{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380484237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122651","title":"The Impact of 6G-IoT Technologies on the Development of Agriculture 5.0: A Review","display_name":"The Impact of 6G-IoT Technologies on the Development of Agriculture 5.0: A Review","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380484237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122651"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics12122651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122651","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/12/2651/pdf?version=1686647084","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/12/2651/pdf?version=1686647084","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085438438","display_name":"Sofia Polymeni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9829-0194","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9829-0194"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98805295","display_name":"University of the Aegean","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsp3p94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sofia Polymeni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9829-0194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092155056","display_name":"Stefanos Plastras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8268-3786","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8268-3786"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98805295","display_name":"University of the Aegean","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsp3p94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefanos Plastras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8268-3786","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005848885","display_name":"Dimitrios N. Skoutas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7953-7964","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7953-7964"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98805295","display_name":"University of the Aegean","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsp3p94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios N. Skoutas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7953-7964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065598123","display_name":"Georgios Kormentzas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-9525","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-9525"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98805295","display_name":"University of the Aegean","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsp3p94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Kormentzas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-9525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110370951","display_name":"Charalabos A. Skianis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9178-4418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9178-4418"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98805295","display_name":"University of the Aegean","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsp3p94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charalabos Skianis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9178-4418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085438438"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2224},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2224},"fwci":19.2436,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":137,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99820081,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"12","first_page":"2651","last_page":"2651"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13918","display_name":"Advanced Data and IoT Technologies","score":0.010200000368058681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12662","display_name":"Digitalization and Economic Development in Agriculture","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture-5-0","display_name":"Agriculture 5.0","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-agriculture","display_name":"smart agriculture","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5g","display_name":"5G","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-automation","display_name":"agricultural automation","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-robotics","display_name":"agricultural robotics","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-agriculture","display_name":"artificial intelligence in agriculture","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-sensing","display_name":"quantum sensing","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-data-collection","display_name":"agricultural data collection","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-history","display_name":"agricultural history","score":0.5210000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.697809636592865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.553671658039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5097934603691101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4932968020439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.4735221862792969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3049600422382355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24504709243774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12399175763130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.09265851974487305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08455988764762878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics12122651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122651","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/12/2651/pdf?version=1686647084","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics12122651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122651","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/12/2651/pdf?version=1686647084","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8409000039100647}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380484237.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380484237.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":118,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2129513103","https://openalex.org/W2273675851","https://openalex.org/W2472944192","https://openalex.org/W2479268453","https://openalex.org/W2558551879","https://openalex.org/W2588973867","https://openalex.org/W2589128374","https://openalex.org/W2756350815","https://openalex.org/W2771058985","https://openalex.org/W2773000467","https://openalex.org/W2774371872","https://openalex.org/W2779233313","https://openalex.org/W2784079836","https://openalex.org/W2885121946","https://openalex.org/W2886313871","https://openalex.org/W2909214268","https://openalex.org/W2922399917","https://openalex.org/W2922708270","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W2974084046","https://openalex.org/W2990747576","https://openalex.org/W2993508366","https://openalex.org/W2999128553","https://openalex.org/W3001373910","https://openalex.org/W3004337988","https://openalex.org/W3004921674","https://openalex.org/W3007237729","https://openalex.org/W3010044360","https://openalex.org/W3013888436","https://openalex.org/W3016265744","https://openalex.org/W3018064457","https://openalex.org/W3018474795","https://openalex.org/W3022813153","https://openalex.org/W3023678943","https://openalex.org/W3035088654","https://openalex.org/W3096052452","https://openalex.org/W3112498453","https://openalex.org/W3116373906","https://openalex.org/W3119925017","https://openalex.org/W3130253709","https://openalex.org/W3131790995","https://openalex.org/W3133651327","https://openalex.org/W3135725526","https://openalex.org/W3138605352","https://openalex.org/W3144404977","https://openalex.org/W3154337879","https://openalex.org/W3166317439","https://openalex.org/W3172890724","https://openalex.org/W3173421977","https://openalex.org/W3179283102","https://openalex.org/W3180467685","https://openalex.org/W3180641418","https://openalex.org/W3188554269","https://openalex.org/W3193872239","https://openalex.org/W3204830335","https://openalex.org/W3206701721","https://openalex.org/W3211721489","https://openalex.org/W3212485441","https://openalex.org/W3212563926","https://openalex.org/W3212941463","https://openalex.org/W3213413164","https://openalex.org/W3213881811","https://openalex.org/W3214604511","https://openalex.org/W3215302686","https://openalex.org/W3215554746","https://openalex.org/W3215817894","https://openalex.org/W3216774350","https://openalex.org/W3216937489","https://openalex.org/W4200261781","https://openalex.org/W4200622565","https://openalex.org/W4205305895","https://openalex.org/W4206135895","https://openalex.org/W4206536359","https://openalex.org/W4206598149","https://openalex.org/W4206633012","https://openalex.org/W4213119020","https://openalex.org/W4213430843","https://openalex.org/W4220735059","https://openalex.org/W4220938570","https://openalex.org/W4220966162","https://openalex.org/W4221062553","https://openalex.org/W4223573927","https://openalex.org/W4224313986","https://openalex.org/W4243530765","https://openalex.org/W4250399327","https://openalex.org/W4281690062","https://openalex.org/W4283789976","https://openalex.org/W4285254756","https://openalex.org/W4288785604","https://openalex.org/W4289656315","https://openalex.org/W4290999919","https://openalex.org/W4292066939","https://openalex.org/W4292264872","https://openalex.org/W4293190829","https://openalex.org/W4294647429","https://openalex.org/W4295094512","https://openalex.org/W4297239469","https://openalex.org/W4306671651","https://openalex.org/W4307486628","https://openalex.org/W4308557731","https://openalex.org/W4308602249","https://openalex.org/W4310104965","https://openalex.org/W4310253605","https://openalex.org/W4310444672","https://openalex.org/W4312097974","https://openalex.org/W4312357424","https://openalex.org/W4313472449","https://openalex.org/W4313503864","https://openalex.org/W4313641686","https://openalex.org/W4316663526","https://openalex.org/W4317435526","https://openalex.org/W4319742878","https://openalex.org/W4321618026","https://openalex.org/W4323980169","https://openalex.org/W4362633067","https://openalex.org/W4366290219","https://openalex.org/W6767854169","https://openalex.org/W6800464292"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318830796","https://openalex.org/W4377293052","https://openalex.org/W7221754864","https://openalex.org/W4387677224","https://openalex.org/W4312613355","https://openalex.org/W4292681726","https://openalex.org/W4403823199","https://openalex.org/W7134980274","https://openalex.org/W3161987923","https://openalex.org/W7155202392"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Throughout":[0],"human":[1],"history,":[2],"agriculture":[3,254],"has":[4],"undergone":[5],"a":[6,81,152,174,258],"series":[7],"of":[8,91,115,117,125,135,155,194,216,244,252,260],"progressive":[9],"transformations":[10],"based":[11,87],"on":[12,37,88],"ever-evolving":[13],"technologies":[14,141,226,247],"in":[15,231,248],"an":[16],"effort":[17],"to":[18,40,52,64,84,104,183],"increase":[19,72],"productivity":[20,66,74],"and":[21,46,50,58,62,71,79,108,127,129,133,149,206,225,242,255,263],"profitability.":[22],"Over":[23],"the":[24,89,92,113,122,130,168,185,191,202,214,222,232,240,249],"years,":[25],"farming":[26,48],"methods":[27],"have":[28],"evolved":[29],"significantly,":[30],"progressing":[31],"from":[32,201],"Agriculture":[33,41,53,164,195,217],"1.0,":[34],"which":[35,43,55],"relied":[36],"primitive":[38],"tools,":[39],"2.0,":[42],"incorporated":[44],"machinery":[45,61],"advanced":[47],"practices,":[49],"subsequently":[51],"3.0,":[54],"emphasized":[56],"mechanization":[57],"employed":[59],"intelligent":[60],"technology":[63],"enhance":[65],"levels.":[67],"To":[68],"further":[69,250],"automate":[70],"agricultural":[73,77,85],"while":[75],"minimizing":[76],"inputs":[78],"pollutants,":[80],"new":[82,153],"approach":[83,101],"management":[86],"concepts":[90],"fourth":[93],"industrial":[94],"revolution":[95],"is":[96,102,109,161],"being":[97],"embraced":[98],"gradually.":[99],"This":[100],"referred":[103],"as":[105,143,173,197,219,221],"\u201cAgriculture":[106,159],"4.0\u201d":[107],"mainly":[110],"implemented":[111],"through":[112],"use":[114],"Internet":[116],"Things":[118],"(IoT)":[119],"technologies,":[120],"enabling":[121],"remote":[123],"control":[124],"sensors":[126],"actuators":[128],"efficient":[131],"collection":[132],"transfer":[134],"data.":[136],"In":[137,208],"addition,":[138],"fueled":[139],"by":[140],"such":[142],"robotics,":[144],"artificial":[145],"intelligence,":[146],"quantum":[147],"sensing,":[148],"four-dimensional":[150],"communication,":[151],"form":[154],"smart":[156,253],"agriculture,":[157],"called":[158],"5.0,\u201d":[160],"now":[162],"emerging.":[163],"5.0":[165,218],"can":[166,198],"exploit":[167],"growing":[169],"5G":[170],"network":[171],"infrastructure":[172],"basis.":[175],"However,":[176],"only":[177],"6G-IoT":[178,234],"networks":[179],"will":[180,189,228],"be":[181,199,229],"able":[182],"offer":[184],"technological":[186],"advances":[187],"that":[188,227],"allow":[190],"full":[192],"expansion":[193],"5.0,":[196],"inferred":[200],"relevant":[203],"scientific":[204],"literature":[205],"research.":[207],"this":[209],"article,":[210],"we":[211],"first":[212],"introduce":[213],"scope":[215],"well":[220],"key":[223],"features":[224],"leveraged":[230],"much-anticipated":[233],"communication":[235],"systems.":[236],"We":[237],"then":[238],"highlight":[239],"importance":[241],"influence":[243],"these":[245],"developing":[246],"advancement":[251],"conclude":[256],"with":[257],"discussion":[259],"future":[261],"challenges":[262],"opportunities.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-06-14T00:00:00"}