{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381660874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13070986","title":"Effect of Pulse Frequency on Microstructure, Friction and Wear Properties of Inconel 718 Coatings Prepared via Laser Cladding","display_name":"Effect of Pulse Frequency on Microstructure, Friction and Wear Properties of Inconel 718 Coatings Prepared via Laser Cladding","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381660874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13070986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryst13070986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13070986","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13070986","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/7/986/pdf?version=1687325070","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196485","display_name":"Crystals","issn_l":"2073-4352","issn":["2073-4352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Crystals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/7/986/pdf?version=1687325070","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003219006","display_name":"Jun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0276-9679","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0276-9679"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123686","display_name":"Quzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/024nfx323","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371263","display_name":"Sheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2683-6987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2683-6987"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096600","display_name":"Quzhou College of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q0v3357","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096600"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou 324000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou 324000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096600"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104133375","display_name":"Donghang Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123686","display_name":"Quzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/024nfx323","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donghang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100572334","display_name":"Hanwen Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123686","display_name":"Quzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/024nfx323","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanwen Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003131824","display_name":"Jianchen Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8292-9291","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8292-9291"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123686","display_name":"Quzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/024nfx323","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianchen Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8292-9291","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115590181","display_name":"Xiaohong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9352-7853","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9352-7853"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152737","display_name":"Jinhua University of Vocational Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/047hbb113","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152737"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academician Expert Workstation, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321017, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academician Expert Workstation, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321017, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003131824","https://openalex.org/A5115590181"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686","https://openalex.org/I4210152737"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2224},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2224},"fwci":0.4772,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52290512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"7","first_page":"986","last_page":"986"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":0.7846999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":0.7846999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.15839999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11200","display_name":"Electrodeposition and Electroless Coatings","score":0.011300000362098217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inconel-718","display_name":"Inconel 718","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-cladding","display_name":"laser cladding","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulsed-laser-deposition","display_name":"pulsed laser deposition","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-frequency","display_name":"pulse frequency","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coating-microstructure","display_name":"coating microstructure","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laves-phase","display_name":"Laves phase","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/niobium-segregation","display_name":"niobium segregation","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dendrite-refinement","display_name":"dendrite refinement","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooling-rate","display_name":"cooling rate","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microhardness","display_name":"microhardness","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friction-coefficient","display_name":"friction coefficient","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wear-rate","display_name":"wear rate","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-boundary-strengthening","display_name":"grain boundary strengthening","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/si3n4-counterface","display_name":"Si3N4 counterface","score":0.7350000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.9002417325973511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167310744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193870","display_name":"Tribology","level":2,"score":0.7967714071273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.7923307418823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778703219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898562","display_name":"Inconel","level":3,"score":0.7576277256011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165720898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150000","display_name":"Indentation hardness","level":3,"score":0.6207574605941772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.5965288877487183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.5716789960861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.5466102957725525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162681261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384836","display_name":"Tribometer","level":3,"score":0.5453665852546692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.5081193447113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776878729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901671","display_name":"Laves phase","level":4,"score":0.4881196916103363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65590680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909482","display_name":"Volume fraction","level":2,"score":0.4793170690536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4487426280975342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36456112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288064","display_name":"Cladding (metalworking)","level":2,"score":0.41777315735816956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27501479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428069","display_name":"Intermetallic","level":3,"score":0.19442486763000488}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryst13070986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13070986","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13070986","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/7/986/pdf?version=1687325070","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196485","display_name":"Crystals","issn_l":"2073-4352","issn":["2073-4352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Crystals","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:81c1bcbe934e4a6ca21640b50b7f4ffd","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/81c1bcbe934e4a6ca21640b50b7f4ffd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Crystals, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 986 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryst13070986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13070986","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13070986","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/7/986/pdf?version=1687325070","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196485","display_name":"Crystals","issn_l":"2073-4352","issn":["2073-4352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Crystals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338465","display_name":"Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381660874.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381660874.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W623231525","https://openalex.org/W1613117550","https://openalex.org/W1976593898","https://openalex.org/W1994317014","https://openalex.org/W2060725310","https://openalex.org/W2074722818","https://openalex.org/W2075997926","https://openalex.org/W2079045180","https://openalex.org/W2087675850","https://openalex.org/W2159566078","https://openalex.org/W2175986458","https://openalex.org/W2267117247","https://openalex.org/W2275835159","https://openalex.org/W2548002818","https://openalex.org/W2593734724","https://openalex.org/W2782055749","https://openalex.org/W2791063905","https://openalex.org/W2792573649","https://openalex.org/W2897423593","https://openalex.org/W2938687945","https://openalex.org/W2955176006","https://openalex.org/W3004016651","https://openalex.org/W3025551809","https://openalex.org/W3033543022","https://openalex.org/W3164093859","https://openalex.org/W4206727207"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2467845635","https://openalex.org/W3161614985","https://openalex.org/W4388704745","https://openalex.org/W7162108219","https://openalex.org/W4408446714","https://openalex.org/W4389011060","https://openalex.org/W4366528095","https://openalex.org/W4280652034","https://openalex.org/W4401872028","https://openalex.org/W4362447385"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,13,43,97,116,160],"Inconel":[1],"718":[2],"alloy":[3],"clad":[4],"coating":[5,101],"was":[6],"successfully":[7],"prepared":[8],"via":[9,33],"pulsed":[10],"laser":[11],"deposition.":[12],"effect":[14],"of":[15,21,27,56,77,99,148],"pulse":[16,51],"frequency":[17],"on":[18],"the":[19,28,48,53,64,75,78,100,110,125,145,149,163,171],"evolution":[20],"microstructure,":[22],"hardness":[23,98,164],"and":[24,40,67,70,88,109,124,165],"tribological":[25,111,166],"properties":[26],"as-deposited":[29],"samples":[30],"were":[31,168],"analyzed":[32],"scanning":[34],"electron":[35],"microscopy":[36],"(SEM),":[37],"microhardness":[38],"tester":[39],"ball-on-plate":[41],"tribometer.":[42],"results":[44],"showed":[45],"that":[46,144],"with":[47],"decrease":[49],"in":[50,162],"frequency,":[52],"cooling":[54],"rate":[55,127],"molten":[57],"pool":[58],"increases":[59],"gradually,":[60],"which":[61],"effectively":[62],"refines":[63],"\u03b3-(Ni,":[65],"Cr,":[66],"Fe)":[68],"dendrites":[69],"restrains":[71],"Nb":[72],"segregation.":[73],"Hence,":[74],"morphology":[76],"brittle":[79],"Laves":[80],"phase":[81],"changed":[82],"from":[83,93,103,120,129,154],"long":[84],"chained":[85],"to":[86,95,106,122,134,157,170],"granular":[87],"its":[89],"volume":[90],"fraction":[91],"decreased":[92,119,128],"6.59%":[94],"2.41%.":[96],"increased":[102,153],"261":[104],"HV0.1":[105,108],"297":[107],"property":[112,167],"also":[113,141],"improved":[114],"simultaneously.":[115],"friction":[117],"coefficient":[118],"0.2387":[121],"0.2066,":[123],"wear":[126,146],"27.30":[130],"\u00d7":[131,136],"10\u22124":[132,137],"mg\u00b7N\u22121\u00b7m\u22121":[133],"19.15":[135],"mg\u00b7N\u22121\u00b7m\u22121.":[138],"It":[139],"can":[140],"be":[142],"observed":[143],"area":[147],"counterpart,":[150],"Si3N4":[151],"ball,":[152],"2.016":[155],"mm2":[156],"2.662":[158],"mm2.":[159],"increase":[161],"attributed":[169],"grain":[172],"refining":[173],"strengthening.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2023-06-23T00:00:00"}