{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383746401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ace5dd","title":"Kendall transfer entropy: a novel measure for estimating information transfer in complex systems","display_name":"Kendall transfer entropy: a novel measure for estimating information transfer in complex systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383746401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ace5dd","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37429274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ace5dd","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ace5dd","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ace5dd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32898093","display_name":"Journal of Neural Engineering","issn_l":"1741-2552","issn":["1741-2552","1741-2560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neural Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031271236","display_name":"Xin Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-1190","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-1190"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China","Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048378834","display_name":"Zhenhu Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2467-9877","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2467-9877"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhu Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China","Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2467-9877","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378656","display_name":"Jing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1580-1356","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1580-1356","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7012-5216","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1980-539X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800232565","display_name":"Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01eff5662","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800232565","https://openalex.org/I4210110145","https://openalex.org/I4210135108"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China","Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, 100020, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I2800232565"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, 100020, CHINA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061568528","display_name":"Changwei Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-600X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-600X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800232565","display_name":"Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01eff5662","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800232565","https://openalex.org/I4210110145","https://openalex.org/I4210135108"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changwei Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China","Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, 100020, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I2800232565"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, 100020, CHINA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418692","display_name":"Xiaoli Li A","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1359-5130","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1359-5130","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1420-7590","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2683-8632"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768142","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning","ror":"https://ror.org/059y0zb32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4391768142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoli Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China","Beijing Normal University, Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, 100875, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1359-5130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4391768142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Normal University, Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, 100875, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3075},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0814,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80840685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"046010","last_page":"046010"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.4372999966144562,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.4372999966144562,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.29760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10244","display_name":"Chaos control and synchronization","score":0.03669999912381172,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-entropy","display_name":"transfer entropy","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kendall-s-rank-correlation","display_name":"Kendall's rank correlation","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-transfer","display_name":"information transmission","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-sample-estimation","display_name":"small sample estimation","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-mass-model","display_name":"neural mass model","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eeg-connectivity","display_name":"EEG connectivity","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontoparietal-connectivity","display_name":"frontoparietal connectivity","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-transfer-entropy","display_name":"symbolic transfer entropy","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-partitioning","display_name":"adaptive partitioning","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-coupling","display_name":"nonlinear coupling","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"causal inference","score":0.48899999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182049051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17147155","display_name":"Transfer entropy","level":3,"score":0.6972424387931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6785587072372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66696666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105612","display_name":"Sample entropy","level":3,"score":0.5808185935020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5264732837677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8854915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4350200","display_name":"Information transfer","level":2,"score":0.5174084901809692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5057158470153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.46943023800849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4360148012638092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776470351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12829165","display_name":"Unconsciousness","level":2,"score":0.42424845695495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.4214860200881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3707937002182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3442946672439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21872231364250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.18772149085998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.14097991585731506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010296","descriptor_name":"Parietal Lobe","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015742","descriptor_name":"Propofol","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ace5dd","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ace5dd","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ace5dd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32898093","display_name":"Journal of Neural Engineering","issn_l":"1741-2552","issn":["1741-2552","1741-2560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neural Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37429274","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37429274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of neural engineering","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7097154877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2021203033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336817","funder_display_name":"Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7305040105","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62073280","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336817","display_name":"Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hebei Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3598568","https://openalex.org/W1989280360","https://openalex.org/W1992005581","https://openalex.org/W2000634506","https://openalex.org/W2009914532","https://openalex.org/W2014683958","https://openalex.org/W2016918012","https://openalex.org/W2024383241","https://openalex.org/W2040572095","https://openalex.org/W2041782669","https://openalex.org/W2051428723","https://openalex.org/W2067066994","https://openalex.org/W2070765152","https://openalex.org/W2071044018","https://openalex.org/W2076345183","https://openalex.org/W2085009317","https://openalex.org/W2128495200","https://openalex.org/W2133280087","https://openalex.org/W2136562407","https://openalex.org/W2137456793","https://openalex.org/W2166016327","https://openalex.org/W2171862597","https://openalex.org/W2284050639","https://openalex.org/W2333775360","https://openalex.org/W2472363021","https://openalex.org/W2509776346","https://openalex.org/W2514108029","https://openalex.org/W2586262377","https://openalex.org/W2684621061","https://openalex.org/W2744038207","https://openalex.org/W2899399085","https://openalex.org/W2925881161","https://openalex.org/W2947210053","https://openalex.org/W2972334539","https://openalex.org/W3021604541","https://openalex.org/W3027739401","https://openalex.org/W3082550715","https://openalex.org/W3087177077","https://openalex.org/W3091116893","https://openalex.org/W3094367351","https://openalex.org/W3115176213","https://openalex.org/W3116524781","https://openalex.org/W3119619588","https://openalex.org/W3138509223","https://openalex.org/W3156763113","https://openalex.org/W3162670648","https://openalex.org/W3183459840","https://openalex.org/W3214347408","https://openalex.org/W4210843844","https://openalex.org/W4224921396","https://openalex.org/W4280535311","https://openalex.org/W4283805578","https://openalex.org/W4285495377","https://openalex.org/W4286579687","https://openalex.org/W4291464601","https://openalex.org/W4292685275","https://openalex.org/W4307892473","https://openalex.org/W4323655629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2989789496","https://openalex.org/W2534895459","https://openalex.org/W3154625295","https://openalex.org/W1970771613","https://openalex.org/W7067423092","https://openalex.org/W2142858796","https://openalex.org/W7038820904","https://openalex.org/W2274684705","https://openalex.org/W7096439151","https://openalex.org/W2073708575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Objective.":[1],"Transfer":[2],"entropy":[3],"(TE)":[4],"has":[5,40],"been":[6],"widely":[7],"used":[8],"to":[9,42,64,143,148,192,202],"infer":[10],"causal":[11],"relationships":[12],"among":[13],"dynamical":[14],"systems,":[15],"especially":[16],"in":[17,218,223],"neuroscience.":[18],"Kendall":[19,69,82,89],"transformation":[20,90],"provides":[21,256],"a":[22,185,237],"novel":[23],"quantization":[24],"method":[25,235],"for":[26,34,242,249,265],"estimating":[27,243],"information-theoretic":[28,266],"measures":[29],"and":[30,74,91,114,133,155,198,239,245],"shows":[31],"potential":[32],"advantages":[33],"small-sample":[35],"neural":[36,134],"signals.":[37],"But":[38],"it":[39],"yet":[41],"be":[43],"introduced":[44],"into":[45,71],"the":[46,55,66,81,87,92,108,115,138,150,169,172,181,190,200,210,214,232],"framework":[47],"of":[48,57,68,260],"TE":[49,72,83,93,105],"estimation,":[50],"which":[51,85,125,221],"commonly":[52],"suffers":[53],"from":[54],"limitation":[56],"small":[58,186,250],"sample":[59,187,251],"sizes.":[60,252],"This":[61],"paper":[62],"aims":[63],"introduce":[65],"idea":[67],"correlation":[70],"estimation":[73,106],"verify":[75],"its":[76,97],"effect.":[77],"Approach.":[78],"We":[79,229],"proposed":[80,233],"(KTE)":[84],"combines":[86],"improved":[88],"estimation.":[94],"To":[95],"confirm":[96],"effectiveness,":[98],"we":[99],"compared":[100],"KTE":[101,139,170,211,234,254],"with":[102,158,225],"two":[103,174],"common":[104],"techniques:":[107],"adaptive":[109],"partitioning":[110],"algorithm":[111],"(D-V":[112],"partitioning)":[113],"symbolic":[116],"TE.":[117],"Their":[118],"performances":[119],"were":[120],"estimated":[121],"by":[122,176],"simulation":[123,165],"experiments":[124],"included":[126],"linear,":[127],"nonlinear,":[128],"linear":[129],"+":[130],"nonlinear":[131],"models":[132],"mass":[135],"models.":[136],"Moreover,":[137],"was":[140],"also":[141,255],"applied":[142],"real":[144,207],"electroencephalography":[145],"(EEG)":[146],"recordings":[147],"quantify":[149],"directional":[151],"connectivity":[152,217],"between":[153],"frontal":[154],"parietal":[156],"regions":[157],"propofol-induced":[159,219],"general":[160],"anesthesia.":[161],"Main":[162],"results.":[163],"The":[164,253],"results":[166],"showed":[167],"that":[168,231],"outperformed":[171],"other":[173],"methods":[175],"many":[177],"measures:":[178],"(1)":[179],"identifying":[180],"coupling":[182,193,204],"direction":[183],"under":[184],"size;":[188],"(2)":[189],"sensitivity":[191,201],"strength;":[194],"(3)":[195],"noise":[196],"resistance;":[197],"(4)":[199],"time-dependent":[203],"changes.":[205],"For":[206],"EEG":[208],"recordings,":[209],"clearly":[212],"detected":[213],"disrupted":[215],"frontal-to-parietal":[216],"unconsciousness,":[220],"is":[222,236,246],"agreement":[224],"previous":[226],"findings.":[227],"Significance.":[228],"reveal":[230],"robust":[238],"powerful":[240],"tool":[241],"TE,":[244],"particularly":[247],"suitable":[248],"an":[257],"innovative":[258],"form":[259],"quantizing":[261],"continuous":[262],"time":[263],"series":[264],"measures.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-07-11T00:00:00"}
