{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383499461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3125463/v1","title":"A Review on the Prevalence and Management of Fibroadenoma Cases in Ages 18-39 Years Within 2016-2020 At Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria.","display_name":"A Review on the Prevalence and Management of Fibroadenoma Cases in Ages 18-39 Years Within 2016-2020 At Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria.","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383499461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3125463/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3125463/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3125463/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3125463/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3125463/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3125463/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093201001","display_name":"Anaziah Grace Ogochukwu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2541-4123","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2541-4123"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87477611","display_name":"Igbinedion University","ror":"https://ror.org/041rwsw06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87477611"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anaziah Grace Ogochukwu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Igbinedion University Okada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Igbinedion University Okada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87477611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093201001"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87477611"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11134","display_name":"Breast Lesions and Carcinomas","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11134","display_name":"Breast Lesions and Carcinomas","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10183","display_name":"Breast Cancer Treatment Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12103","display_name":"Cancer Risks and Factors","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibroadenoma","display_name":"fibroadenoma","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-fibroadenoma","display_name":"breast fibroadenoma","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benign-breast-tumors","display_name":"benign breast tumors","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-women","display_name":"young women","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estrogen-and-progesterone-receptors","display_name":"estrogen and progesterone receptors","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hormone-imbalance","display_name":"hormonal imbalance","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-biopsy","display_name":"breast biopsy","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abuja-nigeria","display_name":"Abuja, Nigeria","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stromal-proliferation","display_name":"stromal cell proliferation","score":0.6570000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776524808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1410808","display_name":"Fibroadenoma","level":4,"score":0.9018633961677551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7457249164581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5335025787353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.5227825045585632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910866450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1410808","display_name":"Breast Fibroadenoma","level":5,"score":0.52171391248703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.4903755187988281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4770740270614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.3984130620956421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1887628734111786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.16327914595603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3125463/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3125463/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3125463/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3125463/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3125463/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3125463/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3125463/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3125463/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383499461.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383499461.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100855749","https://openalex.org/W1971187394","https://openalex.org/W1994201713","https://openalex.org/W2006706594","https://openalex.org/W2021201866","https://openalex.org/W2031173766","https://openalex.org/W2041865868","https://openalex.org/W2054610155","https://openalex.org/W2124336839","https://openalex.org/W2160953368","https://openalex.org/W2321306489"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388451074","https://openalex.org/W2896078199","https://openalex.org/W3019186767","https://openalex.org/W4413599725","https://openalex.org/W7217865713","https://openalex.org/W4200313309","https://openalex.org/W2766365963","https://openalex.org/W4378531133","https://openalex.org/W7203789131","https://openalex.org/W7217070892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Fibroadenomas":[1],"are":[2,402],"one":[3],"of":[4,10,18,27,36,42,100,140,155,173,186,191,204,235,264,272,276,301,335,337,347,358,366,377,389,397,421,431],"the":[5,11,21,24,57,84,98,152,162,171,182,201,205,226,260,265,273,277,282,294,298,313,323,331,338,344,356,364,417,422,429],"most":[6],"common":[7],"benign":[8],"tumors":[9],"breast":[12,38,44,58,73,141,156,278,367,390],"in":[13,56,83,103,117,170,193,200,250,259,343,352,372,416,427,433],"women":[14],"between":[15,105,380],"18\u201339":[16,107,178,195],"years":[17,108,113,133,179,185,295,346,420],"age.":[19],"In":[20],"adolescent":[22],"population,":[23],"overall":[25],"incidence":[26],"fibroadenoma":[28,47,174,192,251,341,398],"is":[29,64,181,424],"2.2%":[30],"and":[31,40,66,114,138,159,210,237,247,256,305,395,412],"they":[32],"account":[33],"for":[34,130],"68%":[35],"all":[37],"masses":[39],"44\u201394%":[41],"biopsied":[43],"lesions.":[45],"A":[46],"feels":[48,76],"like":[49],"a":[50,60,78,90,124,136,167,187,254,348,386],"firm,":[51],"smooth":[52],"or":[53,81],"rubbery":[54],"lump":[55,80],"with":[59,312,326],"well-defined":[61],"shape.":[62],"It":[63],"painless":[65],"moves":[67],"easily":[68],"when":[69],"touched.":[70],"Although":[71],"healthy":[72,409],"tissue":[74],"often":[75],"lumpy,":[77],"new":[79],"change":[82],"breasts":[85],"should":[86],"be":[87,297],"examined":[88],"by":[89,161,316],"physician.":[91],"This":[92],"research":[93,374],"study":[94,134],"was":[95,166],"to":[96,208,214,232,281,330],"determine":[97],"prevalence":[99,190],"Fibroadenoma":[101],"primarily":[102],"females":[104],"ages":[106,110,116,177,194,381],"(with":[109],"<":[111],"18":[112],"post-menopausal":[115],"view)":[118],"at":[119,144,355],"Asokoro":[120,145],"District":[121,146],"Hospital":[122,147],"within":[123],"five-year":[125],"period.":[126],"The":[127,189,245,369],"data":[128,370],"collected":[129,371],"this":[131,286,302,373],"five":[132],"indicated":[135,197],"fall":[137],"rises":[139],"samples":[142],"received":[143,158],"(Clinical":[148],"Pathology":[149],"Unit).":[150],"From":[151],"total":[153],"number":[154,172],"tissues":[157],"processed":[160],"Clinical":[163],"pathologist,":[164],"there":[165],"constant":[168,246],"increase":[169,249],"cases":[175,252,342,379,399],"amongst":[176],"(which":[180],"active":[183,418],"reproductive":[184,202,419],"female).":[188],"years,":[196],"an":[198,289],"instability":[199],"hormones":[203,224],"female":[206],"due":[207],"estrogen":[209],"progesterone":[211],"receptors.":[212],"According":[213],"Greenberg":[215],"R,":[216],"Skornick":[217],"Y,":[218],"Kaplan":[219],"O":[220],"(September":[221],"1998),":[222],"these":[223,378],"stimulated":[225],"fibroadenomas":[227,432],"via":[228],"hormone-receptor":[229],"mechanism":[230],"leading":[231,299],"excessive":[233,283],"proliferation":[234],"epithelial":[236],"stromal":[238,274,306],"cells":[239,275],"but":[240],"undergo":[241],"atrophy":[242],"during":[243],"menopause.":[244],"alarming":[248],"suggests":[253],"progressive":[255],"harbored":[257],"mutations":[258],"exon":[261],"(exon":[262],"2)":[263],"mediator":[266],"complex":[267],"subunit":[268],"12":[269],"(MED12)":[270],"gene":[271],"which":[279,362,384],"leads":[280],"proliferation.":[284],"Hence,":[285],"indicates":[287,385],"that":[288],"unhealthy":[290],"diet":[291],"pattern":[292,411],"over":[293],"could":[296,350],"cause":[300],"hormonal":[303],"imbalance":[304],"cell":[307],"mutation.":[308],"These":[309],"findings":[310],"agree":[311],"discoveries":[314],"made":[315],"Lee":[317],"M,":[318],"Soltanian":[319],"HT":[320],"(2015)":[321],"on":[322],"\u201cconditions":[324],"associated":[325],"fibroadenoma\u201d.":[327],"Furthermore,":[328],"according":[329],"November":[332],"2018":[333],"edition":[334],"\"Fibroadenomas":[336],"Breast\",":[339],"complex/multiple":[340],"pre-menopausal":[345],"female,":[349],"result":[351],"phyllodes":[353],"tumor":[354],"age":[357],"45\u201359":[359],"(post-menopausal":[360],"years)":[361],"increases":[363],"risk":[365,388],"cancer.":[368],"showed":[375],"evidence":[376],"40\u201359":[382],"years.":[383],"growing":[387],"cancer":[391],"each":[392],"year.":[393],"Treatment":[394],"management":[396],"includes":[400],"(but":[401],"not":[403],"limited":[404],"to),":[405],"surgical":[406],"removal,":[407],"proper":[408],"diet/lifestyle":[410],"medical":[413],"counselling":[414],"(especially":[415],"female)":[423],"top":[425],"priority":[426],"reducing":[428],"occurrence":[430],"young":[434],"adults.":[435]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2023-07-08T00:00:00"}
