{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383376983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.121.22165","title":"Profitability and market performance of smallholder potato enterprises in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","display_name":"Profitability and market performance of smallholder potato enterprises in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383376983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.121.22165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18697/ajfand.121.22165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.121.22165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.121.22165","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.121.22165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112978253","display_name":"African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development","issn_l":"1684-5358","issn":["1684-5358","1684-5374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311044","host_organization_name":"African Scholarly Science Communications Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311044"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Scholarly Science Communications Trust"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.121.22165","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114044134","display_name":"Minentle Lwando Mnukwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-1426","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-1426"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ML Mnukwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-1426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050549142","display_name":"Yanga Nontu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4843-9437","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4843-9437"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12553626","display_name":"University of Zululand","ror":"https://ror.org/03v8ter60","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12553626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y Nontu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discipline of Agribusiness, Department of agriculture, University of Zululand, P/Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, 3886","Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Agribusiness, Department of agriculture, University of Zululand, P/Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, 3886","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12553626"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092414941","display_name":"Lwando Mbambalala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2572-274X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2572-274X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Mbambalala","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022121079","display_name":"Lelethu Mdoda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5402-1304","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5402-1304"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Mdoda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064368896","display_name":"Lwandiso Mdiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2207-9261","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2207-9261"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114499477","display_name":"University of Fort Hare","ror":"https://ror.org/0184vwv17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114499477"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Mdiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, 5700","Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, 5700","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114499477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":750},"apc_paid":{"value":750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":750},"fwci":1.225,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82492707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"121","first_page":"23677","last_page":"23703"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.301800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.301800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.2971000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13010","display_name":"Agriculture and Agroindustry Studies","score":0.17159999907016754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farmers","display_name":"smallholder farmers","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability","display_name":"profitability","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-performance","display_name":"market performance","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gross-margin","display_name":"gross margin","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benefit-cost-ratio","display_name":"benefit-cost ratio","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing-margin","display_name":"marketing margin","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potato-marketing","display_name":"potato marketing","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmer-consumer-relations","display_name":"farmer-consumer relations","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agro-food-value-chains","display_name":"agro-food value chains","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eastern-cape","display_name":"Eastern Cape","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-security","display_name":"food security","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-extension-education","display_name":"agricultural extension training","score":0.6460000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15430695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11157999","display_name":"Gross margin","level":3,"score":0.7415565252304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.6728787422180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6482232213020325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189560676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187906","display_name":"Profit margin","level":2,"score":0.5784051418304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.5743546485900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5251709818840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.5111282467842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4973168671131134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129225989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932139","display_name":"Cash crop","level":3,"score":0.47318577766418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.45836079120635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.44290661811828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3449947237968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.29971933364868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.12050417065620422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10394212603569031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18697/ajfand.121.22165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.121.22165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.121.22165","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.121.22165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112978253","display_name":"African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development","issn_l":"1684-5358","issn":["1684-5358","1684-5374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311044","host_organization_name":"African Scholarly Science Communications Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311044"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Scholarly Science Communications Trust"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:ajfand:340713","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/340713/files/Mnukwa.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/340713/files/Mnukwa.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:340713","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/340713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/340713","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.22004/ag.econ.340713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.340713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.340713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18697/ajfand.121.22165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.121.22165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.121.22165","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.121.22165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112978253","display_name":"African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development","issn_l":"1684-5358","issn":["1684-5358","1684-5374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311044","host_organization_name":"African Scholarly Science Communications Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311044"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Scholarly Science Communications Trust"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.9977999925613403,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.991100013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.833299994468689,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383376983.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383376983.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487949011","https://openalex.org/W1970457157","https://openalex.org/W1988822137","https://openalex.org/W1998148929","https://openalex.org/W2023044705","https://openalex.org/W2073955104","https://openalex.org/W2108548079","https://openalex.org/W2127617187","https://openalex.org/W2132308756","https://openalex.org/W2332022973","https://openalex.org/W2606296002","https://openalex.org/W2791052184","https://openalex.org/W2912843884","https://openalex.org/W2981570881","https://openalex.org/W2994867927","https://openalex.org/W3009323122","https://openalex.org/W3016860653","https://openalex.org/W3017326714","https://openalex.org/W3111187438","https://openalex.org/W3137631518","https://openalex.org/W3161450163","https://openalex.org/W3200730643"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387307704","https://openalex.org/W3049526841","https://openalex.org/W4389285803","https://openalex.org/W2981570881","https://openalex.org/W1548794870","https://openalex.org/W2761445447","https://openalex.org/W2626948597","https://openalex.org/W7167900259","https://openalex.org/W2288775379","https://openalex.org/W6911496044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Potato":[0,361],"(Solanum":[1],"tuberosum)":[2],"is":[3,33,42,176,197,329],"one":[4],"of":[5,46,65,112,123,189,203,249,253,320],"the":[6,23,29,43,56,107,121,128,166,173,187,200,210,226,284,316,321],"major":[7,44],"staple":[8],"crops":[9,12],"and":[10,28,41,83,87,109,158,178,184,214,225,233,240,246,255,266,275,301,311,318,342,344],"cash":[11],"in":[13,25,49,58,74,81,85,127,243,251,289],"sub-Saharan":[14],"Africa.":[15,54],"Its":[16],"reputation":[17,40],"continues":[18],"to":[19,22,69,119,138,164,180,199,223,231,283,314,335,345,349],"rise":[20],"due":[21,198],"increase":[24,57],"human":[26],"population":[27],"demand":[30],"for":[31,193,332],"potatoes":[32,222],"predictable.":[34],"Potato-produce":[35],"has":[36],"a":[37,148,295,330],"good":[38],"market":[39,110,195,277,338],"source":[45],"household":[47],"income":[48],"developing":[50],"countries,":[51],"especially":[52,286],"South":[53,75],"However,":[55],"potato":[59,113,125,141,174,280],"enterprise":[60,175,362],"comes":[61],"with":[62],"its":[63],"share":[64],"challenges":[66,80],"that":[67,104,172,209,238,264,272,304,327],"need":[68,331],"be":[70,294],"addressed.":[71],"Smallholder":[72],"farmers":[73,220,229,250,341],"Africa":[76],"are":[77,95,99],"still":[78],"facing":[79],"accessing":[82],"participating":[84],"lucrative":[86],"agro-food":[88],"value":[89],"chains,":[90],"hence":[91],"their":[92],"farm":[93,267],"returns":[94],"very":[96,100],"low.":[97],"There":[98,292],"few":[101],"research":[102,299],"studies":[103],"have":[105],"assessed":[106],"profitability":[108,122],"performance":[111],"enterprises.":[114],"Therefore,":[115],"this":[116,194],"study":[117,169,236,261,325],"aimed":[118],"investigate":[120],"smallholder":[124,204],"enterprises":[126],"Eastern":[129,355],"Cape":[130],"Province.":[131],"A":[132],"multi-stage":[133],"sampling":[134],"procedure":[135],"was":[136],"employed":[137],"select":[139],"160":[140],"farmers.":[142],"Primary":[143],"data":[144],"were":[145,162,217],"collected":[146],"using":[147],"structured":[149],"questionnaire.":[150],"Descriptive":[151],"statistics,":[152],"gross":[153,212],"margin":[154,160],"analysis,":[155],"benefit-cost":[156],"ratio":[157],"marketing":[159,213,254],"analysis":[161,207],"used":[163],"analyze":[165],"data.":[167],"The":[168,191,235,260,324],"results":[170],"reveal":[171],"profitable":[177],"contributes":[179],"farmers'":[181],"well-being.":[182],"Farmers":[183],"sellers":[185],"determined":[186],"price":[188],"potatoes.":[190],"reason":[192],"conduct":[196],"weak":[201],"characterization":[202],"farming.":[205],"Performance":[206],"established":[208,279,297],"total":[211],"profit":[215],"margins":[216],"highest":[218],"when":[219,228],"sold":[221,230],"consumers":[224,343],"lowest":[227],"middlemen":[232],"retailers.":[234],"recommends":[237,263],"policymakers":[239,265],"government":[241,333],"invest":[242],"improving":[244],"infrastructure":[245],"educational":[247],"training":[248,348],"terms":[252],"taking":[256],"farming":[257],"as":[258],"agribusiness.":[259],"further":[262],"organizations":[268],"must":[269,293],"strengthen":[270],"institutions":[271],"take":[273],"reliable":[274],"timely":[276],"information;":[278],"markets":[281],"close":[282],"farmers,":[285],"those":[287],"residing":[288],"rural":[290],"areas.":[291],"partnership":[296],"between":[298,340],"institutes":[300],"universities":[302],"so":[303],"they":[305],"constantly":[306],"contribute":[307],"by":[308],"releasing":[309],"high-yielding":[310],"disease-resistant":[312],"varieties":[313],"advance":[315],"production":[317],"productivity":[319],"vegetable":[322],"sector.":[323],"suggests":[326],"there":[328],"involvement":[334],"create":[336],"strong":[337],"relations":[339],"give":[346],"suitable":[347],"agricultural":[350],"extension":[351],"agents.":[352],"Key":[353],"words:":[354],"Cape,":[356],"Food":[357],"security,":[358],"Gross":[359],"margin,":[360]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-07-07T00:00:00"}
