{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383906458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00114","title":"Modality-Specificity of the Neural Correlates of Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Demand","display_name":"Modality-Specificity of the Neural Correlates of Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Demand","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383906458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00114","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37841966","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10575553"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/nol_a_00114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00114","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/nol/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/nol_a_00114/2142002/nol_a_00114.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207772","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language","issn_l":"2641-4368","issn":["2641-4368"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurobiology of Language","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/nol/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/nol_a_00114/2142002/nol_a_00114.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111007260","display_name":"Mackenzie Philips","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mackenzie Philips","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055780713","display_name":"Sarah M. Schneck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-4431","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-4431"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah M. Schneck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-4431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038410609","display_name":"Deborah F. Levy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1389-2525","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1389-2525"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deborah F. Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1389-2525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067031635","display_name":"Stephen M. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9884-2852","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9884-2852","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-2565"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen M. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9884-2852","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067031635"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802","https://openalex.org/I901861585"],"apc_list":{"value":1100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1100},"apc_paid":{"value":1100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1100},"fwci":0.1182,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34701137,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"516","last_page":"535"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-demands","display_name":"linguistic demands","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-effort","display_name":"task effort","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auditory-modality","display_name":"auditory modality","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-modality","display_name":"visual modality","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-demand-network","display_name":"multiple-demand network","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-network","display_name":"language network","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-matching","display_name":"semantic matching","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-flexibility","display_name":"cognitive flexibility","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/right-inferior-frontal-gyrus","display_name":"right inferior frontal gyrus","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality-specificity","display_name":"modality specificity","score":0.5170000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64249296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5250411","display_name":"Deep linguistic processing","level":2,"score":0.7586132884025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.6758385896682739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5527259707450867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5378336906433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4872540533542633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.43175312876701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781423396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1558534","display_name":"Inferior frontal gyrus","level":3,"score":0.4201759696006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.38628607988357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2331562042236328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15396425127983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.07848235964775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/nol_a_00114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00114","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/nol/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/nol_a_00114/2142002/nol_a_00114.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207772","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language","issn_l":"2641-4368","issn":["2641-4368"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurobiology of Language","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10575553","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10575553","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10575553/pdf/nol-4-4-516.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurobiol Lang (Camb)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37841966","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37841966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6st2z24c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6st2z24c","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt6st2z24c/qt6st2z24c.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neurobiology of Language, vol 4, iss 4","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:59cb0299f3f04b61bd448c6baa7f0bca","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/59cb0299f3f04b61bd448c6baa7f0bca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neurobiology of Language, Vol 4, Iss 4 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/nol_a_00114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00114","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/nol/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/nol_a_00114/2142002/nol_a_00114.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207772","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language","issn_l":"2641-4368","issn":["2641-4368"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurobiology of Language","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6312862619","display_name":"An Adaptive Semantic Paradigm for Valid and Reliable Language Mapping in Aphasia","funder_award_id":"R21DC016080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000887474","display_name":"Neural Correlates of Recovery from Aphasia After Stroke","funder_award_id":"R01DC013270","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhx6838"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383906458.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383906458.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575023442","https://openalex.org/W1975176304","https://openalex.org/W1981685168","https://openalex.org/W1982972718","https://openalex.org/W1997099757","https://openalex.org/W2001896589","https://openalex.org/W2011314789","https://openalex.org/W2019370496","https://openalex.org/W2024032664","https://openalex.org/W2036531193","https://openalex.org/W2037490879","https://openalex.org/W2048463936","https://openalex.org/W2055865380","https://openalex.org/W2059604118","https://openalex.org/W2063324032","https://openalex.org/W2075025158","https://openalex.org/W2079092292","https://openalex.org/W2079963397","https://openalex.org/W2088939948","https://openalex.org/W2089041079","https://openalex.org/W2090813996","https://openalex.org/W2096731844","https://openalex.org/W2099416730","https://openalex.org/W2099549454","https://openalex.org/W2105069115","https://openalex.org/W2110511218","https://openalex.org/W2113738888","https://openalex.org/W2116339453","https://openalex.org/W2116945806","https://openalex.org/W2119661135","https://openalex.org/W2121524031","https://openalex.org/W2121969785","https://openalex.org/W2123812988","https://openalex.org/W2141304368","https://openalex.org/W2141447814","https://openalex.org/W2142740547","https://openalex.org/W2155034734","https://openalex.org/W2159512568","https://openalex.org/W2169605136","https://openalex.org/W2220488293","https://openalex.org/W2515617957","https://openalex.org/W2730030504","https://openalex.org/W2757633771","https://openalex.org/W2774559876","https://openalex.org/W2800450313","https://openalex.org/W2990994359","https://openalex.org/W2997938465","https://openalex.org/W3083971359","https://openalex.org/W3088512319","https://openalex.org/W3123834972","https://openalex.org/W3159391327","https://openalex.org/W3206873110","https://openalex.org/W4293102615"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123834972","https://openalex.org/W7213370425","https://openalex.org/W7163410756","https://openalex.org/W4417117049","https://openalex.org/W2952124519","https://openalex.org/W7009332601","https://openalex.org/W7018510458","https://openalex.org/W2900907382","https://openalex.org/W2054842501","https://openalex.org/W4417530496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Imaging":[0],"studies":[1],"of":[2,20,24,47,103,155,222,225],"language":[3,113,214],"processing":[4,25,36],"in":[5,39,50,55,69,73,142,163,176,183,191],"clinical":[6],"populations":[7],"can":[8],"be":[9],"complicated":[10],"to":[11,64,137,159,186,235],"interpret":[12],"for":[13],"several":[14],"reasons,":[15],"one":[16],"being":[17],"the":[18,22,44,56,70,118,143,148,177,192,196,213,226],"difficulty":[19,49],"matching":[21],"effortfulness":[23],"across":[26],"individuals":[27,80],"or":[28],"tasks.":[29],"To":[30],"better":[31],"understand":[32],"how":[33],"effortful":[34],"linguistic":[35,51,89,126,170,204,219,230,236],"is":[37,216,232],"reflected":[38],"functional":[40],"activity,":[41],"we":[42],"investigated":[43],"neural":[45],"correlates":[46],"task":[48,90,96,243],"and":[52,59,93,111,128,205],"non-linguistic":[53,95,131,174,206],"contexts":[54],"auditory":[57,178],"modality":[58,72],"then":[60],"compared":[61],"our":[62],"findings":[63,209],"a":[65,74,88,94,153],"recent":[66],"analogous":[67],"experiment":[68],"visual":[71,144,193],"different":[75],"cohort.":[76],"Nineteen":[77],"neurologically":[78],"normal":[79],"were":[81,123],"scanned":[82],"with":[83,100],"fMRI":[84],"as":[85,115,117],"they":[86],"performed":[87],"(semantic":[91],"matching)":[92],"(melodic":[97],"matching),":[98],"each":[99],"two":[101],"levels":[102],"difficulty.":[104],"We":[105],"found":[106],"that":[107,211],"left":[108],"hemisphere":[109],"frontal":[110,121],"temporal":[112],"regions,":[114],"well":[116],"right":[119],"inferior":[120],"gyrus,":[122],"modulated":[124,167,201,217],"by":[125,130,169,173,202,218,229],"demand":[127,150,171,175,220,231],"not":[129,233],"demand.":[132,207],"This":[133,180],"was":[134,139,166,182,188,199],"broadly":[135],"similar":[136],"what":[138,187],"previously":[140,189],"observed":[141,190],"modality.":[145,179],"In":[146],"contrast,":[147],"multiple":[149],"(MD)":[151],"network,":[152],"set":[154],"brain":[156],"regions":[157],"thought":[158],"support":[160],"cognitive":[161],"flexibility":[162],"many":[164],"contexts,":[165],"neither":[168],"nor":[172],"finding":[181],"striking":[184],"contradistinction":[185],"modality,":[194,223],"where":[195],"MD":[197,227],"network":[198,215,228],"robustly":[200],"both":[203],"Our":[208],"suggest":[210],"while":[212],"irrespective":[221],"modulation":[224],"inherent":[234],"processing,":[237],"but":[238],"rather":[239],"depends":[240],"on":[241],"specific":[242],"factors.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2023-07-12T00:00:00"}