{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381854483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197664063.003.0003","title":"Tonality as a Colonizing Force in Africa","display_name":"Tonality as a Colonizing Force in Africa","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381854483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197664063.003.0003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780197664063.003.0003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197664063.003.0003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197664063.003.0003","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"On African Music","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381889447","display_name":"On African Music"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044017395","display_name":"Kofi Agawu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kofi Agawu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044017395"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.16,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98573104,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"53","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10941","display_name":"Musicology and Musical Analysis","score":0.8988999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10941","display_name":"Musicology and Musical Analysis","score":0.8988999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13996","display_name":"Diverse Musicological Studies","score":0.0794999971985817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11113","display_name":"Music History and Culture","score":0.009700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tonality","display_name":"tonality","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-music","display_name":"African music","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christian-missionaries","display_name":"Christian missionaries","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pitch-organization","display_name":"pitch organization","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundscape","display_name":"soundscape","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/musical-consciousness","display_name":"musical consciousness","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-and-music","display_name":"music and language","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ghana","display_name":"Ghana","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nigeria","display_name":"Nigeria","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-african-republic","display_name":"Central African Republic","score":0.9940000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776275044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192822","display_name":"Tonality","level":3,"score":0.9879190921783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.5134575963020325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.4753439426422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.45702242851257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142795923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1358257","display_name":"Soundscape","level":3,"score":0.443805456161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98717390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3043208","display_name":"Ostensive definition","level":2,"score":0.4139930009841919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.37945181131362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.31394147872924805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.2595193088054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.24699583649635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21976402401924133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.18414431810379028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1650753617286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.09948670864105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780197664063.003.0003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197664063.003.0003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197664063.003.0003","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"On African Music","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":206,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10017473","https://openalex.org/W281781743","https://openalex.org/W291998122","https://openalex.org/W361590146","https://openalex.org/W395969091","https://openalex.org/W398532576","https://openalex.org/W562827531","https://openalex.org/W568274593","https://openalex.org/W573179751","https://openalex.org/W601452120","https://openalex.org/W603260118","https://openalex.org/W614860950","https://openalex.org/W622700448","https://openalex.org/W624470574","https://openalex.org/W625231215","https://openalex.org/W630584109","https://openalex.org/W643031199","https://openalex.org/W646129887","https://openalex.org/W646406894","https://openalex.org/W647353894","https://openalex.org/W652008066","https://openalex.org/W654456930","https://openalex.org/W655861970","https://openalex.org/W657306350","https://openalex.org/W1488973119","https://openalex.org/W1504087364","https://openalex.org/W1509177859","https://openalex.org/W1511836737","https://openalex.org/W1512353572","https://openalex.org/W1512947641","https://openalex.org/W1552895510","https://openalex.org/W1565785942","https://openalex.org/W1573672639","https://openalex.org/W1583601776","https://openalex.org/W1592699648","https://openalex.org/W1595986712","https://openalex.org/W1606616163","https://openalex.org/W1812649399","https://openalex.org/W1867228811","https://openalex.org/W1964181715","https://openalex.org/W1964705252","https://openalex.org/W1967540990","https://openalex.org/W1972722569","https://openalex.org/W1977303273","https://openalex.org/W1980337367","https://openalex.org/W1989570721","https://openalex.org/W2006108043","https://openalex.org/W2016285967","https://openalex.org/W2021099719","https://openalex.org/W2021604592","https://openalex.org/W2022460558","https://openalex.org/W2031068159","https://openalex.org/W2032274744","https://openalex.org/W2032688387","https://openalex.org/W2041895595","https://openalex.org/W2045426500","https://openalex.org/W2061075772","https://openalex.org/W2063325829","https://openalex.org/W2064084885","https://openalex.org/W2066384895","https://openalex.org/W2067123390","https://openalex.org/W2070585507","https://openalex.org/W2077285827","https://openalex.org/W2080741464","https://openalex.org/W2085634226","https://openalex.org/W2086024702","https://openalex.org/W2100474846","https://openalex.org/W2112651141","https://openalex.org/W2115863035","https://openalex.org/W2122476949","https://openalex.org/W2133700293","https://openalex.org/W2142222447","https://openalex.org/W2163272830","https://openalex.org/W2171343583","https://openalex.org/W2183878887","https://openalex.org/W2255629585","https://openalex.org/W2258392014","https://openalex.org/W2265438770","https://openalex.org/W2281436481","https://openalex.org/W2288984083","https://openalex.org/W2300978160","https://openalex.org/W2301378016","https://openalex.org/W2314786969","https://openalex.org/W2315455049","https://openalex.org/W2316219242","https://openalex.org/W2316239247","https://openalex.org/W2316256520","https://openalex.org/W2316435150","https://openalex.org/W2317330748","https://openalex.org/W2318718168","https://openalex.org/W2320657624","https://openalex.org/W2320798512","https://openalex.org/W2321077696","https://openalex.org/W2321754760","https://openalex.org/W2322858152","https://openalex.org/W2324913910","https://openalex.org/W2325777323","https://openalex.org/W2326017395","https://openalex.org/W2326408190","https://openalex.org/W2327930652","https://openalex.org/W2329357798","https://openalex.org/W2330978518","https://openalex.org/W2333855476","https://openalex.org/W2339008536","https://openalex.org/W2344162135","https://openalex.org/W2346141107","https://openalex.org/W2399132343","https://openalex.org/W2402397843","https://openalex.org/W2460156831","https://openalex.org/W2477542776","https://openalex.org/W2478372417","https://openalex.org/W2482082909","https://openalex.org/W2491167371","https://openalex.org/W2492542898","https://openalex.org/W2498157972","https://openalex.org/W2504455577","https://openalex.org/W2505375659","https://openalex.org/W2510618963","https://openalex.org/W2525573702","https://openalex.org/W2534654025","https://openalex.org/W2547472794","https://openalex.org/W2566129194","https://openalex.org/W2568796107","https://openalex.org/W2586159988","https://openalex.org/W2613443121","https://openalex.org/W2616880359","https://openalex.org/W2617226328","https://openalex.org/W2746653844","https://openalex.org/W2753869414","https://openalex.org/W2765301580","https://openalex.org/W2790370063","https://openalex.org/W2791063328","https://openalex.org/W2792818344","https://openalex.org/W2795504376","https://openalex.org/W2796009383","https://openalex.org/W2796277022","https://openalex.org/W2796586815","https://openalex.org/W2796702956","https://openalex.org/W2796741712","https://openalex.org/W2797180672","https://openalex.org/W2800797451","https://openalex.org/W2800981105","https://openalex.org/W2801063616","https://openalex.org/W2802435436","https://openalex.org/W2811140857","https://openalex.org/W2896437877","https://openalex.org/W2903589842","https://openalex.org/W2910218080","https://openalex.org/W2944831925","https://openalex.org/W2945664314","https://openalex.org/W2972598350","https://openalex.org/W2991003111","https://openalex.org/W3008482317","https://openalex.org/W3020835096","https://openalex.org/W3030551305","https://openalex.org/W3037897493","https://openalex.org/W3083011203","https://openalex.org/W3091841357","https://openalex.org/W3095035507","https://openalex.org/W3097612952","https://openalex.org/W3132408626","https://openalex.org/W3140053375","https://openalex.org/W3150607080","https://openalex.org/W3162822741","https://openalex.org/W3163179652","https://openalex.org/W3169326088","https://openalex.org/W3174694749","https://openalex.org/W3183080081","https://openalex.org/W3209669451","https://openalex.org/W4206135184","https://openalex.org/W4210613969","https://openalex.org/W4212970567","https://openalex.org/W4230939347","https://openalex.org/W4231125486","https://openalex.org/W4232390636","https://openalex.org/W4233694560","https://openalex.org/W4236533278","https://openalex.org/W4237110263","https://openalex.org/W4243265340","https://openalex.org/W4244748737","https://openalex.org/W4244970822","https://openalex.org/W4245448705","https://openalex.org/W4249391977","https://openalex.org/W4250344865","https://openalex.org/W4250525568","https://openalex.org/W4251352271","https://openalex.org/W4252232153","https://openalex.org/W4252583216","https://openalex.org/W4252619366","https://openalex.org/W4253086197","https://openalex.org/W4253677939","https://openalex.org/W4254987971","https://openalex.org/W4255247950","https://openalex.org/W4255385143","https://openalex.org/W4286900479","https://openalex.org/W4291899968","https://openalex.org/W4301654748","https://openalex.org/W4301959139","https://openalex.org/W4302771476","https://openalex.org/W4362647569","https://openalex.org/W4376122380","https://openalex.org/W4399967251","https://openalex.org/W4400248478","https://openalex.org/W4404979727","https://openalex.org/W6767610992","https://openalex.org/W6808656883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3164167251","https://openalex.org/W1978010729","https://openalex.org/W7052876996","https://openalex.org/W3169582723","https://openalex.org/W4233270177","https://openalex.org/W4381889447","https://openalex.org/W4243717740","https://openalex.org/W4411254751","https://openalex.org/W1529830970","https://openalex.org/W2987094641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,106],"chapter":[2,107],"argues":[3],"that":[4,71,150],"tonality,":[5,152],"the":[6,43,66,96,124,130,138,172,176],"single":[7],"most":[8],"influential":[9],"system":[10,26],"of":[11,27,51,60,99,103,133,140,165,178],"pitch":[12,146],"organization":[13],"in":[14,23,36,42,89],"European":[15],"music,":[16],"has":[17,32,85,93,162,170],"functioned":[18],"as":[19,142],"a":[20,82,143,153],"colonizing":[21],"force":[22],"Africa.":[24],"A":[25],"manifestly":[28],"foreign":[29],"origins,":[30],"tonality":[31,52,75,78],"gained":[33],"increasing":[34],"visibility":[35],"Africa":[37],"since":[38],"it":[39,86,94,169],"was":[40,70],"introduced":[41],"nineteenth":[44],"century":[45],"by":[46],"Christian":[47],"missionaries.":[48],"What":[49,69],"forms":[50,164],"were":[53],"exported":[54],"to":[55,81,182,185],"Africa,":[56,90,121,168],"and":[57,91,101,123,136,158],"what":[58],"sorts":[59],"traces":[61],"have":[62],"they":[63],"left":[64],"on":[65,113],"African":[67,104,126],"soundscape?":[68],"soundscape":[72],"like":[73],"before":[74],"arrived?":[76],"If":[77],"is":[79],"akin":[80],"language,":[83],"how":[84,92],"been":[87],"\u201cspoken\u201d":[88],"shaped":[95],"musical":[97,156],"consciousness":[98],"producers":[100],"consumers":[102],"music?":[105],"addresses":[108],"these":[109],"questions":[110],"through":[111],"commentary":[112],"carefully":[114],"chosen":[115],"music":[116,135],"examples":[117],"from":[118],"Ghana,":[119],"South":[120],"Nigeria,":[122],"Central":[125],"Republic.":[127],"It":[128,148],"emphasizes":[129],"modal":[131],"ambience":[132],"pre-European":[134],"underlines":[137],"potential":[139,180],"language":[141],"basis":[144],"for":[145],"organization.":[147],"concludes":[149],"while":[151],"symbolically":[154],"freighted":[155],"resource":[157],"an":[159],"ideological":[160],"package,":[161],"enabled":[163],"creativity":[166,183],"throughout":[167],"at":[171],"same":[173],"time":[174],"inhibited":[175],"pursuit":[177],"many":[179],"avenues":[181],"beholden":[184],"indigenous":[186],"expression.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2023-06-25T00:00:00"}
