{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382536166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097631","title":"Improved Understanding of Learning Characteristics among International Students in Post-Baccalaureate Medical Education for Sustainable Development","display_name":"Improved Understanding of Learning Characteristics among International Students in Post-Baccalaureate Medical Education for Sustainable Development","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382536166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097631"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su15097631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7631/pdf?version=1683360086","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7631/pdf?version=1683360086","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000076952","display_name":"Hsiang\u2010Chin Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4350-6701","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4350-6701"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158999","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zx3rq17","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158999"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiang-Chin Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan","Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan","School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4350-6701","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158999","https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015681187","display_name":"Tzu\u2010Ching Sung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0012-9026","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0012-9026"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Ching Sung","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0012-9026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015681187"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2447},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2447},"fwci":1.0339,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76121821,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"9","first_page":"7631","last_page":"7631"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11820","display_name":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","score":0.5175999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11820","display_name":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","score":0.5175999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.4465000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12602","display_name":"Medical Education and Admissions","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-medical-students","display_name":"international medical students","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-styles","display_name":"learning styles","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"empathy","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-diversity","display_name":"cultural diversity","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-thinking","display_name":"critical thinking","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"medical education","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-methods","display_name":"teaching methods","score":0.6370000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.6883086562156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.556887686252594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100363876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690661","display_name":"Nonprobability sampling","level":3,"score":0.530036449432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542530943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190656","display_name":"Multiculturalism","level":2,"score":0.5211777091026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4615030884742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820370","display_name":"Learning styles","level":2,"score":0.448416143655777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4376983940601349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.43491289019584656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4257010519504547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.34501025080680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2941294312477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.24009954929351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.19202378392219543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su15097631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7631/pdf?version=1683360086","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:9:p:7631-:d:1140614","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7631/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su15097631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7631/pdf?version=1683360086","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9901999831199646,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4043000042438507,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382536166.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382536166.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80795638","https://openalex.org/W94062176","https://openalex.org/W1899397493","https://openalex.org/W1964805592","https://openalex.org/W2028600469","https://openalex.org/W2046835002","https://openalex.org/W2060519216","https://openalex.org/W2071631151","https://openalex.org/W2077977329","https://openalex.org/W2082395036","https://openalex.org/W2083470486","https://openalex.org/W2112955368","https://openalex.org/W2118744501","https://openalex.org/W2119857253","https://openalex.org/W2157641530","https://openalex.org/W2160485643","https://openalex.org/W2161985019","https://openalex.org/W2166145440","https://openalex.org/W2254376753","https://openalex.org/W2295424724","https://openalex.org/W2318380952","https://openalex.org/W2435543683","https://openalex.org/W2742641117","https://openalex.org/W2781075613","https://openalex.org/W2799326223","https://openalex.org/W2888930780","https://openalex.org/W2962996577","https://openalex.org/W2971831441","https://openalex.org/W3038077850","https://openalex.org/W3164947842","https://openalex.org/W3184385745","https://openalex.org/W3197926488","https://openalex.org/W4212929285","https://openalex.org/W4289109864","https://openalex.org/W4366984117","https://openalex.org/W4408000277","https://openalex.org/W6727745673","https://openalex.org/W6761286455","https://openalex.org/W6877795469"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383217699","https://openalex.org/W4387371250","https://openalex.org/W3104710329","https://openalex.org/W4402581771","https://openalex.org/W7117877626","https://openalex.org/W3200949015","https://openalex.org/W3097914735","https://openalex.org/W6920866279","https://openalex.org/W2104909264","https://openalex.org/W1576471475"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ensuring":[0],"the":[1,45,66,118,169,224,231,237],"success":[2],"of":[3,48,117,142,171,227,233],"medical":[4,19,35,57,90],"students":[5,20,58],"in":[6,34,62,182,196,236],"post-baccalaureate":[7],"training":[8],"is":[9],"crucial":[10],"for":[11,115,189,204],"providing":[12,183],"sustainable,":[13],"high-quality":[14],"healthcare":[15],"worldwide.":[16],"However,":[17],"international":[18,89],"encounter":[21],"unique":[22],"sustainability":[23],"challenges":[24,235],"that":[25,208],"may":[26],"affect":[27],"their":[28],"ability":[29],"to":[30,41,85,96,223],"learn":[31],"and":[32,43,51,55,70,80,98,107,130,136,139,149,153,159,163,179,186,214,230],"excel":[33],"schools.":[36],"Therefore,":[37],"this":[38,197,220],"study":[39,167],"aimed":[40],"investigate":[42],"assess":[44],"key":[46],"attributes":[47],"learning":[49,105,212],"styles":[50,106],"attitudes":[52],"among":[53],"first-":[54],"second-year":[56],"from":[59],"a":[60,77,202],"university":[61],"Southern":[63],"Taiwan":[64],"using":[65],"Attitudes":[67],"Toward":[68],"Thinking":[69],"Learning":[71],"Survey":[72],"(ATTLS).":[73],"In":[74],"November":[75],"2022,":[76],"cross-sectional":[78],"survey":[79],"purposive":[81],"sampling":[82],"were":[83],"used":[84],"recruit":[86],"all":[87],"43":[88],"students.":[91],"Factor":[92,125,132,145,154,177,180],"analysis":[93],"was":[94,121],"employed":[95],"identify":[97],"simplify":[99],"complex":[100],"personality":[101],"traits":[102],"associated":[103],"with":[104],"attitudes.":[108],"The":[109,192],"resulting":[110],"four-factor":[111],"solution,":[112],"which":[113],"accounted":[114],"70.364%":[116],"total":[119],"variance,":[120],"labeled":[122],"as":[123,201],"follows:":[124],"1":[126,178],"\u201cUnderstanding,":[127],"Interaction":[128],"Insights,":[129],"Empathy\u201d,":[131],"2":[133],"\u201cRespect,":[134],"Trust,":[135],"an":[137],"Objective":[138],"Rational":[140,160],"Vision":[141],"Multicultural":[143],"Diversity\u201d,":[144],"3":[146],"\u201cComment,":[147],"Debate,":[148],"Declare":[150],"One\u2019s":[151],"Position\u201d,":[152],"4":[155],"\u201cCritical":[156],"Thinking,":[157],"Logical":[158],"Problem":[161],"Solving,":[162],"Rigorous":[164],"Inference\u201d.":[165],"This":[166],"highlights":[168],"significance":[170],"connected":[172,218],"knowers,":[173,219],"who":[174],"possess":[175],"both":[176],"2,":[181],"holistic":[184],"empathy":[185],"multicultural":[187],"insight":[188],"future":[190],"pedagogy.":[191],"four":[193],"factors":[194],"identified":[195],"research":[198,221],"can":[199],"serve":[200],"guide":[203],"developing":[205],"teaching":[206],"strategies":[207],"consider":[209],"students\u2019":[210],"diverse":[211],"preferences":[213],"needs.":[215],"By":[216],"cultivating":[217],"contributes":[222],"sustainable":[225],"improvement":[226],"pedagogical":[228],"quality":[229],"reduction":[232],"non-intellectual":[234],"classroom.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-06-30T00:00:00"}
