{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382808301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023030","title":"The effect of recrystallization annealing on the tungsten surface carbidization in a beam plasma discharge","display_name":"The effect of recrystallization annealing on the tungsten surface carbidization in a beam plasma discharge","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382808301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3934/matersci.2023030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023030","pdf_url":"http://www.aimspress.com/aimspress-data/aimsmates/2023/3/PDF/matersci-10-03-030.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234426","display_name":"AIMS Materials Science","issn_l":"2372-0468","issn":["2372-0468","2372-0484"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315842","host_organization_name":"AIMS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315842"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIMS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIMS Materials Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://www.aimspress.com/aimspress-data/aimsmates/2023/3/PDF/matersci-10-03-030.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015587637","display_name":"\u041c\u0430zhyn Skakov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3716-8846","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3716-8846"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096915","display_name":"Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00vj0q898","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132247","display_name":"National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/02nqtsx95","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mazhyn Skakov","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan","S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111030279","display_name":"Victor Baklanov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132247","display_name":"National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/02nqtsx95","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Baklanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["\"Institute of Atomic Energy\" Branch RSE NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\"Institute of Atomic Energy\" Branch RSE NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066622270","display_name":"Gainiya Zhanbolatova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4423-4349","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4423-4349"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096915","display_name":"Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00vj0q898","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132247","display_name":"National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/02nqtsx95","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gainiya Zhanbolatova","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan","S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027327783","display_name":"\u0410. Zh. Miniyazov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2188-8075","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2188-8075"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132247","display_name":"National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/02nqtsx95","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159258","display_name":"Shakarim University","ror":"https://ror.org/052q3p191","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159258"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arman Miniyazov","raw_affiliation_strings":["\"Institute of Atomic Energy\" Branch RSE NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan","ShakarimUniversity, Semey, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\"Institute of Atomic Energy\" Branch RSE NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShakarimUniversity, Semey, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159258"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090088069","display_name":"Igor A. Sokolov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7665-4022","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7665-4022"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132247","display_name":"National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/02nqtsx95","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159258","display_name":"Shakarim University","ror":"https://ror.org/052q3p191","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159258"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igor Sokolov","raw_affiliation_strings":["\"Institute of Atomic Energy\" Branch RSE NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan","ShakarimUniversity, Semey, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\"Institute of Atomic Energy\" Branch RSE NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShakarimUniversity, Semey, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159258"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067775823","display_name":"Yernat A. Kozhakhmetov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6778-1898","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6778-1898"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132247","display_name":"National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/02nqtsx95","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yernat Kozhakhmetov","raw_affiliation_strings":["\"Institute of Atomic Energy\" Branch RSE NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\"Institute of Atomic Energy\" Branch RSE NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044571673","display_name":"\u0422. \u0420. \u0422\u0443\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1541-6231","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1541-6231"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132247","display_name":"National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/02nqtsx95","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159258","display_name":"Shakarim University","ror":"https://ror.org/052q3p191","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159258"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timur Tulenbergenov","raw_affiliation_strings":["\"Institute of Atomic Energy\" Branch RSE NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan","ShakarimUniversity, Semey, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\"Institute of Atomic Energy\" Branch RSE NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShakarimUniversity, Semey, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159258"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044558136","display_name":"Nuriya Mukhamedova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4189-6539","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4189-6539"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132247","display_name":"National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/02nqtsx95","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuriya Mukhamedova","raw_affiliation_strings":["\"Institute of Atomic Energy\" Branch RSE NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\"Institute of Atomic Energy\" Branch RSE NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078817782","display_name":"Olga S. Bukina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2564-0421","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2564-0421"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132247","display_name":"National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/02nqtsx95","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olga Bukina","raw_affiliation_strings":["\"Institute of Atomic Energy\" Branch RSE NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\"Institute of Atomic Energy\" Branch RSE NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019741281","display_name":"\u0410. \u0412. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0435\u0432","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2803-5972","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2803-5972"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30849647","display_name":"Tomsk Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a45v709","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30849647"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096915","display_name":"Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00vj0q898","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132247","display_name":"National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/02nqtsx95","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159258","display_name":"Shakarim University","ror":"https://ror.org/052q3p191","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159258"]}],"countries":["KZ","RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Gradoboev","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia","National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan","S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan","ShakarimUniversity, Semey, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30849647"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132247"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShakarimUniversity, Semey, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159258"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019741281"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30849647","https://openalex.org/I4210096915","https://openalex.org/I4210132247","https://openalex.org/I4210159258"],"apc_list":{"value":300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":300},"apc_paid":{"value":300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":300},"fwci":0.4718,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47070358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"541","last_page":"555"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10592","display_name":"Fusion materials and technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10592","display_name":"Fusion materials and technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12077","display_name":"Vacuum and Plasma Arcs","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tungsten","display_name":"tungsten","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recrystallization-annealing","display_name":"recrystallization annealing","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tungsten-carbide","display_name":"tungsten carbide","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-plasma-discharge","display_name":"beam-plasma discharge","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-facing-materials","display_name":"plasma-facing materials","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iter-divertor","display_name":"ITER divertor","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-diffusion","display_name":"carbon diffusion","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methane-plasma","display_name":"methane plasma","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-beam-heating","display_name":"electron beam heating","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isothermal-annealing","display_name":"isothermal annealing","score":0.9459999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542268612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743","display_name":"Tungsten","level":2,"score":0.8647521734237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.644752562046051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339544","display_name":"Annealing (glass)","level":2,"score":0.620212197303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777017188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230603","display_name":"Divertor","level":4,"score":0.592924177646637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195702682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623318","display_name":"Recrystallization (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5836460590362549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779698641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5309","display_name":"Graphite","level":2,"score":0.4641697406768799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.4184534549713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.35514259338378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116515362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188589","display_name":"Tokamak","level":3,"score":0.293591171503067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0579831600189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3934/matersci.2023030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023030","pdf_url":"http://www.aimspress.com/aimspress-data/aimsmates/2023/3/PDF/matersci-10-03-030.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234426","display_name":"AIMS Materials Science","issn_l":"2372-0468","issn":["2372-0468","2372-0484"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315842","host_organization_name":"AIMS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315842"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIMS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIMS Materials Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6528710803564ab6876fca2abe531c24","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6528710803564ab6876fca2abe531c24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AIMS Materials Science, Vol 10, Iss 3, Pp 541-555 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3934/matersci.2023030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023030","pdf_url":"http://www.aimspress.com/aimspress-data/aimsmates/2023/3/PDF/matersci-10-03-030.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234426","display_name":"AIMS Materials Science","issn_l":"2372-0468","issn":["2372-0468","2372-0484"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315842","host_organization_name":"AIMS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315842"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIMS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIMS Materials Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382808301.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382808301.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1273265544","https://openalex.org/W2001811513","https://openalex.org/W2008304910","https://openalex.org/W2012694767","https://openalex.org/W2051477721","https://openalex.org/W2060766156","https://openalex.org/W2067683913","https://openalex.org/W2073824501","https://openalex.org/W2076674540","https://openalex.org/W2088808435","https://openalex.org/W2098632424","https://openalex.org/W2102138421","https://openalex.org/W2117642938","https://openalex.org/W2139350443","https://openalex.org/W2170214641","https://openalex.org/W2390524640","https://openalex.org/W2607579852","https://openalex.org/W2963265004","https://openalex.org/W2963671318","https://openalex.org/W3022793448","https://openalex.org/W3044591691","https://openalex.org/W3087600730","https://openalex.org/W3175306620","https://openalex.org/W3215885906","https://openalex.org/W3216205723","https://openalex.org/W3216709059","https://openalex.org/W4200531605","https://openalex.org/W4211041228","https://openalex.org/W4214884989","https://openalex.org/W4296004695","https://openalex.org/W4308392112","https://openalex.org/W4312053264","https://openalex.org/W4313594476","https://openalex.org/W4328097658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404330090","https://openalex.org/W4200531605","https://openalex.org/W3164171272","https://openalex.org/W3215885906","https://openalex.org/W4383737092","https://openalex.org/W7034461713","https://openalex.org/W7199544717","https://openalex.org/W4308392112","https://openalex.org/W841260484","https://openalex.org/W2094391336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tungsten":[0],"was":[1,124],"chosen":[2],"as":[3,20],"the":[4,10,28,36,40,43,56,59,66,69,81,85,105,132,156,159,169,176,182,188],"plasma":[5,49,87],"facing":[6],"material":[7],"(PFM)":[8],"of":[9,42,45,58,61,68,80,88,98,107,110,119,137,143,158,178,185,190],"ITER":[11],"divertor.":[12],"However,":[13],"graphite":[14],"and":[15,95,149,187],"carbon-graphite":[16],"materials":[17,30],"are":[18],"used":[19,153],"PFM":[21],"in":[22,38,72,104,127,131,168,181],"some":[23],"research":[24],"thermonuclear":[25],"facilities,":[26],"including":[27],"Kazakhstan":[29],"science":[31],"tokamak.":[32,90],"This":[33,51],"circumstance":[34],"determines":[35],"interest":[37],"continuing":[39],"study":[41,57],"formation":[44,189],"mixed":[46],"layers":[47],"under":[48],"irradiation.":[50],"article":[52],"is":[53,78],"devoted":[54],"to":[55,83,154],"effect":[60],"preliminary":[62,93],"recrystallization":[63,173],"annealing":[64,97,123,174],"on":[65,92],"carbidization":[67,118],"tungsten":[70,99,111,120,160,186,191],"surface":[71],"a":[73,89,128,135,141],"beam-plasma":[74],"discharge":[75],"(BPD),":[76],"which":[77],"one":[79],"ways":[82],"simulate":[84],"peripheral":[86],"Experiments":[91],"isochoric":[94],"isothermal":[96],"samples":[100,112,121],"were":[101,152],"carried":[102,125],"out":[103,126],"mode":[106],"direct":[108],"heating":[109],"by":[113],"an":[114],"electron":[115],"beam.":[116],"The":[117],"after":[122],"methane":[129],"atmosphere":[130],"BPD":[133],"at":[134],"temperature":[136],"1000":[138],"\u2103":[139],"for":[140],"duration":[142],"3600":[144],"s.":[145],"Optical":[146],"microscopy":[147],"(OM)":[148],"X-ray":[150],"diffraction":[151],"analyze":[155],"structure":[157,170],"surface.":[161],"It":[162],"has":[163],"been":[164],"established":[165],"that":[166],"differences":[167],"arising":[171],"during":[172],"affect":[175],"transfer":[177],"carbon":[179],"atoms":[180],"near-surface":[183],"area":[184],"carbides":[192],"(WC":[193],"or":[194],"W2C).":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2023-07-02T00:00:00"}
