{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382892970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i6.23","title":"Modulatory Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Gongronema latifolium (asclepiadaceae) on Some Natural and Adaptive Immune Responses in Rodents","display_name":"Modulatory Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Gongronema latifolium (asclepiadaceae) on Some Natural and Adaptive Immune Responses in Rodents","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382892970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i6.23"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26538/tjnpr/v7i6.23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i6.23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i6.23","pdf_url":"https://tjnpr.org/index.php/home/article/download/2107/2948","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230334","display_name":"Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research","issn_l":"2616-0684","issn":["2616-0684","2616-0692"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317826","host_organization_name":"University of Bern","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317826"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Bern"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://tjnpr.org/index.php/home/article/download/2107/2948","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chioma Igwilo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chioma Igwilo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066808400","display_name":"Moses Ikegbunam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5264-9256","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5264-9256"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moses Ikegbunam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Stella A. Ihim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stella A. Ihim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Physical Sciences; University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Physical Sciences; University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Collins A. Onyeto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Collins A. Onyeto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112225593","display_name":"CEC Ugwoke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher E.C. Ugwoke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacognosy & Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacognosy & Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Njideka Onyia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Njideka Onyia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Enugu State University of Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Enugu State University of Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141613536","display_name":"Chukwuemeka S. Nworu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chukwuemeka S. Nworu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.277,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47427857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.7875999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.7875999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12298","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants","score":0.14270000159740448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13919","display_name":"Medicinal plant effects and applications","score":0.030799999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gongronema-latifolium","display_name":"Gongronema latifolium","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aqueous-leaf-extract","display_name":"aqueous leaf extract","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunomodulation","display_name":"immunomodulation","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-type-hypersensitivity","display_name":"delayed-type hypersensitivity","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phagocytosis","display_name":"phagocytosis","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humoral-immune-response","display_name":"humoral immune response","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/igg","display_name":"IgG","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophils","display_name":"neutrophils","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclophosphamide-induced-immunosuppression","display_name":"cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicinal-plants","display_name":"medicinal plants","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asclepiadaceae","display_name":"Asclepiadaceae","score":0.8460000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6638626456260681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.529835045337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.526516318321228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908822","display_name":"Toxoid","level":4,"score":0.5148264765739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.5047496557235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776755627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408524","display_name":"Cyclophosphamide","level":3,"score":0.481388121843338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776946954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420291","display_name":"Ovalbumin","level":3,"score":0.4716868996620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.44507041573524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.39614230394363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.34596168994903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization","level":3,"score":0.23149001598358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776694085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974135","display_name":"Chemotherapy","level":2,"score":0.0842275619506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26538/tjnpr/v7i6.23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i6.23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i6.23","pdf_url":"https://tjnpr.org/index.php/home/article/download/2107/2948","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230334","display_name":"Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research","issn_l":"2616-0684","issn":["2616-0684","2616-0692"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317826","host_organization_name":"University of Bern","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317826"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Bern"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.tjnpr.org:article/2107","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.tjnpr.org/index.php/home/article/view/2107","pdf_url":"https://www.tjnpr.org/index.php/home/article/download/2107/2948","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230334","display_name":"Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research","issn_l":"2616-0684","issn":["2616-0684","2616-0692"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317826","host_organization_name":"University of Bern","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317826"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Bern"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR); Vol. 7 No. 6 (2023): Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR); 3223-3229","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.26538/tjnpr/v7i6.23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i6.23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i6.23","pdf_url":"https://tjnpr.org/index.php/home/article/download/2107/2948","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230334","display_name":"Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research","issn_l":"2616-0684","issn":["2616-0684","2616-0692"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317826","host_organization_name":"University of Bern","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317826"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Bern"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382892970.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382892970.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W207706965","https://openalex.org/W1524720022","https://openalex.org/W2042464457","https://openalex.org/W2048448042","https://openalex.org/W2061529144","https://openalex.org/W2130594874","https://openalex.org/W2162266655","https://openalex.org/W3033069182","https://openalex.org/W3096340664","https://openalex.org/W3156072667","https://openalex.org/W3187344277","https://openalex.org/W4254618769"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7058205043","https://openalex.org/W2186486806","https://openalex.org/W4312375112","https://openalex.org/W4205378836","https://openalex.org/W2674018019","https://openalex.org/W2123932611","https://openalex.org/W2158499962","https://openalex.org/W2181404002","https://openalex.org/W2994408938","https://openalex.org/W2404755971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gongronema":[0,227],"latifolium":[1,41,228],"(GL)":[2],"is":[3,17],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"by":[6],"indigenous":[7],"communities":[8],"in":[9,52,57,104,114,159,191,208,210],"southern":[10],"Nigeria":[11],"as":[12],"a":[13,105,118,133,188],"food":[14],"spice":[15],"and":[16,27,48,56,85,141,195,233,252],"known":[18],"for":[19],"its":[20],"rich":[21],"natural":[22],"compounds":[23],"with":[24,123],"significant":[25,134,189],"biological":[26],"pharmacological":[28],"properties.":[29],"This":[30],"prompted":[31],"the":[32,35,38,164,209,215,223,247],"investigation":[33],"into":[34],"effects":[36,61,251],"of":[37,62,71,92,137,147,167,180,226],"aqueous":[39,224],"G.":[40],"leaf":[42],"extract":[43,225],"(AGL)":[44],"on":[45,64],"several":[46],"specific":[47],"non-specific":[49],"immune":[50,235,248],"responses":[51],"rodent":[53],"(mice)":[54],"models":[55],"vitro":[58,211],"essay.":[59],"The":[60,143],"AGL":[63,93,181,213],"delayed-type":[65],"hypersensitivity":[66],"(DTH)":[67],"response,":[68],"phagocytic":[69,145],"activities":[70],"monocytic":[72],"cells":[73],"using":[74],"carbon":[75,148],"clearance":[76,149],"assay,":[77,212],"haemolytic":[78],"complement":[79,217],"activation":[80],"test,":[81],"antibody":[82],"expression":[83],"studies,":[84],"cyclophosphamide-induced":[86,175],"neutropenia":[87],"assay":[88],"were":[89,150],"examined.":[90],"Administration":[91],"(100,":[94,182],"200,":[95,183],"or":[96,127,184],"400":[97,185],"mg/kg)":[98,186],"significantly":[99,151],"(p<0.05)":[100,135],"increased":[101],"footpad":[102],"inflammation":[103],"dose-related":[106],"manner":[107],"at":[108,163],"24":[109],"hours":[110],"after":[111,156,174],"antigen":[112],"challenge":[113],"DTH":[115],"studies.":[116],"In":[117,171],"homologous":[119],"prime-boost":[120],"immunization":[121],"strategy":[122],"tetanus":[124],"toxoid":[125],"(TT)":[126],"ovalbumin":[128],"(OVA)":[129],"antigens,":[130],"there":[131],"was":[132],"elevation":[136],"total":[138,192],"immunoglobulin,":[139],"IgG,":[140],"IgG1.":[142],"mean":[144],"indices":[146],"(p":[152],"<":[153],"0.05)":[154],"greater":[155,204],"oral":[157],"delivery":[158],"treated":[160],"groups,":[161],"even":[162],"lowest":[165],"dose":[166],"100":[168],"mg":[169],"AGL/kg.":[170],"immunocompromised":[172],"mice,":[173],"immunosuppression,":[176],"short-term":[177],"daily":[178],"supplementation":[179],"produced":[187],"increase":[190],"neutrophil":[193],"count":[194],"affected":[196],"other":[197],"leukocyte":[198],"differential":[199],"counts.":[200],"At":[201],"all":[202],"concentrations":[203],"than":[205],"125":[206],"g/ml":[207],"inhibited":[214],"classical":[216],"system.":[218],"These":[219],"findings":[220],"indicate":[221],"that":[222],"may":[229],"enhance":[230],"both":[231],"cellular":[232],"humoral":[234],"responses.":[236],"Consequently,":[237],"further":[238],"research":[239],"will":[240],"be":[241],"needed":[242],"to":[243],"learn":[244],"more":[245],"about":[246],"system's":[249],"strengthening":[250],"mechanisms.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2023-07-03T00:00:00"}
