{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380685190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.348","title":"Social media governance and strategies to combat online hatespeech in Germany","display_name":"Social media governance and strategies to combat online hatespeech in Germany","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380685190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/poi3.348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.348","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/poi3.348","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2170549","display_name":"Policy & Internet","issn_l":"1944-2866","issn":["1944-2866"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Policy & Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/poi3.348","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068245060","display_name":"Daniela Stockmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-2752","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-2752","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-2588"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24830596","display_name":"Hertie School","ror":"https://ror.org/0473a4773","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24830596"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniela Stockmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Digital Governance, Hertie School, Friedrichstrasse, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-2752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Digital Governance, Hertie School, Friedrichstrasse, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24830596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069942033","display_name":"Sophia Schlosser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1107-928X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1107-928X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophia Schlosser","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092171350","display_name":"Paxia Ksatryo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24830596","display_name":"Hertie School","ror":"https://ror.org/0473a4773","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24830596"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paxia Ksatryo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Digital Governance, Hertie School, Friedrichstrasse, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Digital Governance, Hertie School, Friedrichstrasse, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24830596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068245060"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24830596"],"apc_list":{"value":3240,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3240},"apc_paid":{"value":3240,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3240},"fwci":16.0865,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98816779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"627","last_page":"645"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14432","display_name":"Freedom of Expression and Defamation","score":0.7651000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14432","display_name":"Freedom of Expression and Defamation","score":0.7651000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.09600000083446503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.058800000697374344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-hate-speech","display_name":"online hate speech","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media-governance","display_name":"social media governance","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-enforcement-act-netzdg","display_name":"Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG)","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations-practitioners","display_name":"public relations practitioners","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-moderation","display_name":"content moderation","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterspeech","display_name":"counterspeech","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-harassment","display_name":"online harassment","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-society-organizations","display_name":"civil society organizations","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-institutions","display_name":"public sector institutions","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germany","display_name":"Germany","score":0.6520000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780838233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836925","display_name":"Complaint","level":2,"score":0.7486993074417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513891491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181865","display_name":"Civil society","level":3,"score":0.6472212076187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.6396520733833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5963059663772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.593967854976654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.538006067276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.48508965969085693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.445955753326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.4354107677936554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.4163534939289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3922395408153534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3693985939025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1839982569217682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/poi3.348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.348","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/poi3.348","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2170549","display_name":"Policy & Internet","issn_l":"1944-2866","issn":["1944-2866"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Policy & Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kobv.de-opus4-hsog:5020","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-hsog/frontdoor/index/index/docId/5020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402087","display_name":"OPUS 4 (Zuse Institute Berlin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I195893171","host_organization_name":"Zuse Institute Berlin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195893171"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/poi3.348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.348","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/poi3.348","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2170549","display_name":"Policy & Internet","issn_l":"1944-2866","issn":["1944-2866"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Policy & Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329554","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend","ror":"https://ror.org/056ja1h98"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380685190.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380685190.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87692241","https://openalex.org/W203685163","https://openalex.org/W629344711","https://openalex.org/W635786648","https://openalex.org/W1505799113","https://openalex.org/W1599199962","https://openalex.org/W1976553020","https://openalex.org/W1996299709","https://openalex.org/W1996760592","https://openalex.org/W2017845842","https://openalex.org/W2040613920","https://openalex.org/W2064124428","https://openalex.org/W2108704908","https://openalex.org/W2112564319","https://openalex.org/W2123308448","https://openalex.org/W2127001553","https://openalex.org/W2138067375","https://openalex.org/W2145817486","https://openalex.org/W2320089063","https://openalex.org/W2321590824","https://openalex.org/W2328035621","https://openalex.org/W2404958227","https://openalex.org/W2418559945","https://openalex.org/W2521019435","https://openalex.org/W2556249083","https://openalex.org/W2586523810","https://openalex.org/W2796346703","https://openalex.org/W2805572334","https://openalex.org/W2898078565","https://openalex.org/W2945922253","https://openalex.org/W2954407701","https://openalex.org/W2955220988","https://openalex.org/W2955554613","https://openalex.org/W2955731755","https://openalex.org/W2991138171","https://openalex.org/W2998058481","https://openalex.org/W3004768333","https://openalex.org/W3008694996","https://openalex.org/W3012266560","https://openalex.org/W3022659481","https://openalex.org/W3040510922","https://openalex.org/W3090267106","https://openalex.org/W3162459176","https://openalex.org/W3197608873","https://openalex.org/W3209748966","https://openalex.org/W3212965473","https://openalex.org/W4200047633","https://openalex.org/W4200075412","https://openalex.org/W4200232392","https://openalex.org/W4205416719","https://openalex.org/W4206429981","https://openalex.org/W4211179769","https://openalex.org/W4243671768","https://openalex.org/W4250503870","https://openalex.org/W4281562637","https://openalex.org/W4285676325"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245336701","https://openalex.org/W4285676325","https://openalex.org/W2991572075","https://openalex.org/W2913653331","https://openalex.org/W4283527490","https://openalex.org/W3209246656","https://openalex.org/W7112456209","https://openalex.org/W4225164685","https://openalex.org/W7023706546","https://openalex.org/W4230414918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Concerns":[1],"over":[2],"online":[3,52,141,153],"hatespeech":[4,53,142],"have":[5],"prompted":[6],"governments":[7],"to":[8,41,51,98,100,112,138,151],"strengthen":[9],"social":[10],"media":[11],"governance.":[12],"However,":[13],"claims":[14],"by":[15,146],"policy\u2010makers":[16],"and":[17,23,37,90,117],"political":[18,91],"activists":[19],"regarding":[20],"the":[21,43,56,60,65,101],"effectiveness":[22],"likely":[24,97,111],"consequences":[25],"of":[26,45,58,120,127],"legal":[27],"regulations":[28],"remain":[29],"largely":[30],"untested.":[31],"We":[32],"rely":[33],"on":[34,77,135],"qualitative":[35],"interviews":[36],"two":[38],"expert":[39],"surveys":[40],"examine":[42],"behavior":[44],"public":[46,82],"relations":[47],"professionals":[48,79],"in":[49],"response":[50],"when":[54],"having":[55],"option":[57],"using":[59],"new":[61],"user\u2010complaint":[62,136],"mechanism":[63],"under":[64,105],"German":[66],"Network":[67],"Enforcement":[68],"Act":[69],"(NetzDG).":[70],"Our":[71],"findings":[72],"reveal":[73],"that":[74],"strategies":[75],"depend":[76],"whether":[78],"work":[80],"at":[81],"sector":[83,94],"institutions,":[84],"business,":[85],"or":[86],"civil":[87],"society":[88,108],"organizations":[89,109],"parties.":[92],"Public":[93],"institutions":[95],"are":[96,110],"report":[99],"platform,":[102],"but":[103],"not":[104,144],"NetzDG.":[106],"Civil":[107],"choose":[113],"content":[114],"moderation,":[115],"counterspeech,":[116],"other":[118],"forms":[119],"intervention.":[121],"Businesses":[122],"deploy":[123],"a":[124,149],"wide":[125],"range":[126],"strategies.":[128],"In":[129],"practice,":[130],"Germany's":[131],"procedural":[132],"approach":[133],"relying":[134],"mechanisms":[137],"deal":[139],"with":[140],"is":[143],"used":[145],"experts":[147],"as":[148],"means":[150],"combat":[152],"harassment.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2023-06-15T00:00:00"}