{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382986111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v16i1.54447","title":"Complementary feeding practices among mothers of 6-23 months of aged children at a tertiary level hospital in Nepal","display_name":"Complementary feeding practices among mothers of 6-23 months of aged children at a tertiary level hospital in Nepal","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382986111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v16i1.54447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3126/jgmcn.v16i1.54447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v16i1.54447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v16i1.54447","pdf_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/JGMCN/article/download/54447/42068","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199813","display_name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","issn_l":"2070-4240","issn":["2070-4240","2070-4259"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405257102","host_organization_name":"Gandaki Medical College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/JGMCN/article/download/54447/42068","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064812296","display_name":"Pratima Ghimire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-6630","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-6630"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148523915","display_name":"Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05m5pc269","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148523915"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pratima Ghimire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-6630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148523915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036495799","display_name":"Pratima Pathak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3461-6527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3461-6527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148523915","display_name":"Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05m5pc269","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148523915"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pratima Pathak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148523915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103135374","display_name":"Bijaya Ghimire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-1577","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-1577"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148523915","display_name":"Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05m5pc269","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148523915"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bijaya Ghimire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148523915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041407967","display_name":"Pramila Poudel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6296-4513","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6296-4513"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257102","display_name":"Gandaki Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04wqh1h93","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pramila Poudel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023958974","display_name":"Kunja Shrestha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-6423","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-6423"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148523915","display_name":"Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05m5pc269","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148523915"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunja Shrestha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148523915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013001992","display_name":"Rashmi Gachhadar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8407-1951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8407-1951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260107","display_name":"Institute of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/038ymyw44","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405260107"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rashmi Gachhadar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maharajgunj Nursing Campus, IOM/TU, Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maharajgunj Nursing Campus, IOM/TU, Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260107"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006727594","display_name":"Pooja Gauro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131868736","display_name":"Prince of Songkla University","ror":"https://ror.org/0575ycz84","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pooja Gauro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"27","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.9312000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.9312000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10979","display_name":"Breastfeeding Practices and Influences","score":0.04650000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14495","display_name":"Public Health and Nutrition","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complementary-feeding","display_name":"complementary feeding","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-and-young-child-feeding","display_name":"infant and young child feeding","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-dietary-diversity","display_name":"minimum dietary diversity","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-meal-frequency","display_name":"minimum meal frequency","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-acceptable-diet","display_name":"minimum acceptable diet","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-feeding-practices","display_name":"maternal feeding practices","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breastfeeding","display_name":"breastfeeding","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottle-feeding","display_name":"bottle feeding","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-age","display_name":"child age","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kathmandu","display_name":"Kathmandu","score":0.6179999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776283161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174876","display_name":"Breastfeeding","level":2,"score":0.8094693422317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7872128486633301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.6800884008407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020294031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174876","display_name":"Breast feeding","level":2,"score":0.5758339762687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.5442777276039124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778345441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6460735","display_name":"Meal","level":2,"score":0.5411427021026611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775871700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22728","display_name":"Breast milk","level":2,"score":0.48803988099098206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.45277008414268494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020110884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695416","display_name":"Outpatient clinic","level":2,"score":0.43816718459129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Statistical significance","level":2,"score":0.4254073202610016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.346515417098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.11744111776351929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3126/jgmcn.v16i1.54447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v16i1.54447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v16i1.54447","pdf_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/JGMCN/article/download/54447/42068","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199813","display_name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","issn_l":"2070-4240","issn":["2070-4240","2070-4259"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405257102","host_organization_name":"Gandaki Medical College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:efb52cf80f8f4c368eb36452824fbd31","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/efb52cf80f8f4c368eb36452824fbd31","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 27-34 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3126/jgmcn.v16i1.54447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v16i1.54447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v16i1.54447","pdf_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/JGMCN/article/download/54447/42068","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199813","display_name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","issn_l":"2070-4240","issn":["2070-4240","2070-4259"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405257102","host_organization_name":"Gandaki Medical College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382986111.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382986111.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W805020568","https://openalex.org/W1569636896","https://openalex.org/W2078692307","https://openalex.org/W2085356498","https://openalex.org/W2143188077","https://openalex.org/W2154259812","https://openalex.org/W2289014689","https://openalex.org/W2345631887","https://openalex.org/W2509281936","https://openalex.org/W2556624540","https://openalex.org/W2591434189","https://openalex.org/W2741021227","https://openalex.org/W2758621915","https://openalex.org/W2768560596","https://openalex.org/W2800177509","https://openalex.org/W2998470175","https://openalex.org/W3010221100","https://openalex.org/W3111843191","https://openalex.org/W3116022923","https://openalex.org/W3183764123","https://openalex.org/W4200090931","https://openalex.org/W4251953096","https://openalex.org/W4383677378","https://openalex.org/W4392145873"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2777413795","https://openalex.org/W2556624540","https://openalex.org/W7166683947","https://openalex.org/W4312114409","https://openalex.org/W4400287158","https://openalex.org/W3010221100","https://openalex.org/W3132537931","https://openalex.org/W3031330343","https://openalex.org/W7127048213","https://openalex.org/W2078692307"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Complementary":[1],"feeding":[2,42,187,205,235],"is":[3,12],"defined":[4],"as":[5,180,201,203],"the":[6,18,40,70,113,222],"process":[7],"starting":[8],"when":[9],"breast":[10,32],"milk":[11],"no":[13],"longer":[14],"sufficient":[15],"to":[16,38,79,178,208,230],"meet":[17],"nutritional":[19],"requirements":[20],"of":[21,46,49,63,66,128,160,175],"infants":[22],"then":[23],"other":[24,238],"foods":[25],"and":[26,74,88,107,117,136,152,171,185,197],"liquids":[27],"are":[28],"needed,":[29],"along":[30,182,198],"with":[31,168,183,195,199,215],"milk.":[33],"This":[34,218],"study":[35,55,219],"was":[36,56,86,141],"conducted":[37,57],"assess":[39],"complementary":[41,234],"practice":[43],"among":[44,60],"mothers":[45,62],"6-23":[47,64],"months":[48,65,163,190,210,226],"aged":[50,67,224],"children.":[51],"Methods:":[52],"A":[53,82],"cross-sectional":[54],"in":[58],"Kathmandu":[59],"240":[61],"children":[68,223],"attending":[69],"pediatric":[71],"outpatient":[72],"department":[73],"community":[75],"medicine":[76],"from":[77],"June":[78],"September,":[80],"2022.":[81],"purposive":[83],"sampling":[84],"technique":[85],"used":[87,121],"data":[89,102],"were":[90,103,120,164,191,211,227],"collected":[91],"using":[92],"a":[93,97],"structured":[94],"questionnaire":[95],"through":[96],"face-to-face":[98],"interview.":[99],"The":[100,126],"obtained":[101],"entered":[104],"into":[105,109],"Epi-data":[106],"converted":[108],"Statistical":[110],"Package":[111],"for":[112,122],"Social":[114],"Sciences-20.":[115],"Descriptive":[116],"inferential":[118],"statistics":[119],"statistical":[123],"analysis.":[124],"Results:":[125],"prevalence":[127],"Minimum":[129,137],"Dietary":[130],"Diversity":[131],"(MDD),Minimum":[132],"Meal":[133],"Frequency":[134],"(MMF),":[135],"Acceptable":[138],"Diet":[139],"(MAD)":[140],"49.16%":[142],"(0.42-0.55,":[143],"95%":[144,149,155],"Confidence":[145,150,156],"Interval),":[146],"44.58%":[147],"(0.48-0.61,":[148],"Interval)":[151,157],"27.91%":[153],"(0.65-0.77,":[154],"respectively.":[158,173],"Children":[159],"age":[161],"18-23":[162,225],"statistically":[165,192,212],"significantly":[166,193,213],"associated":[167,194,214],"MDD,":[169],"MMF,":[170],"MAD":[172],"Type":[174],"family,":[176],"listening":[177],"radio":[179],"media,":[181],"breastfeeding":[184,200],"bottle":[186,204],"since":[188,206],"six":[189,209],"MMF":[196],"well":[202],"birth":[207],"MAD.":[216],"Conclusions:":[217],"concluded":[220],"that":[221],"more":[228],"likely":[229],"have":[231],"recommended":[232],"standard":[233],"practices":[236],"than":[237],"younger-aged":[239],"groups.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-07-04T00:00:00"}