{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382810070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol2.iss50.3126","title":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629)","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629)","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382810070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol2.iss50.3126"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31185/lark.vol2.iss50.3126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol2.iss50.3126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol2.iss50.3126","pdf_url":"https://lark.uowasit.edu.iq/index.php/lark/article/download/3126/2051","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228870","display_name":"\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0643","issn_l":"1999-5601","issn":["1999-5601","2663-5836"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4363603785","host_organization_name":"Wassit University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4363603785"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wassit University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0643","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://lark.uowasit.edu.iq/index.php/lark/article/download/3126/2051","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092377646","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Al-Nahrain University College: Faculty of Law","\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642/ \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Al-Nahrain University College: Faculty of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642/ \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001057476","display_name":"\u0623. \u062f. \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0648\u064a\u0646","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0623.\u0645. \u062f \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0648\u064a\u0646","raw_affiliation_strings":["Al-Nahrain University College: Faculty of Law","\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642/ \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Al-Nahrain University College: Faculty of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642/ \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"50","first_page":"376","last_page":"355"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.8442000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.8442000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.1404000073671341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arrests","display_name":"arrests","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pretrial-detention","display_name":"pretrial detention","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-procedure","display_name":"criminal procedure","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-freedom","display_name":"individual liberty","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-criminal-procedure","display_name":"comparative criminal procedure","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-security","display_name":"public security","score":0.4440000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30967023968696594}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31185/lark.vol2.iss50.3126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol2.iss50.3126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol2.iss50.3126","pdf_url":"https://lark.uowasit.edu.iq/index.php/lark/article/download/3126/2051","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228870","display_name":"\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0643","issn_l":"1999-5601","issn":["1999-5601","2663-5836"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4363603785","host_organization_name":"Wassit University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4363603785"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wassit University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0643","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31185/lark.vol2.iss50.3126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol2.iss50.3126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol2.iss50.3126","pdf_url":"https://lark.uowasit.edu.iq/index.php/lark/article/download/3126/2051","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228870","display_name":"\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0643","issn_l":"1999-5601","issn":["1999-5601","2663-5836"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4363603785","host_organization_name":"Wassit University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4363603785"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wassit University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0643","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382810070.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382810070.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399307941","https://openalex.org/W4399172456","https://openalex.org/W7063574823","https://openalex.org/W4399155623","https://openalex.org/W4399172931","https://openalex.org/W6991567748","https://openalex.org/W294112496","https://openalex.org/W2580699124","https://openalex.org/W4402445034","https://openalex.org/W4313335392"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a":[0],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[1],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[2],"\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639":[3],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641":[4,76,102],"\u0641\u064a":[5,23,72,79,99],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646":[6],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629":[7],"\u060c":[8,36,86],"\u0625\u0630":[9],"\u064a\u0639\u062f":[10],"\u0625\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641":[11],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635":[12],"\u0623\u062d\u062f":[13],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a":[14],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[15],"\u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623":[16],"\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644":[17],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629":[18],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629":[19],"\u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621":[20],"\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637":[21],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a":[22],"\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644":[24],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a":[25],"\u0639\u0646":[26,58,61],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645":[27],"\u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637":[28],"\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627":[29],"\u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641":[30],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629":[31,88],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[32,38,89],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646":[33],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645":[34],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645":[35],"\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628":[37],"\u0630\u0644\u0643":[39,97],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636":[40],"\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629":[41],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629":[42],"\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f":[43],"\u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c":[44],"\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643":[45,56],"\u0645\u0646":[46],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[47],"\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641":[48],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635":[49],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[50],"\u064a\u0636\u0639":[51],"\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647":[52],"\u0648\u0628\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647":[53],"\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639":[54],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a":[55],"\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a":[57],"\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647":[59],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641":[60],"\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629":[62],"\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647\u060c":[63],"\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643":[64],"\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641":[65],"\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629":[66],"\u0639\u0645\u0627":[67],"\u0625\u0630\u0627":[68],"\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a":[69],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a":[70],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629":[71],"\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627":[73],"\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627":[74],"\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639":[75],"\u0642\u062f":[77],"\u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a":[78],"\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629":[80],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646":[81],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[82],"\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[83],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639":[84],"\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647":[85],"\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646":[87],"\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629":[90],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f":[91],"\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645":[92],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633":[93],"\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c":[94],"\u0645\u0645\u0627":[95],"\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0646\u0627":[96],"\u0644\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636":[98],"\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629":[100],"\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645":[101],"\u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637":[103],"\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647":[104],"\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645":[105],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[106],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b":[107],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[108],"\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646":[109],".":[110]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2023-07-02T00:00:00"}