{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383744587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31422","title":"Combining Human Expertise with Artificial Intelligence: Experimental Evidence from Radiology","display_name":"Combining Human Expertise with Artificial Intelligence: Experimental Evidence from Radiology","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383744587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w31422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31422","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31422","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31422","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042226009","display_name":"Nikhil Agarwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2106-6175","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2106-6175","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4612-6579"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800667924","display_name":"Sinai Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/052ra0j05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800667924","https://openalex.org/I4210164053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271587","display_name":"Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02pfghk26","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nikhil Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Department of Economics","Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Department of Economics, 50 Memorial Drive, E52-391, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States","Yale University - Cowles Foundation","Yale University - Cowles Foundation, Box 208281, New Haven, CT 06520-8281, United States","Department of Economics, E52-440 MIT 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 and","Department of Economics, E52-460 MIT Cambridge, MA 02139","Harvard Medical School 10 Shattuck St Boston, MA 02115 United States","MIT 100 Main St E62-390 Cambridge, MA 02472","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","NBER Working Paper No. 31422","Sinai Hospital,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Department of Economics, 50 Memorial Drive, E52-391, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University - Cowles Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University - Cowles Foundation, Box 208281, New Haven, CT 06520-8281, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472","https://openalex.org/I4405271587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, E52-440 MIT 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, E52-460 MIT Cambridge, MA 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School 10 Shattuck St Boston, MA 02115 United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT 100 Main St E62-390 Cambridge, MA 02472","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NBER Working Paper No. 31422","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sinai Hospital,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800667924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084502036","display_name":"Alex Vernon Moehring","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6822-6354","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6822-6354"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800667924","display_name":"Sinai Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/052ra0j05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800667924","https://openalex.org/I4210164053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Moehring","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Sloan School of Management","Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Sloan School of Management, 100 Main Street, E62-416, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States","Department of Economics, E52-440 MIT 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 and","Department of Economics, E52-460 MIT Cambridge, MA 02139","Harvard Medical School 10 Shattuck St Boston, MA 02115 United States","MIT 100 Main St E62-390 Cambridge, MA 02472","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","NBER Working Paper No. 31422","Sinai Hospital,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Sloan School of Management","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Sloan School of Management, 100 Main Street, E62-416, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, E52-440 MIT 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, E52-460 MIT Cambridge, MA 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School 10 Shattuck St Boston, MA 02115 United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT 100 Main St E62-390 Cambridge, MA 02472","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NBER Working Paper No. 31422","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sinai Hospital,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800667924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001094226","display_name":"Pranav Rajpurkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-3727","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-3727"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800667924","display_name":"Sinai Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/052ra0j05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800667924","https://openalex.org/I4210164053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranav Rajpurkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University - Department of Biomedical Informatics","Department of Economics, E52-440 MIT 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 and","Department of Economics, E52-460 MIT Cambridge, MA 02139","Harvard Medical School 10 Shattuck St Boston, MA 02115 United States","MIT 100 Main St E62-390 Cambridge, MA 02472","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","NBER Working Paper No. 31422","Sinai Hospital,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University - Department of Biomedical Informatics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, E52-440 MIT 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, E52-460 MIT Cambridge, MA 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School 10 Shattuck St Boston, MA 02115 United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT 100 Main St E62-390 Cambridge, MA 02472","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NBER Working Paper No. 31422","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sinai Hospital,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800667924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022162716","display_name":"Tobias Salz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800667924","display_name":"Sinai Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/052ra0j05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800667924","https://openalex.org/I4210164053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Salz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)","Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, United States","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States","Department of Economics, E52-440 MIT 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 and","Department of Economics, E52-460 MIT Cambridge, MA 02139","Harvard Medical School 10 Shattuck St Boston, MA 02115 United States","MIT 100 Main St E62-390 Cambridge, MA 02472","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","NBER Working Paper No. 31422","Sinai Hospital,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, E52-440 MIT 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, E52-460 MIT Cambridge, MA 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School 10 Shattuck St Boston, MA 02115 United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT 100 Main St E62-390 Cambridge, MA 02472","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NBER Working Paper No. 31422","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sinai Hospital,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800667924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042226009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2800667924","https://openalex.org/I32971472","https://openalex.org/I4405271587","https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":162,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.5820000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.5820000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11894","display_name":"Radiology practices and education","score":0.25369998812675476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.08980000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-ai-collaboration","display_name":"human-AI collaboration","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiologists","display_name":"radiologists","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-assisted-diagnosis","display_name":"AI-assisted diagnosis","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-information","display_name":"contextual information","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-updating","display_name":"belief updating","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-updating","display_name":"Bayesian updating","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-accuracy","display_name":"diagnostic accuracy","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"radiology","score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-making","display_name":"clinical decision-making","score":0.39399999380111694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46681615710258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4193548560142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.39952540397644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3674125671386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3290248513221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2705335021018982}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w31422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31422","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31422","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4505053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4505053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4505053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31422","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w31422.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w31422.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w31422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31422","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31422","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5757865988","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-17182","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306151","funder_display_name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306151","display_name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/052csg198"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383744587.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383744587.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83993254","https://openalex.org/W105140810","https://openalex.org/W1504195146","https://openalex.org/W1514293663","https://openalex.org/W1601629022","https://openalex.org/W1946594383","https://openalex.org/W1972190631","https://openalex.org/W1980054641","https://openalex.org/W2035920101","https://openalex.org/W2050495532","https://openalex.org/W2057925076","https://openalex.org/W2117463068","https://openalex.org/W2125943921","https://openalex.org/W2131741754","https://openalex.org/W2135503447","https://openalex.org/W2139901214","https://openalex.org/W2164646550","https://openalex.org/W2175391164","https://openalex.org/W2194768337","https://openalex.org/W2203167467","https://openalex.org/W2211876016","https://openalex.org/W2263650136","https://openalex.org/W2324556660","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2525984666","https://openalex.org/W2530948716","https://openalex.org/W2551317447","https://openalex.org/W2558876473","https://openalex.org/W2592361821","https://openalex.org/W2767568774","https://openalex.org/W2770241596","https://openalex.org/W2770987755","https://openalex.org/W2776393547","https://openalex.org/W2785122045","https://openalex.org/W2890416412","https://openalex.org/W2901954625","https://openalex.org/W2904183610","https://openalex.org/W2920166258","https://openalex.org/W2924260403","https://openalex.org/W2931108066","https://openalex.org/W2946674875","https://openalex.org/W2948864380","https://openalex.org/W2955046962","https://openalex.org/W2963466845","https://openalex.org/W2965448364","https://openalex.org/W2966665347","https://openalex.org/W2976398475","https://openalex.org/W2978195003","https://openalex.org/W2984643897","https://openalex.org/W2984645840","https://openalex.org/W2984904339","https://openalex.org/W2990458283","https://openalex.org/W3003797202","https://openalex.org/W3004691496","https://openalex.org/W3016623626","https://openalex.org/W3030584719","https://openalex.org/W3033575144","https://openalex.org/W3036298167","https://openalex.org/W3074741277","https://openalex.org/W3084346490","https://openalex.org/W3097208033","https://openalex.org/W3099217180","https://openalex.org/W3112726881","https://openalex.org/W3121331010","https://openalex.org/W3121705224","https://openalex.org/W3122639232","https://openalex.org/W3124248000","https://openalex.org/W3125211038","https://openalex.org/W3125633690","https://openalex.org/W3125892916","https://openalex.org/W3128442340","https://openalex.org/W3131119231","https://openalex.org/W3134212383","https://openalex.org/W3177044444","https://openalex.org/W3183970792","https://openalex.org/W4226139013","https://openalex.org/W4226174161","https://openalex.org/W4248618207","https://openalex.org/W4281783041","https://openalex.org/W4283172359","https://openalex.org/W4292157289","https://openalex.org/W4293802305","https://openalex.org/W4294243134","https://openalex.org/W4299696522","https://openalex.org/W4306253911","https://openalex.org/W4317935575","https://openalex.org/W4323345726","https://openalex.org/W4377966413","https://openalex.org/W4384154918","https://openalex.org/W4387246959","https://openalex.org/W4387271532","https://openalex.org/W4388487827","https://openalex.org/W4388776094","https://openalex.org/W4399045409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4294243134","https://openalex.org/W4319339070","https://openalex.org/W4409284859","https://openalex.org/W7164563337","https://openalex.org/W7125645872","https://openalex.org/W4407244469","https://openalex.org/W7163831784","https://openalex.org/W4283172359","https://openalex.org/W7164512104","https://openalex.org/W7134903109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Full":[0],"automation":[1],"using":[2,26],"Artificial":[3],"Intelligence":[4],"(AI)":[5],"predictions":[6,39,70,78],"may":[7],"not":[8,15,41,53],"be":[9,86],"optimal":[10,89],"if":[11],"humans":[12,97],"have":[13],"information":[14,28,49,75],"available":[16],"to":[17,96,99,103],"the":[18,55,88],"AI":[19,38,58,69,77,104],"(contextual":[20],"information).":[21],"We":[22],"study":[23],"human-AI":[24,90],"collaboration":[25,91],"an":[27],"experiment":[29],"with":[30],"professional":[31],"radiologists.":[32],"Results":[33],"show":[34],"that":[35],"providing":[36],"(i)":[37],"does":[40],"improve":[42],"performance":[43],"on":[44],"average,":[45],"whereas":[46],"(ii)":[47],"contextual":[48],"does.":[50],"Radiologists":[51],"do":[52],"realize":[54],"gains":[56],"from":[57],"assistance":[59],"because":[60],"of":[61],"errors":[62],"in":[63],"belief":[64],"updating":[65],"\u2013":[66],"they":[67],"underweight":[68],"and":[71,76],"treat":[72],"their":[73],"own":[74],"as":[79],"statistically":[80],"independent.":[81],"Unless":[82],"these":[83],"mistakes":[84],"can":[85],"corrected,":[87],"design":[92],"delegates":[93],"cases":[94],"either":[95],"or":[98],"AI,":[100],"but":[101],"rarely":[102],"assisted":[105],"humans.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2023-07-11T00:00:00"}