{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382344751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202302848","title":"Flexible Metasurface for Microwave\u2010Infrared Compatible Camouflage via Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm","display_name":"Flexible Metasurface for Microwave\u2010Infrared Compatible Camouflage via Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382344751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202302848","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37376857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/smll.202302848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202302848","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202302848","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/smll.202302848","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94619837","display_name":"Small","issn_l":"1613-6810","issn":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Small","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/smll.202302848","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058446576","display_name":"Juyeong Nam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juyeong Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072803402","display_name":"Injoong Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7815-4486","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7815-4486"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Injoong Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005898585","display_name":"Joon\u2010Soo Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8435-9621","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8435-9621"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joon\u2010Soo Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043635609","display_name":"Haneul Woo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4049-6293","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4049-6293"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haneul Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043830445","display_name":"Jong\u2010Gwan Yook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-289X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-289X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong\u2010Gwan Yook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025206685","display_name":"Hyung Hee Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5309-3798","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5309-3798"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyung Hee Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5309-3798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025206685"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"],"apc_list":{"value":5250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3171,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8973423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"46","first_page":"e2302848","last_page":"e2302848"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.7821999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.7821999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.20800000429153442,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12442","display_name":"Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexible-metasurface","display_name":"flexible metasurface","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-signature-reduction","display_name":"infrared signature reduction","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"particle swarm optimization","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-transmission","display_name":"microwave transmission","score":0.3089999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776196576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196113","display_name":"Camouflage","level":2,"score":0.9084208011627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.7228811383247375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6965887546539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.6776866912841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.5255414843559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.49311181902885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.48117002844810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41447964310646057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3657984435558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.36068296432495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3575160503387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3407523036003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2394731640815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1703285276889801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15426746010780334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08791887760162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/smll.202302848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202302848","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202302848","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/smll.202302848","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94619837","display_name":"Small","issn_l":"1613-6810","issn":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Small","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37376857","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37376857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/smll.202302848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202302848","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202302848","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/smll.202302848","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94619837","display_name":"Small","issn_l":"1613-6810","issn":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Small","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G394921307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20204030200110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7459834809","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20204030200110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335199","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7473186732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UD220003JD","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323103","funder_display_name":"Agency for Defense Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323103","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335199","display_name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/02zq38y32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382344751.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382344751.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137336550","https://openalex.org/W1587559154","https://openalex.org/W2066531804","https://openalex.org/W2074398350","https://openalex.org/W2079730806","https://openalex.org/W2084948190","https://openalex.org/W2097989328","https://openalex.org/W2149328468","https://openalex.org/W2226291091","https://openalex.org/W2495059802","https://openalex.org/W2572966818","https://openalex.org/W2583919456","https://openalex.org/W2772041177","https://openalex.org/W2808283274","https://openalex.org/W2886447524","https://openalex.org/W2908406933","https://openalex.org/W2946577384","https://openalex.org/W2980166556","https://openalex.org/W2998970969","https://openalex.org/W3002797749","https://openalex.org/W3010056739","https://openalex.org/W3014461567","https://openalex.org/W3017201826","https://openalex.org/W3029489640","https://openalex.org/W3088339956","https://openalex.org/W3099157436","https://openalex.org/W3113757854","https://openalex.org/W3138105167","https://openalex.org/W3164905635","https://openalex.org/W3173494105","https://openalex.org/W3176686937","https://openalex.org/W3178390035","https://openalex.org/W3196771420","https://openalex.org/W3210539832","https://openalex.org/W3212677988","https://openalex.org/W3214238799","https://openalex.org/W4200109005","https://openalex.org/W4211061674","https://openalex.org/W4221102206","https://openalex.org/W4281670345","https://openalex.org/W4292365329","https://openalex.org/W4300864000","https://openalex.org/W4311927073","https://openalex.org/W6600225990","https://openalex.org/W6604285789"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388688938","https://openalex.org/W4391655008","https://openalex.org/W4221102206","https://openalex.org/W4402760724","https://openalex.org/W4402930403","https://openalex.org/W7166029851","https://openalex.org/W2321713694","https://openalex.org/W7206156655","https://openalex.org/W4409325971","https://openalex.org/W4406458161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Metamaterials":[0],"have":[1],"the":[2,21,34,58,66,91,99,135,142,172,175],"powerful":[3],"ability":[4],"to":[5,32,56,88],"freely":[6],"control":[7,75],"multiband":[8,45],"electromagnetic":[9],"(EM)":[10],"waves":[11],"through":[12],"elaborately":[13],"designed":[14],"\"artificial":[15],"atoms\"":[16],"and":[17,52,79,126,153,163],"are":[18,42],"hence":[19],"in":[20,23,38,48,65,90,94,182],"limelight":[22],"various":[24,40],"fields.":[25],"Typically,":[26],"camouflage":[27,46,105,146],"materials":[28,47],"manipulate":[29,112],"wave-matter":[30,92],"interactions":[31,93],"achieve":[33],"desired":[35],"optical":[36],"properties,":[37],"particular,":[39],"techniques":[41],"used":[43],"for":[44,71,167],"both":[49,149],"infrared":[50],"(IR)":[51],"microwave":[53,72],"(MW)":[54],"ranges":[55],"overcome":[57],"scale":[59],"difference":[60],"between":[61],"these":[62,95],"bands.":[63,97],"However,":[64],"context":[67],"of":[68,76,102],"components":[69],"required":[70],"communications,":[73],"simultaneous":[74],"IR":[77,113,124,150,161,177],"emission":[78],"MW":[80,117,127,154],"transmission":[81,119,156,165],"is":[82,85,108,131,157],"required,":[83],"which":[84,110],"challenging":[86],"owing":[87],"differences":[89],"two":[96],"Herein,":[98],"state-of-the-art":[100],"concept":[101],"flexible":[103],"compatible":[104,145],"metasurface":[106],"(FCCM)":[107],"demonstrated,":[109,158],"can":[111],"signatures":[114],"while":[115],"maintaining":[116],"selective":[118,128,155],"simultaneously.":[120],"For":[121],"achieving":[122],"maximum":[123],"tunability":[125,162],"transmission,":[129],"it":[130],"performed":[132],"optimization":[133,138],"using":[134],"particle":[136],"swarm":[137],"(PSO)":[139],"algorithm.":[140],"Consequently,":[141],"FCCM":[143,173],"exhibits":[144],"performance":[147],"with":[148,159],"signature":[151,178],"reduction":[152,179],"77.7%":[160],"93.8%":[164],"achieved":[166],"a":[168],"flat":[169],"FCCM.":[170],"Furthermore,":[171],"reached":[174],"89.8%":[176],"effect":[180],"even":[181],"curved":[183],"situations.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2023-06-29T00:00:00"}
