{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382299295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102163","title":"Power Optimization of Systems for Direct Thermal to Electrical Energy Conversion","display_name":"Power Optimization of Systems for Direct Thermal to Electrical Energy Conversion","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382299295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102163"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics12102163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102163","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/10/2163/pdf?version=1683638055","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/10/2163/pdf?version=1683638055","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088502253","display_name":"Gabriele Ciarpi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6056-2553","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6056-2553"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Ciarpi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6056-2553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086441885","display_name":"Matteo Del Vecchio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Del Vecchio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065477595","display_name":"Elisabetta Dimaggio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7596-8839","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7596-8839"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisabetta Dimaggio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7596-8839","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034478383","display_name":"Massimo Macucci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7943-2441","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7943-2441"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Macucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7943-2441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001191100","display_name":"Giovanni Pennelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2774-3600","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2774-3600"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Pennelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2774-3600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001191100","https://openalex.org/A5088502253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2224},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2224},"fwci":0.0684,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19842669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"10","first_page":"2163","last_page":"2163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.020500000566244125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoelectric-generators","display_name":"thermoelectric generators","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-optimization","display_name":"power optimization","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dc-dc-converter","display_name":"DC-DC converter","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"energy storage","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-point-tracking","display_name":"maximum power point tracking","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-extraction","display_name":"power extraction","score":0.3569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117127486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11569191","display_name":"Thermoelectric generator","level":3,"score":0.7778700590133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40293303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electric power","level":3,"score":0.565127432346344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63024428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552456","display_name":"Thermoelectric effect","level":2,"score":0.5360169410705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98576551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841798","display_name":"Electric potential energy","level":3,"score":0.5255036354064941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47366222739219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107861326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209233","display_name":"Thermal energy","level":2,"score":0.46228790283203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4584940969944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.45151758193969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77715397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931447","display_name":"Electrical load","level":3,"score":0.4428449869155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4404093325138092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4381580352783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.38378655910491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3701867163181305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3551875948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2268296182155609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22255784273147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.10737055540084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08551374077796936}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics12102163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102163","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/10/2163/pdf?version=1683638055","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1200069","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1200069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1216937","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1216937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics12102163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102163","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/10/2163/pdf?version=1683638055","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":1.0,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.651199996471405,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317295","display_name":"Dipartimenti di Eccellenza","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382299295.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382299295.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000181253","https://openalex.org/W2048569169","https://openalex.org/W2102078809","https://openalex.org/W2340135973","https://openalex.org/W2479808812","https://openalex.org/W2519807116","https://openalex.org/W2560113984","https://openalex.org/W2594758347","https://openalex.org/W2780205388","https://openalex.org/W2785677811","https://openalex.org/W2790662298","https://openalex.org/W2794827990","https://openalex.org/W2805437346","https://openalex.org/W2912954415","https://openalex.org/W2979252245","https://openalex.org/W2995890979","https://openalex.org/W3028934903","https://openalex.org/W3093139575","https://openalex.org/W3133910793","https://openalex.org/W3162592931","https://openalex.org/W3164673853","https://openalex.org/W3211549812","https://openalex.org/W4307183629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789593110","https://openalex.org/W2913158688","https://openalex.org/W1596374879","https://openalex.org/W2980934138","https://openalex.org/W2921821333","https://openalex.org/W2479808812","https://openalex.org/W2075766926","https://openalex.org/W1494791001","https://openalex.org/W2746850350","https://openalex.org/W3211549812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thermoelectric":[0],"generators":[1,21],"(TEGs)":[2],"offer":[3],"the":[4,32,43,55,64,74,81,112,117,125,128,131,135],"possibility":[5],"of":[6,19,38,46,66,76,87,130],"extracting":[7],"electrical":[8,33,77,113],"power":[9,78,114,119],"from":[10],"any":[11],"heat":[12],"source,":[13],"including":[14],"low-enthalpy":[15],"heat.":[16],"The":[17,84,101,121],"operation":[18],"thermoelectric":[20,40,69],"is":[22,59],"closely":[23],"related":[24],"to":[25,72,80],"not":[26],"only":[27],"thermal":[28,48,82],"factors":[29],"but":[30],"also":[31],"load":[34],"conditions.":[35,83],"Consequently,":[36],"simulations":[37],"TEG-based":[39],"systems":[41],"require":[42],"adequate":[44],"modeling":[45],"both":[47],"and":[49,61,96,134],"electric":[50],"phenomena.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"developed":[56],"TEG":[57],"model":[58],"presented":[60],"verified":[62,139],"through":[63],"design":[65],"a":[67,88,90,107],"complete":[68],"system":[70,85,126],"able":[71],"optimize":[73],"extraction":[75,115],"according":[79],"consisted":[86],"TEG,":[89],"properly":[91],"designed":[92],"low-cost":[93],"DC/DC":[94,102,132],"converter,":[95,133],"an":[97],"energy":[98],"storage":[99],"element.":[100],"converter":[103],"was":[104],"controlled":[105],"by":[106],"specific":[108],"algorithm":[109,136],"that":[110],"optimized":[111],"following":[116],"maximum":[118],"point.":[120],"choices":[122],"adopted":[123],"for":[124],"design,":[127],"implementation":[129],"development":[137],"were":[138],"with":[140],"experimental":[141],"measurements.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-05T08:02:43.246662","created_date":"2023-06-28T00:00:00"}
