{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383312295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.205","title":"Risk Perception and Psychosocial Impact During the Early Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers","display_name":"Risk Perception and Psychosocial Impact During the Early Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383312295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.205","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10345860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1192/bjo.2023.205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.205","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/30C0E5B80ED46AB2160F092F5DE2C9E3/S2056472423002053a.pdf/div-class-title-risk-perception-and-psychosocial-impact-during-the-early-period-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-healthcare-workers-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764831659","display_name":"BJPsych Open","issn_l":"2056-4724","issn":["2056-4724"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BJPsych Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/30C0E5B80ED46AB2160F092F5DE2C9E3/S2056472423002053a.pdf/div-class-title-risk-perception-and-psychosocial-impact-during-the-early-period-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-healthcare-workers-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049051187","display_name":"Chau Sian Lim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802225915","display_name":"Changi General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02q854y08","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802225915"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chau Sian Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802225915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112750956","display_name":"Brian See","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802225915","display_name":"Changi General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02q854y08","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802225915"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian See","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802225915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076120822","display_name":"David Choon Liang Teo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5469-3410","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5469-3410"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802225915","display_name":"Changi General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02q854y08","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802225915"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Choon Liang Teo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802225915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113793788","display_name":"Michelle Su Qing Tan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802225915","display_name":"Changi General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02q854y08","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802225915"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle Su Qing Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802225915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074693532","display_name":"Norasyikin Binte Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2136-0526","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2136-0526"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802225915","display_name":"Changi General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02q854y08","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802225915"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norasyikin Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802225915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062601556","display_name":"Augustine K.H. Tee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4798-871X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4798-871X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802225915","display_name":"Changi General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02q854y08","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802225915"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Augustine Tee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802225915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049051187"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802225915"],"apc_list":{"value":3255,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3255},"apc_paid":{"value":3255,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3255},"fwci":0.8963,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70299709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"S1","first_page":"S57","last_page":"S58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10168","display_name":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10168","display_name":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10795","display_name":"Healthcare professionals\u2019 stress and burnout","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12869","display_name":"Occupational Health and Burnout","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-workers","display_name":"healthcare workers","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-risk-perception","display_name":"occupational risk perception","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-impact","display_name":"psychological impact","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"stress","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stigma","display_name":"stigma","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"workload","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nurses","display_name":"nurses","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physicians","display_name":"physicians","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allied-health-professionals","display_name":"allied health professionals","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-experience","display_name":"work experience","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-epidemic","display_name":"SARS epidemic","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singapore-hospitals","display_name":"Singapore hospitals","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dass-21","display_name":"DASS-21","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-health","display_name":"occupational health","score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-acceptance","display_name":"risk acceptance","score":0.7250000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5571823120117188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163355716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154783","display_name":"Risk perception","level":3,"score":0.554789662361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.5487226247787476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150966472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410145","display_name":"Psychosocial","level":2,"score":0.503729522228241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.49519720673561096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781354955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11920938","display_name":"Marital status","level":3,"score":0.4676850438117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.44163069128990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4280202388763428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.426649808883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.312075138092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2988213896751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.15765997767448425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.12744548916816711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1192/bjo.2023.205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.205","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/30C0E5B80ED46AB2160F092F5DE2C9E3/S2056472423002053a.pdf/div-class-title-risk-perception-and-psychosocial-impact-during-the-early-period-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-healthcare-workers-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764831659","display_name":"BJPsych Open","issn_l":"2056-4724","issn":["2056-4724"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BJPsych Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10345860","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10345860","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10345860/pdf/S2056472423002053a.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BJPsych Open","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1192/bjo.2023.205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.205","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/30C0E5B80ED46AB2160F092F5DE2C9E3/S2056472423002053a.pdf/div-class-title-risk-perception-and-psychosocial-impact-during-the-early-period-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-healthcare-workers-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764831659","display_name":"BJPsych Open","issn_l":"2056-4724","issn":["2056-4724"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BJPsych Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.6452000141143799,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383312295.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383312295.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200469143","https://openalex.org/W4220827039","https://openalex.org/W3213753831","https://openalex.org/W4285013332","https://openalex.org/W4226024325","https://openalex.org/W4226322291","https://openalex.org/W3010635792","https://openalex.org/W3083312082","https://openalex.org/W4283713523","https://openalex.org/W3176385424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aims":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2,110],"sought":[3],"to":[4,51,122,190,229,258],"elucidate":[5],"the":[6,15,19,95,112,192,223,263,379],"occupational":[7,66,85,168,195,205,314,363],"health":[8,86,244,315,388],"risk":[9,35,87,128,169,196,206,255,264,316,364,376],"perception":[10,36,88,170,197,312,377],"and":[11,31,37,65,89,94,98,120,137,178,201,248,282,301,308,327,350,368,395],"psychological":[12,38,90],"impact":[13,91],"during":[14,111],"early":[16,380],"phase":[17],"of":[18,77,92,134,140,194,256,267,313,371],"COVID-19":[20,259,381],"pandemic":[21,382],"on":[22,63,84,148,167],"healthcare":[23,272,390],"workers":[24,42,273,323],"in":[25,29,47,53,57,80,217,222,324,333],"a":[26,44,108,149],"general":[27,45],"hospital":[28,46],"Singapore,":[30],"factors":[32,203],"that":[33,209],"influenced":[34],"impact.":[39],"Methods":[40],"Healthcare":[41],"from":[43,107],"Singapore":[48],"were":[49,105,146,171,181,220,235,280,287,339,358],"invited":[50],"participate":[52],"an":[54,253],"online":[55],"survey":[56],"June":[58],"2020.":[59],"It":[60],"posed":[61],"questions":[62],"demographic":[64,202],"information":[67],"(age,":[68],"gender,":[69],"nationality,":[70],"marital":[71],"status,":[72],"profession,":[73,322],"working":[74,78,331,372,399],"area,":[75],"length":[76],"experience":[79,332,400],"healthcare),":[81],"20":[82,103],"items":[83,104],"COVID-19,":[93],"Depression":[96],"Anxiety":[97],"Stress":[99],"Scale-21":[100],"(DASS-21).":[101],"The":[102,335],"adapted":[106],"previous":[109],"2003":[113],"Severe":[114],"Acute":[115],"Respiratory":[116],"Syndrome":[117],"(SARS)":[118],"outbreak":[119],"designed":[121],"assess":[123],"participants\u2019":[124],"perceived":[125,138],"exposure":[126,257],"risk,":[127],"acceptance,":[129],"families\u2019":[130],"perception,":[131,365],"stigmatisation,":[132],"feelings":[133],"appreciation,":[135],"workload,":[136],"effectiveness":[139],"workplace":[141,297],"protective":[142,298],"measures.":[143],"Participants\u2019":[144],"responses":[145,166],"obtained":[147],"6-point":[150],"Likert":[151],"scale":[152],"(strongly":[153],"agree,":[154,155,157],"somewhat":[156,158],"disagree,":[159,160],"strongly":[161],"disagree).":[162],"For":[163],"data":[164],"analysis,":[165],"regrouped":[172],"into":[173,183],"three":[174],"levels.":[175],"Depression,":[176,344],"anxiety,":[177],"stress":[179],"scores":[180,338,357],"categorised":[182],"quartiles.":[184],"Ordinal":[185],"logistics":[186,226],"regression":[187,227],"was":[188,274,317],"used":[189],"compare":[191],"association":[193],"with":[198,204,276,320,329,361,385,397],"DASS-21":[199,337,356],"scores,":[200],"perception.":[207],"Variables":[208],"showed":[210],"statistical":[211],"significance":[212],"(set":[213],"at":[214],"P":[215],"<0.05)":[216],"univariate":[218],"analysis":[219],"included":[221],"multivariate":[224],"ordinal":[225],"model":[228],"identify":[230],"independent":[231],"predictors.":[232],"Results":[233],"There":[234],"1252":[236],"respondents":[237],"(92":[238],"doctors,":[239],"661":[240],"nurses,":[241],"318":[242],"allied":[243],"professionals,":[245],"181":[246],"administrative":[247],"support":[249],"personnel).":[250],"85%":[251],"felt":[252,302],"increased":[254,291],"while":[260],"90%":[261],"accepted":[262],"as":[265],"part":[266],"their":[268,285,305],"jobs.":[269],"Stigmatisation":[270],"against":[271],"present,":[275],"45%":[277],"reported":[278,284],"they":[279],"shunned":[281],"21%":[283],"families":[286],"avoided.":[288],"78%":[289],"experienced":[290],"workload.":[292],"Fortunately,":[293],"most":[294],"(94%)":[295],"found":[296],"measures":[299],"adequate,":[300],"appreciated":[303],"by":[304],"employer":[306],"(87%)":[307],"society":[309],"(81%).":[310],"Increased":[311,355],"significantly":[318,359],"associated":[319,360,384],"nursing":[321],"patient-facing":[325],"areas,":[326],"staff":[328,396],"shortest":[330],"healthcare.":[334],"mean":[336],"9.2":[340],"(borderline":[341,346],"normal)":[342],"for":[343,348,353],"8.5":[345],"mild)":[347],"Anxiety,":[349],"10.9":[351],"(normal)":[352],"Stress.":[354],"greater":[362],"younger":[366,393],"age,":[367],"less":[369],"years":[370],"experience.":[373],"Conclusion":[374],"Occupational":[375],"amid":[378],"is":[383],"adverse":[386],"mental":[387],"among":[389],"workers.":[391],"Nurses,":[392],"staff,":[394],"least":[398],"are":[401],"more":[402],"vulnerable.":[403]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2023-07-07T00:00:00"}