{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382776854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v34i2.1292","title":"Deep Learning for Fake News Detection: Literature Review","display_name":"Deep Learning for Fake News Detection: Literature Review","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382776854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v34i2.1292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23851/mjs.v34i2.1292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v34i2.1292","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v34i2.1292","pdf_url":"https://mjs.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/MJS/article/download/1292/674","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764997024","display_name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"1814-635X","issn":["1814-635X","2521-3520"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366721236","host_organization_name":"Mustansiriyah University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366721236"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mustansiriyah University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://mjs.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/MJS/article/download/1292/674","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075244757","display_name":"Mohammed Haqqi Al-Tai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-0926","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-0926"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15873915","display_name":"Mustansiriyah University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s04wy35","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Haqi Al-Tai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, 10052 Baghdad, IRAQ"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-0926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, 10052 Baghdad, IRAQ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073399240","display_name":"Bashar M. Nema","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2108-5061","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2108-5061"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15873915","display_name":"Mustansiriyah University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s04wy35","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bashar M. Nema","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, 10052 Baghdad, IRAQ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, 10052 Baghdad, IRAQ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020826866","display_name":"Ali Al-Sherbaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4208-6696","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4208-6696"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114203471","display_name":"University of Gloucestershire","ror":"https://ror.org/00wygct11","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114203471"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Al-Sherbaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cybersecurity & Computing Department, University of Gloucestershire, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cybersecurity & Computing Department, University of Gloucestershire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114203471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.6706,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99424306,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"2","first_page":"70","last_page":"81"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news-detection","display_name":"fake news detection","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"misinformation","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"deep learning","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-networks","display_name":"recurrent neural networks","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-model-approach","display_name":"multi-model approach","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embeddings","display_name":"word embeddings","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-mechanism","display_name":"attention mechanism","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news-datasets","display_name":"fake news datasets","score":0.7250000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.8225682973861694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7265087962150574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7258422374725342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.6717870831489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.6714970469474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.636017382144928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.5955286026000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.5754417181015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5474817752838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5147593021392822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4404909014701843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.37299954891204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.10785388946533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10471290349960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23851/mjs.v34i2.1292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v34i2.1292","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v34i2.1292","pdf_url":"https://mjs.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/MJS/article/download/1292/674","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764997024","display_name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"1814-635X","issn":["1814-635X","2521-3520"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366721236","host_organization_name":"Mustansiriyah University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366721236"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mustansiriyah University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:03a85a6375c24a9c9d0f354245951f47","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/03a85a6375c24a9c9d0f354245951f47","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science, Vol 34, Iss 2 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.23851/mjs.v34i2.1292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v34i2.1292","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v34i2.1292","pdf_url":"https://mjs.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/MJS/article/download/1292/674","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764997024","display_name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"1814-635X","issn":["1814-635X","2521-3520"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366721236","host_organization_name":"Mustansiriyah University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366721236"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mustansiriyah University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311732","display_name":"University of Gloucestershire","ror":"https://ror.org/00wygct11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328902","display_name":"Mustansiriyah University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s04wy35"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382776854.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382776854.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2582561810","https://openalex.org/W2611921107","https://openalex.org/W2625555835","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2763699126","https://openalex.org/W2807164052","https://openalex.org/W2809254203","https://openalex.org/W2883775592","https://openalex.org/W2904702542","https://openalex.org/W2951031155","https://openalex.org/W2952632192","https://openalex.org/W2967982882","https://openalex.org/W2994071599","https://openalex.org/W3001895040","https://openalex.org/W3018807723","https://openalex.org/W3022924198","https://openalex.org/W3091481179","https://openalex.org/W3126709564","https://openalex.org/W3131247433","https://openalex.org/W3139253735","https://openalex.org/W3157420572","https://openalex.org/W3158885939","https://openalex.org/W3168667219","https://openalex.org/W3193054117","https://openalex.org/W3216370178","https://openalex.org/W4226425322","https://openalex.org/W7062259839","https://openalex.org/W7066191072"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406668622","https://openalex.org/W3158885939","https://openalex.org/W4399320662","https://openalex.org/W4408200953","https://openalex.org/W4414201470","https://openalex.org/W4395704633","https://openalex.org/W7160297269","https://openalex.org/W3216370178","https://openalex.org/W7118180464","https://openalex.org/W4408077673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,45],"use":[1,81,111,134],"of":[2,20,26,47,112,135],"Deep":[3,22],"Learning":[4],"(DL)":[5],"for":[6,126],"identifying":[7],"false":[8],"or":[9],"misleading":[10],"information,":[11],"known":[12],"as":[13,86,96,98],"fake":[14,43,48,104],"news,":[15],"is":[16],"a":[17,24],"growing":[18],"area":[19],"research.":[21],"learning,":[23],"form":[25],"machine":[27],"learning":[28,83,143],"that":[29,80],"utilizes":[30],"algorithms":[31],"to":[32,54,66,69,102,116,119,144],"learn":[33],"from":[34],"large":[35],"data":[36],"sets,":[37],"has":[38,62],"shown":[39],"promise":[40],"in":[41,139],"detecting":[42],"news.":[44,105],"spread":[46],"news":[49],"can":[50],"cause":[51],"significant":[52],"harm":[53],"society":[55],"economically,":[56],"politically,":[57],"and":[58,60,71,91,122],"socially,":[59],"it":[61],"become":[63],"increasingly":[64],"important":[65],"find":[67],"ways":[68],"detect":[70,103],"stop":[72],"its":[73],"spread.":[74],"This":[75],"paper":[76,131],"examines":[77],"current":[78],"studies":[79],"deep":[82,142],"methods,":[84],"such":[85],"Convolutional":[87],"Neural":[88,93],"Networks":[89,94],"(CNNs)":[90],"Recurrent":[92],"(RNNs),":[95],"well":[97],"the":[99,110,123,130,133,136],"multi-model":[100],"approach,":[101],"It":[106],"also":[107],"looks":[108],"at":[109],"word":[113],"embedding":[114],"models":[115],"convert":[117],"text":[118],"vector":[120],"representations":[121],"datasets":[124],"used":[125],"training":[127],"models.":[128],"Furthermore,":[129],"discusses":[132],"attention":[137],"mechanism":[138],"conjunction":[140],"with":[141],"process":[145],"sequential":[146],"data.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-07-02T00:00:00"}
