{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381884723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198885962.001.0001","title":"How to Pool Risks Across Generations","display_name":"How to Pool Risks Across Generations","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381884723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198885962.001.0001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780198885962.001.0001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198885962.001.0001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198885962.001.0001","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081684224","display_name":"Michael Otsuka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-1712","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-1712"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Otsuka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor of Philosophy, Rutgers-New Brunswick"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Philosophy, Rutgers-New Brunswick","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081684224"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.0431,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99120879,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.926800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.926800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.02370000071823597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13825","display_name":"Economic Policies and Impacts","score":0.015799999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longevity-risk","display_name":"longevity risk","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-risk","display_name":"investment risk","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-insurance","display_name":"mutual insurance","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-cooperation","display_name":"social cooperation","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocity","display_name":"reciprocity","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pensions","display_name":"pensions","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/future-self","display_name":"future self","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-transfer","display_name":"resource transfer","score":0.3709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780899237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156223","display_name":"Pension","level":2,"score":0.6886919140815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5025296211242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3264987","display_name":"Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)","level":2,"score":0.45517778396606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.4515319764614105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776825616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4348624","display_name":"Private pension","level":3,"score":0.4249994158744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.38314104080200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3502013087272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3214348554611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.23117932677268982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.16579744219779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780198885962.001.0001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198885962.001.0001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198885962.001.0001","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W169219175","https://openalex.org/W631710528","https://openalex.org/W1534593880","https://openalex.org/W1541524880","https://openalex.org/W1598304099","https://openalex.org/W1676455697","https://openalex.org/W1822961169","https://openalex.org/W1966340639","https://openalex.org/W2023643741","https://openalex.org/W2071163746","https://openalex.org/W2201030035","https://openalex.org/W2252286831","https://openalex.org/W2287430898","https://openalex.org/W2288787107","https://openalex.org/W2315408070","https://openalex.org/W2479920742","https://openalex.org/W2501506271","https://openalex.org/W2564228858","https://openalex.org/W2578986285","https://openalex.org/W2751975799","https://openalex.org/W2937700901","https://openalex.org/W3088997365","https://openalex.org/W3121461469","https://openalex.org/W3122778697","https://openalex.org/W3123495046","https://openalex.org/W3163049892","https://openalex.org/W3197960275","https://openalex.org/W4230124214","https://openalex.org/W4246820490","https://openalex.org/W4298884778","https://openalex.org/W4388082019"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396801183","https://openalex.org/W4381884928","https://openalex.org/W4406832862","https://openalex.org/W7218354759","https://openalex.org/W4381889245","https://openalex.org/W7110700579","https://openalex.org/W7111902173","https://openalex.org/W4406832815","https://openalex.org/W6989916896","https://openalex.org/W2419370691"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"How":[1],"to":[2,72,120,133,171,216,225,235],"Pool":[3],"Risks":[4],"across":[5,31,45,117,229],"Generations":[6],"makes":[7],"the":[8,11,23,61,85,118,135,181,186,202,211,236],"case":[9],"for":[10,103],"collective":[12,122,150,196],"provision":[13],"of":[14,19,25,65,84,124,159,205,213,239],"pensions,":[15],"on":[16,95],"fair":[17],"terms":[18],"social":[20,160],"cooperation.":[21],"Through":[22],"insurance":[24],"a":[26,92,96,156,175,195],"mutual":[27,237],"association":[28],"which":[29,166],"extends":[30],"society":[32],"and":[33,48,87,116,193],"over":[34],"multiple":[35],"generations,":[36,234],"we":[37,137],"share":[38],"one":[39],"another\u2019s":[40],"fates":[41],"by":[42,169],"pooling":[43],"risks":[44,136,227],"both":[46],"space":[47],"time.":[49],"Resources":[50],"are":[51],"transferred,":[52],"not":[53],"simply":[54],"between":[55,180],"different":[56],"people,":[57],"but":[58],"also":[59],"within":[60,115,233],"possible":[62,132,224],"future":[63,76],"lives":[64],"each":[66,142],"person:":[67],"from":[68],"one\u2019s":[69,73],"more":[70],"fortunate":[71,75],"less":[74],"selves.":[77],"The":[78],"book":[79],"opens":[80],"with":[81,143],"an":[82,162],"investigation":[83],"longevity":[86],"investment":[88],"risk":[89],"that":[90,177],"even":[91],"single":[93],"individual":[94],"desert":[97],"island":[98],"would":[99,138],"face":[100,139],"in":[101,174],"providing":[102],"her":[104],"old":[105],"age.":[106],"From":[107],"this":[108],"atomistic":[109],"starting":[110],"point,":[111],"it":[112,130],"builds":[113],"up,":[114],"chapters,":[119],"increasingly":[121],"forms":[123],"pension":[125,147,151,197],"provision.":[126],"By":[127],"joining":[128],"together,":[129],"is":[131,167,222],"tame":[134],"as":[140,155,201,230,232],"individuals,":[141],"our":[144],"own":[145],"private":[146],"pot.":[148],"A":[149],"can":[152],"be":[153],"justified":[154],"\u2018social":[157],"union":[158],"unions\u2019:":[161],"enduring":[163],"corporate":[164],"body,":[165],"formed":[168],"agreements":[170],"pool":[172],"risks,":[173],"manner":[176],"involves":[178],"reciprocity":[179],"various":[182],"individuals":[183,191],"who":[184,219],"constitute":[185],"collective.":[187],"Even":[188],"though":[189],"all":[190],"age":[192,204],"die,":[194],"scheme":[198],"remains":[199,207],"evergreen,":[200],"average":[203],"members":[206,215],"relatively":[208],"unchanged,":[209],"through":[210],"influx":[212],"new":[214],"replace":[217],"those":[218],"retire.":[220],"It":[221],"therefore":[223],"smooth":[226],"indefinitely":[228],"well":[231],"advantage":[238],"each.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-06-25T00:00:00"}