{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383334873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4502704","title":"Fa\u00e7ade Feature Extraction for Sustainable Urban Planning: Merits and Limitations of Existing Algorithms","display_name":"Fa\u00e7ade Feature Extraction for Sustainable Urban Planning: Merits and Limitations of Existing Algorithms","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383334873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4502704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4502704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4502704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4502704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4502704","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048001433","display_name":"Nada Tarkhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-8063","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-8063"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nada  of Tarkhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent  - affiliation not provided to SSRN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent  - affiliation not provided to SSRN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084028929","display_name":"Christoph F. Reinhart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6311-0416","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6311-0416"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Reinhart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - School of Architecture and Planning","Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - School of Architecture and Planning, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - School of Architecture and Planning","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - School of Architecture and Planning, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090037698","display_name":"Jakub Szcze\u015bniak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0305-0578","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0305-0578"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakub Szcze\u015bniak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent  - affiliation not provided to SSRN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent  - affiliation not provided to SSRN","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048001433"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.44020000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.44020000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.20000000298023224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.18369999527931213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window-detection","display_name":"window detection","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window-to-wall-ratio","display_name":"window-to-wall ratio","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/street-level-imagery","display_name":"street view images","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-height-estimation","display_name":"building height estimation","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-urban-planning","display_name":"sustainable urban planning","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-detection-method","display_name":"hybrid detection","score":0.7409999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5740641355514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5319269895553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4314138889312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.42989468574523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39538106322288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37616851925849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.06714820861816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4502704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4502704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4502704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4502704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4502704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4502704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W189587150","https://openalex.org/W1970015848","https://openalex.org/W1989750313","https://openalex.org/W2007261304","https://openalex.org/W2036670520","https://openalex.org/W2069556841","https://openalex.org/W2110764733","https://openalex.org/W2111284169","https://openalex.org/W2117311720","https://openalex.org/W2285214964","https://openalex.org/W2294516322","https://openalex.org/W2609825896","https://openalex.org/W2745778922","https://openalex.org/W2781228439","https://openalex.org/W2896897156","https://openalex.org/W2898156027","https://openalex.org/W2907470085","https://openalex.org/W2912485210","https://openalex.org/W2921401402","https://openalex.org/W2944679233","https://openalex.org/W2982691905","https://openalex.org/W3004811588","https://openalex.org/W3013497865","https://openalex.org/W3014826928","https://openalex.org/W3027028760","https://openalex.org/W3027996037","https://openalex.org/W3033523448","https://openalex.org/W3034681942","https://openalex.org/W3045697462","https://openalex.org/W3085224744","https://openalex.org/W3159372344","https://openalex.org/W3167595484","https://openalex.org/W3182427292","https://openalex.org/W3210528107","https://openalex.org/W4205970206","https://openalex.org/W4281254374","https://openalex.org/W4292830127","https://openalex.org/W4376619155","https://openalex.org/W6735463952"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392084670","https://openalex.org/W4292830127","https://openalex.org/W7168721831","https://openalex.org/W4323342793","https://openalex.org/W2530589603","https://openalex.org/W2898156027","https://openalex.org/W7160959146","https://openalex.org/W2156551988","https://openalex.org/W2136169041","https://openalex.org/W4399436559"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2023-07-07T00:00:00"}