{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382317893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i13.26903","title":"Build-a-Bot: Teaching Conversational AI Using a Transformer-Based Intent Recognition and Question Answering Architecture","display_name":"Build-a-Bot: Teaching Conversational AI Using a Transformer-Based Intent Recognition and Question Answering Architecture","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382317893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i13.26903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v37i13.26903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i13.26903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i13.26903","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/26903/26675","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/26903/26675","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042515229","display_name":"Kate Pearce","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kate Pearce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004847166","display_name":"Sharifa Alghowinem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9391-0163","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9391-0163"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268810","display_name":"MIT Media Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/0253jyq40","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268810"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharifa Alghowinem","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Media Lab"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Media Lab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268810","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108541589","display_name":"Cynthia Breazeal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-2065","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-2065"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268810","display_name":"MIT Media Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/0253jyq40","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268810"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia Breazeal","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Media Lab"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Media Lab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268810","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.677,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9972318,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"13","first_page":"16025","last_page":"16032"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.8628000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.8628000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.06260000169277191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.021199999377131462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-literacy","display_name":"AI literacy","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatbots","display_name":"chatbots","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intent-recognition","display_name":"intent classification","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"question answering","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"transformer models","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-educational-tools","display_name":"open-source educational tools","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/junior-high-school-students","display_name":"junior high school students","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-augmentation","display_name":"data augmentation","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-assistants","display_name":"voice assistants","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-curriculum","display_name":"school curriculum","score":0.3409999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870780","display_name":"Chatbot","level":2,"score":0.7895802855491638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.66090327501297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.5545793175697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.533865749835968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.4790705144405365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42407095432281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.4237586557865143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.41567230224609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.32580748200416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.15185895562171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v37i13.26903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i13.26903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i13.26903","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/26903/26675","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2212.07542","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2212.07542","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.07542","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.aaai.org:article/26903","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/26903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400155","display_name":"AAAI Publications (The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801652627","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801652627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2159-5399","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2212.07542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2212.07542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2212.07542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v37i13.26903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i13.26903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i13.26903","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/26903/26675","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382317893.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382317893.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996988972","https://openalex.org/W2134512579","https://openalex.org/W2171337930","https://openalex.org/W2284660317","https://openalex.org/W2301095666","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2792245983","https://openalex.org/W2799054028","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2923014074","https://openalex.org/W2963216553","https://openalex.org/W2963748441","https://openalex.org/W2965058023","https://openalex.org/W2978017171","https://openalex.org/W2981852735","https://openalex.org/W3030163527","https://openalex.org/W3033552209","https://openalex.org/W3162734203","https://openalex.org/W3174307976","https://openalex.org/W3174929835","https://openalex.org/W3188331065","https://openalex.org/W4214663417","https://openalex.org/W4230776473","https://openalex.org/W4289342549","https://openalex.org/W4292429913","https://openalex.org/W6638194910","https://openalex.org/W6718053083","https://openalex.org/W6772984392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7129048023","https://openalex.org/W4414983826","https://openalex.org/W7143327023","https://openalex.org/W4285201055","https://openalex.org/W3118487329","https://openalex.org/W7027307663","https://openalex.org/W4323528797","https://openalex.org/W7008887483","https://openalex.org/W7146759402","https://openalex.org/W7170178322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0,91],"artificial":[1,151],"intelligence":[2,152],"(AI)":[3],"becomes":[4],"a":[5,63,155,161,185,275],"prominent":[6],"part":[7],"of":[8,37,82,97,125,135,141,150,184,217,253,268],"modern":[9],"life,":[10],"AI":[11,28,42,67,126,223,248],"literacy":[12],"is":[13,62,138,191,262],"becoming":[14],"important":[15],"for":[16,65,76,102,144,242,272],"all":[17],"citizens,":[18],"not":[19,107],"just":[20],"those":[21],"in":[22,27,282],"technology":[23],"careers.":[24],"Previous":[25],"research":[26],"education":[29],"materials":[30],"has":[31],"largely":[32],"focused":[33],"on":[34,115,168,193],"the":[35,95,123,128,139,148,235,245,251],"introduction":[36],"terminology":[38],"as":[39,41,182,237],"well":[40],"use":[43,234],"cases":[44],"and":[45,73,104,190,208,232,288,291],"ethics,":[46],"but":[47,120],"few":[48],"allow":[49],"students":[50,103,145,201,231,273],"to":[51,85,106,146,159,164,187,264,286],"learn":[52,122,147],"by":[53,153,178,211],"creating":[54,221],"their":[55,88,110,116,169,179,222],"own":[56,111,117,170],"machine":[57],"learning":[58],"models.":[59],"Therefore,":[60],"there":[61],"need":[64],"enriching":[66],"educational":[68],"tools":[69],"with":[70,79,239,250],"more":[71],"adaptable":[72],"flexible":[74],"platforms":[75],"interested":[77],"educators":[78],"any":[80],"level":[81],"technical":[83],"experience":[84],"utilize":[86],"within":[87],"teaching":[89],"material.":[90],"such,":[92],"we":[93],"propose":[94],"development":[96],"an":[98,142,194],"open-source":[99],"tool":[100,261,285],"(Build-A-Bot)":[101],"teachers":[105,233],"only":[108],"create":[109],"transformer-based":[112],"chatbots":[113],"based":[114,167],"course":[118],"material":[119],"also":[121],"fundamentals":[124],"through":[127,215],"model":[129,163,174],"creation":[130,140],"process.":[131],"The":[132,173,198],"primary":[133],"concern":[134],"this":[136,269],"paper":[137],"interface":[143],"principles":[149],"using":[154],"natural":[156],"language":[157],"pipeline":[158,199,270],"train":[160],"customized":[162],"answer":[165,188],"questions":[166,189],"school":[171],"curriculums.":[172],"uses":[175],"contexts":[176],"given":[177],"instructor,":[180],"such":[181],"chapters":[183],"textbook,":[186],"deployed":[192],"interactive":[195],"chatbot/voice":[196],"agent.":[197],"teaches":[200],"data":[202,204],"collection,":[203],"augmentation,":[205],"intent":[206],"recognition,":[207],"question":[209],"answering":[210],"having":[212],"them":[213],"work":[214,229,279],"each":[216,266],"these":[218],"processes":[219],"while":[220],"agent,":[224],"diverging":[225],"from":[226],"previous":[227],"chatbot":[228],"where":[230],"bots":[236,246],"black-boxes":[238],"no":[240],"abilities":[241],"customization":[243],"or":[244],"lack":[247],"capabilities,":[249],"majority":[252],"dialogue":[254],"scripts":[255],"being":[256],"rule-based.":[257],"In":[258],"addition,":[259],"our":[260,284],"designed":[263],"make":[265],"step":[267],"intuitive":[271],"at":[274],"middle-school":[276],"level.":[277],"Further":[278],"primarily":[280],"lies":[281],"providing":[283],"schools":[287],"seeking":[289],"student":[290],"teacher":[292],"evaluations.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-06-28T00:00:00"}