{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383612976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgad023","title":"Chronicle of a crisis foretold: how the WTO Appellate Body drove itself into a corner","display_name":"Chronicle of a crisis foretold: how the WTO Appellate Body drove itself into a corner","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383612976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgad023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jiel/jgad023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgad023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgad023","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jiel/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jiel/jgad023/50841774/jgad023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197191252","display_name":"Journal of International Economic Law","issn_l":"1369-3034","issn":["1369-3034","1464-3758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of International Economic Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jiel/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jiel/jgad023/50841774/jgad023.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jorge Miranda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270380","display_name":"Centre for Trade and Economic Integration","ror":"https://ror.org/00k455w53","country_code":"CH","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270380","https://openalex.org/I951315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I951315","display_name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/007ygn379","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I951315"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Miranda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trade Economic Advisor, Blank Rome LLP, 1825 Eye Street NW, Washington DC 20006, USA","Postdoctoral Fellow, Centre for Trade and Economic Integration, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Chemin Eug\u00e8ne-Rigot 2A, Case Postale 1672, Geneva 1211, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trade Economic Advisor, Blank Rome LLP, 1825 Eye Street NW, Washington DC 20006, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postdoctoral Fellow, Centre for Trade and Economic Integration, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Chemin Eug\u00e8ne-Rigot 2A, Case Postale 1672, Geneva 1211, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270380","https://openalex.org/I951315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019014345","display_name":"Manuel S\u00e1nchez Miranda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-5848","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-5848"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270380","display_name":"Centre for Trade and Economic Integration","ror":"https://ror.org/00k455w53","country_code":"CH","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270380","https://openalex.org/I951315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I951315","display_name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/007ygn379","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I951315"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel S\u00e1nchez Miranda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Postdoctoral Fellow, Centre for Trade and Economic Integration, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Chemin Eug\u00e8ne-Rigot 2A, Case Postale 1672, Geneva 1211, Switzerland","Trade Economic Advisor, Blank Rome LLP, 1825 Eye Street NW, Washington DC 20006, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postdoctoral Fellow, Centre for Trade and Economic Integration, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Chemin Eug\u00e8ne-Rigot 2A, Case Postale 1672, Geneva 1211, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270380","https://openalex.org/I951315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trade Economic Advisor, Blank Rome LLP, 1825 Eye Street NW, Washington DC 20006, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4535,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4535},"apc_paid":{"value":4535,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4535},"fwci":1.8272,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88039815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"435","last_page":"461"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12040","display_name":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wto-appellate-body","display_name":"WTO Appellate Body","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wto-dispute-settlement","display_name":"WTO dispute settlement","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-adjudication","display_name":"international adjudication","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treaty-interpretation","display_name":"treaty interpretation","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-courts","display_name":"international courts","score":0.6119999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5998532772064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.5880364179611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422321","display_name":"Blueprint","level":2,"score":0.5718796253204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5230775475502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5027894973754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.45359131693840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204434341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357789","display_name":"Adjudication","level":2,"score":0.45242607593536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159023740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623276","display_name":"Deadlock","level":2,"score":0.44164618849754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553237","display_name":"Settlement (finance)","level":3,"score":0.42171019315719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3121738135814667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jiel/jgad023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgad023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgad023","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jiel/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jiel/jgad023/50841774/jgad023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197191252","display_name":"Journal of International Economic Law","issn_l":"1369-3034","issn":["1369-3034","1464-3758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of International Economic Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3596217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3596217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3596217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:oup:jieclw:v:26:y:2023:i:3:p:435-461.","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/jiel/jgad023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.graduateinstitute.ch:301594","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/301594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402451","display_name":"Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I951315","host_organization_name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I951315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/301594","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jiel/jgad023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgad023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgad023","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jiel/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jiel/jgad023/50841774/jgad023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197191252","display_name":"Journal of International Economic Law","issn_l":"1369-3034","issn":["1369-3034","1464-3758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of International Economic Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383612976.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383612976.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035025949","https://openalex.org/W2132905078","https://openalex.org/W2154483558","https://openalex.org/W2156912256","https://openalex.org/W2211811305","https://openalex.org/W2331482903","https://openalex.org/W2342904635","https://openalex.org/W2960053436","https://openalex.org/W2982299705","https://openalex.org/W3080455033","https://openalex.org/W3124054128","https://openalex.org/W3124175501","https://openalex.org/W3187984256","https://openalex.org/W4253793547"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3145603959","https://openalex.org/W6891640025","https://openalex.org/W7155417284","https://openalex.org/W7216800446","https://openalex.org/W7110777142","https://openalex.org/W4285518311","https://openalex.org/W2964741007","https://openalex.org/W2227542902","https://openalex.org/W3128021501","https://openalex.org/W4410933291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"With":[1],"146":[2],"decisions":[3],"delivered":[4],"since":[5],"1995,":[6],"the":[7,11,20,29,47,67,82,121,126,130,138,167,191,194,206],"Appellate":[8,30,62,131,195],"Body":[9,31,63,132,196],"of":[10,19,55,61,137,160,193],"World":[12],"Trade":[13],"Organization":[14],"(WTO)":[15],"stands":[16],"as":[17,157],"one":[18,68],"world's":[21],"most":[22,127],"prolific":[23],"and":[24,73,96],"accomplished":[25],"international":[26,110,170,177],"courts.":[27],"However,":[28],"finds":[32],"itself":[33],"currently":[34],"embroiled":[35],"in":[36],"a":[37,59,158,184,201],"crisis":[38,154],"that":[39,49,119,140,145,152,169],"has":[40,120],"crippled":[41],"it.":[42],"This":[43],"article":[44],"delves":[45],"into":[46,142],"reasons":[48],"may":[50],"account":[51],"for":[52,76],"this":[53,102,153],"state":[54],"affairs.":[56],"We":[57],"examine":[58],"sample":[60],"decisions,":[64],"that,":[65],"on":[66,81,187],"hand,":[69,84],"had":[70],"significant":[71],"policy":[72],"systemic":[74],"implications":[75],"WTO":[77],"dispute":[78],"settlement,":[79],"but":[80],"other":[83],"are":[85],"beset":[86],"with":[87],"notable":[88],"flaws.":[89],"While":[90],"it":[91,147],"is":[92,98,151],"human":[93],"to":[94,109,123,165,182,189,204],"err,":[95],"there":[97],"no":[99],"reason":[100],"why":[101],"old":[103],"adage":[104],"should":[105],"not":[106],"be":[107],"applicable":[108],"tribunals,":[111],"by":[112],"developing":[113],"an":[114,180],"overly":[115],"dogmatic":[116],"jurisprudential":[117],"tradition":[118],"potential":[122],"perpetuate":[124],"even":[125],"deficient":[128],"rationale,":[129],"invited":[133],"at":[134],"least":[135],"some":[136],"criticism":[139],"escalated":[141],"political":[143],"maneuvering":[144],"rendered":[146],"inoperative.":[148],"Our":[149],"aspiration":[150],"can":[155],"serve":[156],"source":[159],"valuable":[161],"lessons":[162],"regarding":[163],"how":[164,188],"mitigate":[166],"risks":[168],"adjudicators":[171],"must":[172],"inevitably":[173],"bear":[174],"when":[175],"interpreting":[176],"treaties.":[178],"In":[179],"effort":[181],"trigger":[183],"scholarly":[185],"discussion":[186],"make":[190],"work":[192],"more":[197],"sustainable,":[198],"we":[199],"outline":[200],"possible":[202],"blueprint":[203],"resolve":[205],"current":[207],"deadlock.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-07-09T00:00:00"}