{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384028264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108957823.022","title":"Multilingualism and Cognitive Reserve","display_name":"Multilingualism and Cognitive Reserve","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384028264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108957823.022"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/9781108957823.022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108957823.022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108957823.022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Third Language Acquisition","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384023607","display_name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Third Language Acquisition"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014761561","display_name":"Noelia Calvo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4202-9314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4202-9314"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noelia Calvo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024865781","display_name":"Ellen Bialystok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-2082","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-2082"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellen Bialystok","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31787634,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"555","last_page":"576"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.02759999968111515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilingualism","display_name":"multilingualism","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-reserve","display_name":"cognitive reserve","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilingualism","display_name":"bilingualism","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-resilience","display_name":"cognitive resilience","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodegeneration","display_name":"neurodegeneration","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia-onset","display_name":"dementia onset","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-resilience","display_name":"brain resilience","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reserve-factor","display_name":"reserve factor","score":0.30799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30081","display_name":"Multilingualism","level":2,"score":0.7379589080810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.7186858057975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67739388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579471","display_name":"Cognitive reserve","level":4,"score":0.6306325197219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49876356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002651","display_name":"Neuroscience of multilingualism","level":2,"score":0.5181297659873962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5028778910636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.48752519488334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.48526331782341003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4807988703250885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.46240857243537903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.44707080721855164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.21730944514274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20389169454574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984915365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141203","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","level":3,"score":0.1951218545436859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1422349214553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12034651637077332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.07166558504104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/9781108957823.022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108957823.022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108957823.022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Third Language Acquisition","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2318081371","https://openalex.org/W2148539460","https://openalex.org/W4390078219","https://openalex.org/W4392553514","https://openalex.org/W4247800164","https://openalex.org/W3137498579","https://openalex.org/W2905585947","https://openalex.org/W3133609286","https://openalex.org/W2963211242","https://openalex.org/W4224929142"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,14,20,32,41,46,49,77,81,86,89,107,112,117,121,138,141],"last":[2],"decades,":[3],"different":[4],"concepts":[5],"of":[6,22,34,48,91,123,137],"reserve":[7,29],"have":[8,61],"been":[9],"postulated":[10],"to":[11,70,75,95,115,127,134],"account":[12],"for":[13,17,102,120],"brain\u2019s":[15],"capacity":[16],"resilience":[18],"in":[19,80,88,93,100,106,140,147],"face":[21],"neurodegeneration.":[23],"Lifelong":[24],"bilingualism":[25],"may":[26,132],"be":[27],"a":[28,97,135],"factor,":[30],"delaying":[31],"onset":[33],"dementia":[35],"by":[36],"approximately":[37],"four":[38],"years.":[39],"Nonetheless,":[40],"evidence":[42,119],"remains":[43],"inconsistent":[44],"and":[45,144],"trajectory":[47],"effects":[50],"is":[51,57],"not":[52],"clear.":[53],"For":[54],"instance,":[55],"it":[56],"unclear":[58],"whether":[59,124],"multilinguals":[60],"more":[62],"cognitive":[63],"benefits":[64],"than":[65],"bilinguals.":[66],"This":[67],"review":[68,111],"aims":[69],"critically":[71],"examine":[72],"this":[73],"question":[74,122],"delineate":[76],"major":[78],"trends":[79],"field.":[82,108],"We":[83,109],"first":[84],"describe":[85],"overlap":[87],"operationalization":[90],"reserve/resilience":[92],"order":[94],"provide":[96],"clear":[98],"definition":[99],"support":[101],"such":[103],"an":[104],"approach":[105],"then":[110],"bi-/multilingual":[113],"literature":[114,143],"evaluate":[116],"current":[118],"bi-/multilingualism":[125],"leads":[126],"increased":[128],"reserve.":[129],"Such":[130],"considerations":[131],"lead":[133],"re-evaluation":[136],"construct":[139],"bilingual":[142],"its":[145],"implication":[146],"clinical":[148],"studies.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2023-07-13T00:00:00"}