{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382010730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-023-01548-8","title":"Fidelity of D.A.R.E. Officers\u2019 Delivery of \u201ckeepin\u2019 it REAL\u201d in Elementary & Middle School","display_name":"Fidelity of D.A.R.E. Officers\u2019 Delivery of \u201ckeepin\u2019 it REAL\u201d in Elementary & Middle School","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382010730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-023-01548-8","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37358751","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10409848"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11121-023-01548-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-023-01548-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-023-01548-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11121-023-01548-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183721526","display_name":"Prevention Science","issn_l":"1389-4986","issn":["1389-4986","1573-6695"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Prevention Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11121-023-01548-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024811480","display_name":"Emily R. Beamon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5292-0114","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5292-0114"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","ror":"https://ror.org/04fnxsj42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emily R. Beamon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Piedmont Research Strategies, Greensboro, NC, USA. emilybeamon23@gmail.com","University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA. emilybeamon23@gmail.com","University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5292-0114","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Piedmont Research Strategies, Greensboro, NC, USA. emilybeamon23@gmail.com","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA. emilybeamon23@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021231439","display_name":"Robert A. Henson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","ror":"https://ror.org/04fnxsj42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert A. Henson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Samantha E. Kelly","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","ror":"https://ror.org/04fnxsj42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samantha E. Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010639465","display_name":"William B. Hansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0970-8000","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0970-8000"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","ror":"https://ror.org/04fnxsj42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William B. Hansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prevention Strategies, Greensboro, NC, USA","University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prevention Strategies, Greensboro, NC, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016736093","display_name":"David L. Wyrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-1668","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-1668"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","ror":"https://ror.org/04fnxsj42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David L. Wyrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024811480"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"fwci":0.5429,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60241552,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"985","last_page":"998"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.8345000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.8345000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12831","display_name":"School Health and Nursing Education","score":0.11640000343322754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dare-program","display_name":"DARE program","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keepin-it-real","display_name":"keepin' it REAL","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-prevention-programs","display_name":"drug prevention programs","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation-fidelity","display_name":"implementation fidelity","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"student engagement","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/junior-high-school-students","display_name":"junior high school students","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making-skills","display_name":"decision-making skills","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bullying","display_name":"bullying","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-ratings","display_name":"teacher ratings","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderated-mediation","display_name":"moderated mediation","score":0.40700000524520874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6721049547195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.6449102759361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155164915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403186","display_name":"Health psychology","level":3,"score":0.6214848160743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.5403578281402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4857959747314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4258174002170563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.33875614404678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2598467469215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20323887467384338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.09437510371208191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000070777","descriptor_name":"School Teachers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071195","descriptor_name":"Educational Personnel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003479","descriptor_name":"Curriculum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012574","descriptor_name":"Schools","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D033182","descriptor_name":"Intention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11121-023-01548-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-023-01548-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-023-01548-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11121-023-01548-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183721526","display_name":"Prevention Science","issn_l":"1389-4986","issn":["1389-4986","1573-6695"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Prevention Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10409848","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10409848","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10409848/pdf/11121_2023_Article_1548.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Prev Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37358751","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37358751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11121-023-01548-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-023-01548-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-023-01548-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11121-023-01548-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183721526","display_name":"Prevention Science","issn_l":"1389-4986","issn":["1389-4986","1573-6695"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Prevention Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.975600004196167,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382010730.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382010730.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577230560","https://openalex.org/W1979239694","https://openalex.org/W1985217675","https://openalex.org/W1991128325","https://openalex.org/W1996249603","https://openalex.org/W1999757085","https://openalex.org/W2001147879","https://openalex.org/W2006408450","https://openalex.org/W2015302984","https://openalex.org/W2020364527","https://openalex.org/W2035437181","https://openalex.org/W2044911205","https://openalex.org/W2060637645","https://openalex.org/W2080365072","https://openalex.org/W2085686526","https://openalex.org/W2098583289","https://openalex.org/W2102768793","https://openalex.org/W2104042969","https://openalex.org/W2116339156","https://openalex.org/W2132336796","https://openalex.org/W2132549459","https://openalex.org/W2135040841","https://openalex.org/W2135070890","https://openalex.org/W2140758366","https://openalex.org/W2141457515","https://openalex.org/W2151996058","https://openalex.org/W2157237504","https://openalex.org/W2158672897","https://openalex.org/W2163287225","https://openalex.org/W2591009540","https://openalex.org/W2620159394","https://openalex.org/W2910354311","https://openalex.org/W2954194295","https://openalex.org/W3094920846","https://openalex.org/W7074018156"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972258551","https://openalex.org/W1996249603","https://openalex.org/W7052025254","https://openalex.org/W2620159394","https://openalex.org/W813536244","https://openalex.org/W2154250442","https://openalex.org/W2037120812","https://openalex.org/W2794333664","https://openalex.org/W1998301984","https://openalex.org/W4308020202"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"goal":[1],"of":[2,14,16,74,85,100,107,114,133,139,142,174,198,214],"the":[3,9,86,140,146],"current":[4],"study":[5],"is":[6],"to":[7,11,49,81,126,128,151,169,201,204,210,221],"examine":[8],"degree":[10],"which":[12],"measures":[13],"quality":[15,141,197,213],"implementation":[17,199,215],"and":[18,55,58,65,71,76,97,130,178],"student":[19,108],"engagement":[20,93],"moderate":[21],"pretest-posttest":[22],"changes":[23,101,224],"in":[24,79,102,112,208,225],"mediating":[25],"variables":[26,177],"that":[27,91],"are":[28],"targeted":[29,103],"by":[30,218],"DARE":[31,35,44,82],"\"keepin'":[32,45],"it":[33,46],"REAL.\"":[34],"officers":[36],"(10":[37],"elementary":[38,51,75,185],"school,":[39],"five":[40],"middle":[41,60,77,187],"school)":[42],"taught":[43],"REAL":[47],"lessons":[48],"1,017":[50],"students":[52,62],"(480":[53],"boys":[54,64],"534":[56],"girls)":[57],"435":[59],"school":[61,188],"(217":[63],"215":[66],"girls).":[67],"We":[68],"examined":[69],"teachers'":[70],"students'":[72,92,124,131,153,211,226],"ratings":[73,106,138],"schools":[78],"response":[80],"officers'":[83],"delivery":[84],"program.":[87],"HLM":[88],"analyses":[89],"revealed":[90],"was":[94],"a":[95,180],"significant":[96],"meaningful":[98],"predictor":[99],"mediators.":[104],"Teachers'":[105,137],"responsiveness":[109],"added":[110,200],"little":[111],"terms":[113],"understanding":[115,152,196],"these":[116,193],"outcomes":[117],"with":[118],"main":[119],"effects":[120],"observed":[121],"only":[122],"for":[123,158,184,192],"ability":[125,203],"respond":[127],"bulling":[129],"estimates":[132],"peer":[134],"drug":[135,163,171],"use.":[136],"officer":[143],"implementation,":[144],"on":[145],"other":[147],"hand,":[148],"did":[149],"add":[150],"outcomes.":[154,227],"Effects":[155],"were":[156],"seen":[157],"three":[159,194],"(peer":[160],"norms":[161],"about":[162],"use,":[164],"decision-making":[165],"(DM)":[166],"skills,":[167],"intentions":[168],"avoid":[170],"use)":[172],"out":[173],"six":[175],"outcome":[176],"suggest":[179],"stronger":[181],"positive":[182,223],"effect":[183],"versus":[186],"students.":[189],"At":[190],"least":[191],"outcomes,":[195],"our":[202],"interpret":[205],"results.":[206],"Specifically,":[207],"addition":[209],"engagement,":[212],"(which":[216],"varied":[217],"grade)":[219],"contributed":[220],"achieving":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-06-27T00:00:00"}