{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382400547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92218","title":"Impact of Mulch and Irrigation Schedules on Yield and Quality of Spring Sunflower in Tarai Region of Northern India","display_name":"Impact of Mulch and Irrigation Schedules on Yield and Quality of Spring Sunflower in Tarai Region of Northern India","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382400547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92218"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92218","pdf_url":"https://journalijecc.com/index.php/IJECC/article/download/2218/4374","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233270","display_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","issn_l":"2581-8627","issn":["2581-8627"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journalijecc.com/index.php/IJECC/article/download/2218/4374","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034228979","display_name":"Rakesh Dawar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6833-5771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6833-5771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45509622","display_name":"Indian Agricultural Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01bzgdw81","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakesh Dawar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Agronomy, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110 012, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Agronomy, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110 012, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046544764","display_name":"Mahendra Singh Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5602-1631","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5602-1631"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I252758333","display_name":"Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02msjvh03","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I252758333"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahendra Singh Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar- 263145 (U.S.Nagar, Uttarakhand), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar- 263145 (U.S.Nagar, Uttarakhand), India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I252758333"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078570377","display_name":"Akshay Kumar Yogi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3122-9196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3122-9196"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45509622","display_name":"Indian Agricultural Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01bzgdw81","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akshay Kumar Yogi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Agronomy, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110 012, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Agronomy, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110 012, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Deepak Kumar Meena","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45509622","display_name":"Indian Agricultural Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01bzgdw81","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Kumar Meena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Agronomy, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110 012, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Agronomy, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110 012, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sunil Kumar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45509622","display_name":"Indian Agricultural Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01bzgdw81","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Agronomy, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110 012, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Agronomy, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110 012, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.277,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47427857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":"156","last_page":"162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12742","display_name":"Sunflower and Safflower Cultivation","score":0.6557999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12742","display_name":"Sunflower and Safflower Cultivation","score":0.6557999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.3434999883174896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12710","display_name":"Engineering and Agricultural Innovations","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunflower","display_name":"sunflower","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mulching","display_name":"mulching","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyethylene-mulch","display_name":"polyethylene mulch","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/straw-mulching","display_name":"straw mulch","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation-scheduling","display_name":"irrigation scheduling","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-use-efficiency","display_name":"water use efficiency","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-yield","display_name":"seed yield","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stover-yield","display_name":"stover yield","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-content","display_name":"oil content","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-content","display_name":"protein content","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-growth-stages","display_name":"critical growth stages","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tarai-region","display_name":"Tarai region","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uttarakhand","display_name":"Uttarakhand","score":0.8610000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175092762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q549563","display_name":"Mulch","level":2,"score":0.899254322052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779587293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7622360","display_name":"Straw","level":2,"score":0.7333296537399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.6827470660209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780500427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2351904","display_name":"Stover","level":3,"score":0.6737132668495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6525969505310059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779197568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423986","display_name":"Sunflower","level":2,"score":0.5585224032402039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5376063585281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75639521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283519","display_name":"Field experiment","level":2,"score":0.41008567810058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.388931006193161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1545574963092804}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92218","pdf_url":"https://journalijecc.com/index.php/IJECC/article/download/2218/4374","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233270","display_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","issn_l":"2581-8627","issn":["2581-8627"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journalijecc.com:article/2218","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journalijecc.com/index.php/IJECC/article/view/2218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233270","display_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","issn_l":"2581-8627","issn":["2581-8627"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2581-8627","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05192452v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05192452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 2023, 13 (9), pp.156-162","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92218","pdf_url":"https://journalijecc.com/index.php/IJECC/article/download/2218/4374","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233270","display_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","issn_l":"2581-8627","issn":["2581-8627"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382400547.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382400547.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W232149333","https://openalex.org/W303897204","https://openalex.org/W2056251248","https://openalex.org/W2137808313","https://openalex.org/W2586355906","https://openalex.org/W2626812291","https://openalex.org/W2938166897","https://openalex.org/W2998540958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362516558","https://openalex.org/W3202066061","https://openalex.org/W2729432465","https://openalex.org/W4387320822","https://openalex.org/W4304810064","https://openalex.org/W2998540958","https://openalex.org/W2596639912","https://openalex.org/W1770576717","https://openalex.org/W1989282986","https://openalex.org/W1468629891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,52,146],"field":[1],"experiment":[2,53],"was":[3,99,117,120,131,155,195,218],"carried":[4],"out":[5,101],"at":[6,185,204],"Forage":[7],"Block,":[8],"Instructional":[9],"Dairy":[10],"Farm,":[11],"Nagla,":[12],"G.":[13],"B.":[14],"Pant":[15],"University":[16],"of":[17,30,41,49,55,58,79,111],"Agriculture":[18],"&":[19],"Technology,":[20],"Pantnagar":[21],"(Uttarakhand)":[22],"in":[23,47,72,97,102],"spring":[24,42],"2019":[25],"to,":[26],"study":[27],"the":[28,73,109,190,213,226,258],"effect":[29],"mulches":[31,59],"and":[32,37,68,76,87,93,136,143,164,172,198,208,222,235,250,265],"irrigation":[33,80,181,202,214],"schedules":[34,81],"on":[35],"productivity":[36,249],"water":[38],"use":[39],"efficiency":[40],"sunflower":[43],"(Helianthus":[44],"annuus":[45],"L.)":[46],"Mollisols":[48],"Uttarakhand":[50],"(India).":[51],"consisted":[54],"03":[56],"levels":[57,78],"i.e.,":[60,82],"control":[61],"(no":[62],"mulch),":[63],"straw":[64,124,141,158,170],"mulch":[65,70,142,148,159,161,171,245],"@":[66],"6t/ha":[67],"polythene":[69,112,127,147,244],"(black)":[71],"main":[74],"plot":[75],"04":[77],"critical":[83,209,236],"stages":[84],"(button,":[85],"flowering,":[86],"seed":[88,115,129,176,192,260],"filling":[89],"stage),":[90],"0.8,":[91],"1.0":[92],"1.2":[94,186,227,253],"IW/CPE":[95,187,228,233,254],"ratios":[96,255],"subplots,":[98],"laid":[100],"split-plot":[103],"design":[104],"with":[105,157],"three":[106],"replications.":[107],"Under":[108,126],"application":[110],"mulch,":[113,128],"significant":[114],"output":[116],"observed":[118],"that":[119,154,194,243],"statistically":[121],"comparable":[122],"to":[123,133],"mulch.":[125],"yield":[130,153,177,193,217],"found":[132],"be":[134],"4.6%":[135],"18.5%":[137],"greater":[138,200],"than":[139,169,201,230],"under":[140,225],"control,":[144,173],"respectively.":[145,174,211,238],"produced":[149,162,188],"significantly":[150,179,189,247,257],"higher":[151,167,224,248,262],"stover":[152,168,216],"non-significant":[156],"Polythene":[160],"8.10%":[163],"10.4":[165],"%":[166],"Sunflower":[175],"differed":[178],"among":[180],"schedules.":[182],"Irrigation":[183],"applied":[184],"highest":[191,259],"5.4,":[196],"11.1,":[197],"14.8%":[199],"scheduled":[203],"1.0,":[205,231],"0.8":[206,232],"IW/CPE,":[207],"stages,":[210,237],"Among":[212],"schedules,":[215],"recorded":[219],"5.8,":[220],"8.0,":[221],"10.8%":[223],"ratio":[229],"ratio,":[234],"Overall,":[239],"it":[240],"is":[241],"highlighted":[242],"gives":[246],"quality":[251],"parameters.":[252],"give":[256],"yield,":[261],"protein":[263],"content":[264],"oil":[266],"content.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-25T09:29:13.331239","created_date":"2023-06-29T00:00:00"}