{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382582873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06436-z","title":"Digestate from Biowaste and Sewage Sludge as Carriers of Microplastic into the Environment: Case Study of a Thermophilic Biogas Plant in Ostrobothnia, Finland","display_name":"Digestate from Biowaste and Sewage Sludge as Carriers of Microplastic into the Environment: Case Study of a Thermophilic Biogas Plant in Ostrobothnia, Finland","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382582873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06436-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11270-023-06436-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06436-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06436-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-023-06436-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156652029","display_name":"Water Air & Soil Pollution","issn_l":"0049-6979","issn":["0049-6979","1573-2932"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water, Air, &amp; Soil Pollution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-023-06436-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048237847","display_name":"Viveka \u00d6ling-W\u00e4rn\u00e5","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2372-3167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2372-3167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134461962","display_name":"Novia University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05e08rb26","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134461962"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Viveka \u00d6ling-W\u00e4rn\u00e5","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research, Development & Innovation, Technobothnia, Novia University of Applied Sciences, Puuvillakuja 3, 65200, Vaasa, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2372-3167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research, Development & Innovation, Technobothnia, Novia University of Applied Sciences, Puuvillakuja 3, 65200, Vaasa, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134461962"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016562214","display_name":"Nina \u00c5kerback","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134461962","display_name":"Novia University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05e08rb26","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134461962"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nina \u00c5kerback","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research, Development & Innovation, Technobothnia, Novia University of Applied Sciences, Puuvillakuja 3, 65200, Vaasa, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research, Development & Innovation, Technobothnia, Novia University of Applied Sciences, Puuvillakuja 3, 65200, Vaasa, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134461962"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038136218","display_name":"Sten O. Engblom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7334-5622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7334-5622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134461962","display_name":"Novia University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05e08rb26","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134461962"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sten Engblom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research, Development & Innovation, Technobothnia, Novia University of Applied Sciences, Puuvillakuja 3, 65200, Vaasa, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research, Development & Innovation, Technobothnia, Novia University of Applied Sciences, Puuvillakuja 3, 65200, Vaasa, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134461962"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048237847"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134461962"],"apc_list":{"value":3490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3490},"apc_paid":{"value":3490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3490},"fwci":1.2709,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73905183,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"234","issue":"7","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10753","display_name":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10753","display_name":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10419","display_name":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14179","display_name":"Waste Management and Recycling","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microplastics","display_name":"microplastics","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digestate","display_name":"digestate","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-waste","display_name":"organic waste","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sewage-sludge","display_name":"sewage sludge","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermophilic-anaerobic-digestion","display_name":"thermophilic digestion","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biogas-plants","display_name":"biogas plants","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reject-water","display_name":"reject water","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-types","display_name":"polymer types","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ostrobothnia","display_name":"Ostrobothnia","score":0.9100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778926930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900279","display_name":"Digestate","level":4,"score":0.9853351712226868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780401329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839919","display_name":"Microplastics","level":2,"score":0.8702259659767151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780859252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11888968","display_name":"Sewage sludge","level":3,"score":0.7766889333724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75212476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171076","display_name":"Biogas","level":2,"score":0.7057420015335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C499616599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555853","display_name":"Anaerobic digestion","level":3,"score":0.6546061038970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.5049527287483215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.49396663904190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57442070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221275","display_name":"Sewage treatment","level":2,"score":0.49068915843963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58790150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10966166","display_name":"Sewage","level":2,"score":0.4764833152294159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.4353184103965759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.400906503200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3777720034122467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3509923219680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.2934896945953369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516920438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37129","display_name":"Methane","level":2,"score":0.06488478183746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.05412954092025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11270-023-06436-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06436-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06436-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-023-06436-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156652029","display_name":"Water Air & Soil Pollution","issn_l":"0049-6979","issn":["0049-6979","1573-2932"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water, Air, &amp; Soil Pollution","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.theseus.fi:10024/813606","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.theseus.fi/handle/10024/813606","pdf_url":"http://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/10024/813606/1/Water_Air_and_Soil_Pollution_234_432_%282023%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400928","display_name":"Theseus (Ammattikorkeakoulujen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"89090","raw_type":"fi=A1 Alkuper\u00e4isartikkeli tieteellisess\u00e4 aikakauslehdess\u00e4|sv=A1 Originalartikel i en vetenskaplig tidskrift|en=A1 Journal article (refereed), original research|"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11270-023-06436-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06436-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06436-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-023-06436-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156652029","display_name":"Water Air & Soil Pollution","issn_l":"0049-6979","issn":["0049-6979","1573-2932"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water, Air, &amp; Soil Pollution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"score":0.7778000235557556,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311296","display_name":"Yrkesh\u00f6gskolan Novia","ror":"https://ror.org/05e08rb26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322582","display_name":"Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet","ror":"https://ror.org/02yy8x990"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328598","display_name":"Region V\u00e4sternorrland","ror":"https://ror.org/03arxaz40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382582873.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382582873.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1956592121","https://openalex.org/W2003022112","https://openalex.org/W2047373987","https://openalex.org/W2254960613","https://openalex.org/W2405598407","https://openalex.org/W2526924327","https://openalex.org/W2528340666","https://openalex.org/W2530085303","https://openalex.org/W2546432926","https://openalex.org/W2550626179","https://openalex.org/W2553328686","https://openalex.org/W2593083124","https://openalex.org/W2769143327","https://openalex.org/W2794300093","https://openalex.org/W2795561737","https://openalex.org/W2807695907","https://openalex.org/W2883912728","https://openalex.org/W2907773784","https://openalex.org/W2908304050","https://openalex.org/W2941378544","https://openalex.org/W2944687224","https://openalex.org/W2957446773","https://openalex.org/W2972563087","https://openalex.org/W2998486327","https://openalex.org/W3007155206","https://openalex.org/W3010649332","https://openalex.org/W3021917591","https://openalex.org/W3022924509","https://openalex.org/W3035536566","https://openalex.org/W3093972446","https://openalex.org/W3108665729","https://openalex.org/W3196136897","https://openalex.org/W4226074944","https://openalex.org/W4229076904","https://openalex.org/W4281842120","https://openalex.org/W4292308240"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415877629","https://openalex.org/W4307846924","https://openalex.org/W3188541984","https://openalex.org/W4210940457","https://openalex.org/W3112758484","https://openalex.org/W3118325355","https://openalex.org/W4286212693","https://openalex.org/W2803309971","https://openalex.org/W3084357919","https://openalex.org/W4396705389"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Microplastic":[1],"contamination":[2],"in":[3,20,31,59,61,69,156,164],"wastewater":[4],"treatment":[5],"plants":[6],"(WWTPs)":[7],"is":[8],"well":[9],"documented,":[10],"but":[11,108,163],"only":[12],"a":[13,55],"few":[14],"studies":[15],"have":[16,27],"investigated":[17,91,102],"plastic":[18],"pollutants":[19],"waste":[21],"fractions":[22],"from":[23,36,54,120,135,159,183,193],"biogas":[24,57],"plants.":[25],"We":[26],"analysed":[28],"microplastic":[29,106,126,141,150,170,204],"contaminants":[30],"reject":[32,118,157],"water":[33,119,158],"and":[34,43,85,97,131,146,175,195,208],"digestate":[35,134,192],"biowaste":[37,121,136,194],"digestion":[38,46,198],"(at":[39,47],"three":[40],"time":[41,49],"points)":[42],"sewage":[44,160,196],"sludge":[45,161,197],"two":[48],"points).":[50],"Samples":[51],"were":[52,72,93,128,154,181],"collected":[53],"thermophilic":[56],"plant":[58],"Ostrobothnia":[60],"the":[62,70,86,90,109,123,138,165,167,184,206],"western":[63],"part":[64],"of":[65,89,125,140,169,203,213],"Finland.":[66],"Plastic":[67],"particles":[68,92,127,142,151,171],"samples":[71,185],"identified":[73,182],"with":[74],"\u00b5-FTIR":[75],"(Fourier":[76],"transform":[77],"infrared)":[78],"spectroscopy":[79],"or":[80],"attenuated":[81],"total":[82],"reflection":[83],"(ATR)-FTIR,":[84],"grain":[87],"sizes":[88],">":[94],"40":[95],"\u00b5m":[96],"<":[98],"5":[99],"mm.":[100],"All":[101],"sample":[103],"matrices":[104],"contained":[105],"particles,":[107],"numbers":[110,124,212],"differed":[111],"significantly":[112],"at":[113,215],"each":[114],"sampling":[115],"time.":[116,217],"In":[117,133],"digestion,":[122,137,162],"between":[129,144,173],"80":[130],"3320/L.":[132],"number":[139],"was":[143,172],"2290":[145],"7200/L.":[147],"Only":[148],"20\u201330":[149],"per":[152],"litre":[153],"found":[155],"digestate,":[166],"quantity":[168],"1870":[174],"36,800/L.":[176],"Seventeen":[177],"different":[178],"polymer":[179],"types":[180],"all":[186],"together.":[187],"Our":[188],"results":[189],"show":[190],"that":[191],"can":[199,209],"both":[200],"be":[201],"carriers":[202],"into":[205],"environment":[207],"contain":[210],"higher":[211],"microplastics":[214],"specific":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-06-30T00:00:00"}
