{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383534871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v19i09.37065","title":"Design and Analysis of Wideband Stair Step-Shaped Rectangular Ring Microstrip Antenna with DGS for IoT Applications","display_name":"Design and Analysis of Wideband Stair Step-Shaped Rectangular Ring Microstrip Antenna with DGS for IoT Applications","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383534871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v19i09.37065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3991/ijoe.v19i09.37065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v19i09.37065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v19i09.37065","pdf_url":"https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-joe/article/download/37065/13533","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211237","display_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","issn_l":"2626-8493","issn":["2626-8493"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366716190","host_organization_name":"International Association of Online Engineering","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366716190"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Association of Online Engineering"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-joe/article/download/37065/13533","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046101174","display_name":"Sonu Rana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0409-4396","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0409-4396"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55016150","display_name":"Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/02kf4r633","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253735","https://openalex.org/I55016150"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonu Rana","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRIIRS Faridabad"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0409-4396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRIIRS Faridabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55016150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013875657","display_name":"Jyoti Verma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8289-1908","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8289-1908"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55016150","display_name":"Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/02kf4r633","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253735","https://openalex.org/I55016150"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyoti Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRIIRS Faridabad"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8289-1908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRIIRS Faridabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55016150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064126450","display_name":"Anil Kumar Gautam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7245-359X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7245-359X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3834-1591"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. K. Gautam","raw_affiliation_strings":["GBPIT Pauri"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GBPIT Pauri","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":312},"apc_paid":{"value":290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":312},"fwci":0.5701,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56550327,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"09","first_page":"122","last_page":"130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defected-ground-structure","display_name":"defected ground structure","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-ground-plane","display_name":"partial ground plane","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband-antenna","display_name":"wideband antenna","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impedance-matching","display_name":"impedance matching","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-loss","display_name":"return loss","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-miniaturization","display_name":"antenna miniaturization","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omnidirectional-radiation-pattern","display_name":"omnidirectional radiation pattern","score":0.949999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88764893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1547722","display_name":"Ground plane","level":3,"score":0.7134078145027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.6016660332679749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.547136127948761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159238334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1419428","display_name":"Patch antenna","level":3,"score":0.5294313430786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170349913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13402882","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","level":3,"score":0.49779319763183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.48354506492614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95496425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1466248","display_name":"Monopole antenna","level":3,"score":0.46423783898353577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45318740606307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196901423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933836","display_name":"Return loss","level":3,"score":0.43516814708709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781302577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209","display_name":"Rectangle","level":2,"score":0.4198017120361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93130614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5138671","display_name":"Coaxial antenna","level":4,"score":0.4174356758594513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3905891180038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.37598052620887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.358568012714386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32824844121932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3105173707008362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29921355843544006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2901320159435272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19964882731437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.17952197790145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15446749329566956}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3991/ijoe.v19i09.37065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v19i09.37065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v19i09.37065","pdf_url":"https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-joe/article/download/37065/13533","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211237","display_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","issn_l":"2626-8493","issn":["2626-8493"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366716190","host_organization_name":"International Association of Online Engineering","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366716190"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Association of Online Engineering"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3991/ijoe.v19i09.37065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v19i09.37065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v19i09.37065","pdf_url":"https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-joe/article/download/37065/13533","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211237","display_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","issn_l":"2626-8493","issn":["2626-8493"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366716190","host_organization_name":"International Association of Online Engineering","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366716190"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Association of Online Engineering"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383534871.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383534871.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510852926","https://openalex.org/W1989157780","https://openalex.org/W2006607610","https://openalex.org/W2094070919","https://openalex.org/W2102972539","https://openalex.org/W2118600221","https://openalex.org/W2125291550","https://openalex.org/W2131088849","https://openalex.org/W2164323922","https://openalex.org/W2177381245","https://openalex.org/W2199348282","https://openalex.org/W2223282520","https://openalex.org/W2280660430","https://openalex.org/W2302904211","https://openalex.org/W2303416459","https://openalex.org/W2480846586","https://openalex.org/W2511325455","https://openalex.org/W2528253105","https://openalex.org/W2604353900","https://openalex.org/W2792087465","https://openalex.org/W2794677455","https://openalex.org/W2911497164","https://openalex.org/W2921392572","https://openalex.org/W3084344449","https://openalex.org/W3155586225","https://openalex.org/W3209438174"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011100428","https://openalex.org/W4312449142","https://openalex.org/W4396949482","https://openalex.org/W4407064369","https://openalex.org/W2015056651","https://openalex.org/W4319758600","https://openalex.org/W7166325360","https://openalex.org/W7203770672","https://openalex.org/W2898070995","https://openalex.org/W4399079469"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"miniature":[2],"wideband":[3,19,75],"rectangular":[4,173],"ring":[5,174],"antenna":[6,24,68,79,145,175],"is":[7,13,25,58,112,124,136,146],"proposed":[8,23],"for":[9,181],"4.6\u20136.2":[10,117],"GHz":[11,118],"which":[12],"compatible":[14],"with":[15,70,151],"IoT":[16,182],"applications.":[17,185],"The":[18,74,100,108,141],"response":[20],"of":[21,77,143],"the":[22,37,41,47,61,67,78,97,120,132,144,169],"achieved":[26],"by":[27,83],"a":[28,51,54,178],"partial":[29,62,98],"ground":[30,42,63],"and":[31,39,94,154,166,183],"stair":[32,171],"step":[33],"structure.":[34],"Because":[35],"modifying":[36],"width":[38],"etching":[40],"plane":[43,64],"does":[44],"not":[45],"improve":[46],"impedance":[48],"matching":[49],"over":[50],"large":[52],"bandwidth,":[53],"triangular":[55],"shape":[56],"DGS":[57,86],"inserted":[59],"in":[60,96,159],"to":[65,162],"increase":[66],"bandwidth":[69,111,123],"enhanced":[71],"return":[72,134],"loss.":[73],"features":[76],"were":[80],"explored":[81],"here":[82],"incorporating":[84],"different":[85],"shapes":[87],"such":[88],"as":[89],"triangles,":[90],"rectangle,":[91],"pentagon,":[92],"circle,":[93],"oval":[95],"ground.":[99],"results":[101],"have":[102],"been":[103],"successfully":[104],"verified":[105],"through":[106],"measurement.":[107],"simulated":[109],"fractional":[110,122],"greater":[113,137,147],"than":[114,138,148],"29%":[115],"at":[116,126],"whereas":[119],"measured":[121],"27.6%":[125],"4.75\u20136.2":[127],"GHz.":[128],"In":[129],"both":[130],"cases,":[131],"maximum":[133],"loss":[135],"55":[139],"dB.":[140],"gain":[142],"2.6":[149],"dB":[150],"good":[152],"efficiency":[153],"nearly":[155],"omnidirectional":[156],"radiation":[157],"pattern":[158],"shape.":[160],"Due":[161],"its":[163],"compact":[164],"size":[165],"outstanding":[167],"performance,":[168],"suggested":[170],"stepshaped":[172],"could":[176],"be":[177],"promising":[179],"choice":[180],"wireless":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-07-08T00:00:00"}
