{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382722871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197573778.003.0004","title":"Diffuse Gliomas (WHO Grade 2\u20133)","display_name":"Diffuse Gliomas (WHO Grade 2\u20133)","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382722871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197573778.003.0004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/med/9780197573778.003.0004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197573778.003.0004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197573778.003.0004","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuro-Oncology Compendium for the Boards and Clinical Practice","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382542055","display_name":"Neuro-Oncology Compendium for the Boards and Clinical Practice"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083013338","display_name":"Haroon Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8753-0332","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8753-0332"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haroon Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023905352","display_name":"David Schiff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1896-2502","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1896-2502","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-9220"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Schiff","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1079,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80162602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"76","last_page":"86"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics (clinical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics (clinical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12049","display_name":"Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10550","display_name":"Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffuse-glioma","display_name":"diffuse glioma","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idh-mutation","display_name":"IDH mutation","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1p-19q-codeletion","display_name":"1p/19q codeletion","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tert-promoter-mutation","display_name":"TERT promoter mutation","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egfr-amplification","display_name":"EGFR amplification","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seizures","display_name":"seizures","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gadolinium-enhanced-mri","display_name":"gadolinium-enhanced MRI","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximal-safe-resection","display_name":"maximal safe resection","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiotherapy-dose","display_name":"radiotherapy dose","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temozolomide","display_name":"temozolomide","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procarbazine-lomustine-and-vincristine","display_name":"procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oligodendroglioma","display_name":"oligodendroglioma","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrocytic-tumors","display_name":"astrocytic tumors","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjuvant-chemotherapy","display_name":"adjuvant chemotherapy","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-related-toxicity","display_name":"treatment toxicity","score":0.37299999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777389519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425088","display_name":"Temozolomide","level":3,"score":0.7683032751083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777931997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318384","display_name":"Oligodendroglioma","level":4,"score":0.7643834352493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7575728893280029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779434656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415378","display_name":"Lomustine","level":5,"score":0.7101226449012756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779112685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418656","display_name":"Procarbazine","level":5,"score":0.6717914938926697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910969760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318384","display_name":"Oligodendroglial Tumor","level":5,"score":0.6366070508956909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778227246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365309","display_name":"Glioma","level":2,"score":0.5738078355789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.5435161590576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779429289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408977","display_name":"Vincristine","level":4,"score":0.49088650941848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.49061670899391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.44607970118522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776694085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974135","display_name":"Chemotherapy","level":2,"score":0.3683438003063202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778880634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177755","display_name":"Astrocytoma","level":3,"score":0.3412415385246277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.19060057401657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776755627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408524","display_name":"Cyclophosphamide","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/med/9780197573778.003.0004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197573778.003.0004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197573778.003.0004","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuro-Oncology Compendium for the Boards and Clinical Practice","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W197014098","https://openalex.org/W1968950580","https://openalex.org/W1996319332","https://openalex.org/W2003107243","https://openalex.org/W2029445057","https://openalex.org/W2033128037","https://openalex.org/W2034559684","https://openalex.org/W2050455182","https://openalex.org/W2056895881","https://openalex.org/W2057525070","https://openalex.org/W2066343654","https://openalex.org/W2066734995","https://openalex.org/W2070603556","https://openalex.org/W2096287682","https://openalex.org/W2100791391","https://openalex.org/W2104572811","https://openalex.org/W2110102835","https://openalex.org/W2112567075","https://openalex.org/W2116232743","https://openalex.org/W2117942958","https://openalex.org/W2119838967","https://openalex.org/W2120963683","https://openalex.org/W2133865472","https://openalex.org/W2134942438","https://openalex.org/W2136443603","https://openalex.org/W2137013555","https://openalex.org/W2147013683","https://openalex.org/W2147387301","https://openalex.org/W2169726306","https://openalex.org/W2247462887","https://openalex.org/W2281367559","https://openalex.org/W2310584558","https://openalex.org/W2313086999","https://openalex.org/W2325000325","https://openalex.org/W2327897736","https://openalex.org/W2366536035","https://openalex.org/W2460821456","https://openalex.org/W2463189776","https://openalex.org/W2505666614","https://openalex.org/W2524682460","https://openalex.org/W2565530905","https://openalex.org/W2588971942","https://openalex.org/W2605860968","https://openalex.org/W2610522657","https://openalex.org/W2662162181","https://openalex.org/W2741009225","https://openalex.org/W2744160381","https://openalex.org/W2760672345","https://openalex.org/W2790238925","https://openalex.org/W2890896123","https://openalex.org/W2894102714","https://openalex.org/W2913046536","https://openalex.org/W2921076789","https://openalex.org/W2925771367","https://openalex.org/W2974985224","https://openalex.org/W3013214688","https://openalex.org/W3017219185","https://openalex.org/W3021003151","https://openalex.org/W3161800158","https://openalex.org/W4200327950","https://openalex.org/W4211220688","https://openalex.org/W4254890712","https://openalex.org/W6813254597","https://openalex.org/W6987596445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883993833","https://openalex.org/W4311300095","https://openalex.org/W2808624194","https://openalex.org/W4403667887","https://openalex.org/W2612801846","https://openalex.org/W2337600057","https://openalex.org/W6959011490","https://openalex.org/W7170144723","https://openalex.org/W3121328423","https://openalex.org/W3045310653"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Grade":[1],"2":[2,46,124,196],"and":[3,40,47,66,78,87,118,165,174,191,197,209,213,216,254],"grade":[4,45,123,127,195,222],"3":[5,198,223],"diffuse":[6],"gliomas":[7,61,128],"are":[8,14,62,76,82,219],"challenging":[9],"tumors":[10,115],"to":[11,29,85,182],"treat.":[12],"They":[13,31],"uncommon,":[15],"with":[16,100,135],"an":[17],"incidence":[18,132],"rate":[19],"of":[20,37,60,97,102,133,153,188],"1.35":[21],"per":[22,24],"100,000":[23],"year,":[25],"making":[26,50],"them":[27],"difficult":[28],"study.":[30],"have":[32,105,129],"a":[33,130,175],"younger":[34],"median":[35],"age":[36],"onset:":[38],"30\u201340":[39],"40\u201360":[41],"years":[42],"old":[43],"for":[44,112,147,171,194,204],"3,":[48],"respectively,":[49,200],"long-term":[51],"treatment":[52],"toxicity":[53],"significant":[54],"in":[55,73,122,235,247],"decision-making.":[56],"The":[57,108],"overwhelming":[58],"majority":[59],"sporadic.":[63],"IDH":[64,163],"mutation":[65,164],"1p/19q":[67,166],"co-deletion":[68],"carry":[69],"the":[70,145,236],"most":[71,109,120],"weight":[72],"prognostication;":[74],"both":[75,210],"prognostic":[77],"predictive.":[79],"Tumors":[80],"that":[81],"\u201cmolecularly":[83],"equivalent":[84],"GBM\u201d":[86],"harbor":[88],"TERT":[89],"promoter":[90],"gene":[91],"mutation,":[92],"EGFR":[93],"amplification,":[94],"or":[95],"loss":[96],"chromosome":[98,103],"7p":[99],"gain":[101],"10q":[104],"poor":[106],"prognosis.":[107],"common":[110],"presentation":[111],"all":[113],"glial":[114],"is":[116,119,144,157,169,201,206,227,231],"seizures":[117],"frequent":[121],"gliomas.":[125],"Higher":[126],"higher":[131],"presenting":[134],"fixed":[136],"neurologic":[137],"deficits.":[138],"Gadolinium-enhanced":[139],"brain":[140,150],"magnetic":[141],"resonance":[142],"imaging":[143],"standard":[146],"assessing":[148],"suspected":[149],"tumors.":[151],"As":[152],"2016,":[154],"pathologic":[155],"diagnosis":[156],"based":[158],"on":[159],"molecular":[160],"markers":[161],"including":[162],"co-deletion.":[167],"Surgery":[168],"required":[170],"tissue":[172],"diagnosis,":[173],"maximal":[176],"safe":[177],"resection":[178],"has":[179],"been":[180],"shown":[181],"improve":[183],"overall":[184],"survival.":[185],"Radiation":[186],"doses":[187],"50\u201354":[189],"Gy":[190,193],"60":[192],"tumors,":[199,225],"standard.":[202],"Chemotherapy":[203],"oligodendrogliomas":[205],"well":[207],"established,":[208],"procarbazine,":[211],"lomustine,":[212],"vincristine":[214],"(PCV)":[215],"temozolomide":[217],"(TMZ)":[218],"used.":[220],"For":[221],"astrocytic":[224],"TMZ":[226,245],"generally":[228],"used":[229],"but":[230],"supported":[232],"by":[233],"evidence":[234],"adjuvant":[237],"setting":[238],"only.":[239,250],"Recent":[240],"preliminary":[241],"data":[242],"support":[243],"concomitant":[244],"use":[246],"IDH-mutated":[248],"astrocytomas":[249],"Results":[251],"from":[252],"CATNON":[253],"CODEL":[255],"studies":[256],"should":[257],"answer":[258],"these":[259],"questions.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-07-01T00:00:00"}