of":[7,21,29,38,77,82,91,101,135,178,206,209,212,222],"profit":[8,118,157,187,195],"maximization":[9,119,158,188],"for":[10,109,115,203,215],"carsharing":[12,123,142,162,192],"system":[13,25,124,163,193],"and":[14,80,88,155,214],"its":[15],"verification":[16],"based":[17,170],"on":[18,61,146,171],"the":[19,35,46,78,83,86,95,102,111,117,122,133,136,147,161,172,176,191,204,207,210,220],"case":[20,177],"implementing":[22],"such":[23],"in":[26,121,132,160,175,190,225],"Astana,":[27,39],"Republic":[28],"Kazakhstan.":[30],"The":[31,71,198],"region,":[32],"bounded":[33],"by":[34,53,196],"administrative":[36],"boundaries":[37],"was":[40,57,167,181],"divided":[41],"into":[42],"subregions":[43],"that":[44,183],"covered":[45],"region":[47,87],"with":[48,59,128],"regular":[49],"hexagons":[50],"placed":[51,131],"side":[52],"side.":[54],"A":[55],"dataset":[56],"built":[58,173],"information":[60],"1168":[62],"trips":[63,84,92],"to":[64,68,85,94,105,141,219],"Astana":[65],"from":[66],"January":[67],"March":[69],"2023.":[70],"Kepler":[72],"visualization":[73],"service":[74,143],"constructed":[75],"maps":[76],"beginning":[79],"end":[81],"map":[90],"binding":[93],"hexagonal":[96],"grid":[97,103],"cells.":[98],"Each":[99],"cell":[100],"corresponds":[104],"specific":[107],"subregion,":[108],"which":[110,138],"quantitative":[112],"parameters":[113],"necessary":[114],"solving":[116],"problem":[120],"are":[125,130,139,201],"calculated.":[126],"Stations":[127],"cars":[129],"cells":[134],"grid,":[137],"available":[140],"customers.":[144],"Based":[145],"collected":[148],"data,":[149],"(four":[151],"periods":[152],"per":[153],"day)":[154],"static":[156],"models":[159,174],"were":[164],"built.":[165],"Modeling":[166],"carried":[168],"out":[169],"Astana.":[179],"It":[180],"established":[182],"using":[184],"increases":[194],"3.7%.":[197],"obtained":[199],"results":[200],"important":[202],"development":[205],"infrastructure":[208],"capital":[211],"Kazakhstan":[213],"finding":[216],"solution":[218],"problems":[221],"urban":[223],"science":[224],"this":[226],"region.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2023-07-13T00:00:00"}
