{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380078860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1211797","title":"Ultra-processed food consumption and increased risk of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","display_name":"Ultra-processed food consumption and increased risk of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380078860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1211797","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37360294","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10288143"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1211797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1211797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1211797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596909297","display_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","issn_l":"2296-861X","issn":["2296-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1211797","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027847977","display_name":"Long Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-9808","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-9808"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119853","display_name":"Zhejiang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzr5g33","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100352069","display_name":"Xiaoyan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3193-1401","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3193-1401"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119853","display_name":"Zhejiang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzr5g33","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101768338","display_name":"Jianying Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7903-6895","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7903-6895"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119853","display_name":"Zhejiang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzr5g33","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianying Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digestion, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digestion, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101086942","display_name":"Qin Zhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119853","display_name":"Zhejiang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzr5g33","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digestion, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digestion, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119853"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090566987","display_name":"Caijuan Si","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3289-8807","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3289-8807"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119853","display_name":"Zhejiang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzr5g33","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Caijuan Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119853"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090566987"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119853"],"apc_list":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"apc_paid":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"fwci":1.7318,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85338403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"1211797","last_page":"1211797"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12057","display_name":"Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12057","display_name":"Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12964","display_name":"Diet, Metabolism, and Disease","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-processed-foods","display_name":"ultra-processed foods","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-syndrome","display_name":"metabolic syndrome","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nova-classification","display_name":"NOVA classification","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-consumption","display_name":"dietary intake","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk","display_name":"cardiovascular risk","score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/study-quality","display_name":"study quality","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgroup-analysis","display_name":"subgroup analysis","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-size","display_name":"sample size","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/publication-bias","display_name":"publication bias","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneity","display_name":"heterogeneity","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-risk-factors","display_name":"dietary risk factors","score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-factors","display_name":"cardiovascular risk factors","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-risk-factors","display_name":"diabetes risk factors","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors-for-obesity","display_name":"obesity risk factors","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors-for-hypertension","display_name":"hypertension risk factors","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyslipidemia-risk-factors","display_name":"dyslipidemia risk factors","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammatory-markers","display_name":"inflammatory markers","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.3709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.7677921056747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7083250880241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82605166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967190","display_name":"Funnel plot","level":4,"score":0.7021232843399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780439572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919364","display_name":"Publication bias","level":3,"score":0.6913115382194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.6716493368148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.6455446481704712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.5922818183898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187960798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631152","display_name":"Subgroup analysis","level":3,"score":0.5353816747665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.4837394058704376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4677790403366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.40078577399253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.39952540397644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.33006495237350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.14357319474220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1211797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1211797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1211797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596909297","display_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","issn_l":"2296-861X","issn":["2296-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10288143","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10288143","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10288143/pdf/fnut-10-1211797.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Nutr","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37360294","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37360294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in nutrition","raw_type":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:63b2a5f771e344549a2aba5147047dd1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/63b2a5f771e344549a2aba5147047dd1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition, Vol 10 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1211797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1211797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1211797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596909297","display_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","issn_l":"2296-861X","issn":["2296-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8427297872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82004040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380078860.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380078860.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502898407","https://openalex.org/W1534279926","https://openalex.org/W1579491283","https://openalex.org/W1964435302","https://openalex.org/W1989947363","https://openalex.org/W1990832225","https://openalex.org/W2033585778","https://openalex.org/W2035685956","https://openalex.org/W2116475791","https://openalex.org/W2125435699","https://openalex.org/W2134657806","https://openalex.org/W2143104968","https://openalex.org/W2152815564","https://openalex.org/W2547944016","https://openalex.org/W2549025965","https://openalex.org/W2556860644","https://openalex.org/W2558986887","https://openalex.org/W2569005308","https://openalex.org/W2593054240","https://openalex.org/W2725612285","https://openalex.org/W2761351788","https://openalex.org/W2770958054","https://openalex.org/W2789692613","https://openalex.org/W2791457103","https://openalex.org/W2792720753","https://openalex.org/W2793435470","https://openalex.org/W2909107979","https://openalex.org/W2911640446","https://openalex.org/W2930666430","https://openalex.org/W2944572522","https://openalex.org/W2946931470","https://openalex.org/W2972366536","https://openalex.org/W2978191106","https://openalex.org/W2996238242","https://openalex.org/W3006211856","https://openalex.org/W3093262577","https://openalex.org/W3099187574","https://openalex.org/W3118172374","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3138575867","https://openalex.org/W3173304857","https://openalex.org/W3200619739","https://openalex.org/W4200209517","https://openalex.org/W4200443048","https://openalex.org/W4200568452","https://openalex.org/W4214500934","https://openalex.org/W4221045629","https://openalex.org/W4283463913","https://openalex.org/W4289205649","https://openalex.org/W4294817519","https://openalex.org/W4304782278","https://openalex.org/W4309012979","https://openalex.org/W4311456722","https://openalex.org/W4313889626","https://openalex.org/W4316466150","https://openalex.org/W4317035469","https://openalex.org/W4319019450","https://openalex.org/W4321749497","https://openalex.org/W4323308389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391396912","https://openalex.org/W7222856224","https://openalex.org/W4390609276","https://openalex.org/W4319019450","https://openalex.org/W4391560548","https://openalex.org/W4311456722","https://openalex.org/W3112792954","https://openalex.org/W7138986321","https://openalex.org/W7221708250","https://openalex.org/W4317035469"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Although":[1],"higher":[2,13,325],"consumption":[3,40,180,204,243,292,326,349],"of":[4,15,31,48,59,135,178,188,205,247,254,327,336,347],"ultra-processed":[5],"food":[6],"(UPF)":[7],"has":[8],"been":[9],"linked":[10],"to":[11,34,71,79,100,343],"a":[12,26,182,200,237,287],"risk":[14,47,187,209,246,295,335],"metabolic":[16],"syndrome":[17],"(MetS),":[18],"the":[19,36,43,74,102,118,132,165,173,186,252,345],"results":[20],"remain":[21],"controversial.":[22],"Herein,":[23],"we":[24,278],"performed":[25,279],"systematic":[27],"review":[28],"and":[29,46,62,82,89,107,122,140,142,150,207,220,244,293,307],"meta-analysis":[30],"observational":[32],"studies":[33,147,212,226,340],"clarify":[35],"relationship":[37],"between":[38,86,203,241,290],"UPF":[39,179,206,242,291,328,348],"defined":[41],"by":[42,282],"NOVA":[44],"framework":[45],"MetS.":[49,337,351],"Methods":[50],"An":[51],"extensive":[52],"literature":[53],"search":[54,72],"on":[55,350],"PubMed,":[56],"ISI":[57],"Web":[58],"Science,":[60],"EBSCO":[61],"China":[63],"National":[64],"Knowledge":[65],"Infrastructure":[66],"(CNKI)":[67],"databases":[68],"was":[69,115,129,249,286],"conducted":[70],"for":[73,172],"relevant":[75],"articles":[76,85],"published":[77,84],"priori":[78],"January":[80,87],"2023,":[81],"newly":[83],"2023":[88,91],"March":[90],"were":[92,98,162],"re-searched.":[93],"Random-effects":[94],"or":[95],"fixed-effects":[96],"models":[97],"adopted":[99],"calculate":[101],"pooled":[103,169],"relative":[104],"risks":[105],"(RRs)":[106],"95%":[108],"confidence":[109],"intervals":[110],"(CIs).":[111],"The":[112,168],"between-study":[113],"heterogeneity":[114],"explored":[116],"using":[117,131],"Cochran's":[119],"Q":[120],"test":[121],"I-square":[123],"(I":[124],"2":[125],").":[126],"Publication":[127],"bias":[128],"investigated":[130],"visual":[133],"inspection":[134],"asymmetry":[136],"in":[137,164,210,224,251,296,308],"funnel":[138],"plots":[139],"Begg's":[141],"Egger's":[143],"tests.":[144],"Results":[145],"Nine":[146],"(six":[148],"cross-sectional":[149,211],"three":[151],"prospective":[152],"cohort":[153,225],"studies)":[154],"totaling":[155],"23,500":[156],"participants":[157],"with":[158,185,332],"6,192":[159],"MetS":[160,189,208,248,294],"cases":[161],"included":[163],"final":[166],"analysis.":[167],"effect":[170,346],"size":[171,298,310],"highest":[174],"vs.":[175],"lowest":[176],"categories":[177],"indicated":[181],"positive":[183,201],"association":[184,202,223,240,289],"(RR:":[190,213,227,258,269,300,312],"1.25,":[191],"95%CI:":[192,215,229,260,271,302,314],"1.09\u20131.42,":[193],"P":[194,217,231,262,273,304,316],"<":[195,305],"0.0001).":[196],"Subgroup":[197],"analyses":[198,280],"revealed":[199],"1.47,":[214],"1.16\u20131.87,":[216],"=":[218,232,263,274,317],"0.002),":[219],"no":[221],"significant":[222,239,288],"1.10,":[228],"0.96\u20131.27,":[230],"0.104),":[233],"respectively.":[234,319],"In":[235],"addition,":[236],"more":[238],"increased":[245,334],"found":[250],"subgroups":[253],"study":[255,266],"quality":[256,267],"<7":[257],"2.22;":[259],"1.28\u20133.84,":[261],"0.004)":[264],"than":[265],"\u22657":[268],"1.20;":[270],"1.06\u20131.36,":[272],"0.005).":[275],"Similarly,":[276],"when":[277],"separately":[281],"sample":[283,297,309],"size,":[284],"there":[285],"\u22655,000":[299],"1.19;":[301],"1.11\u20131.27,":[303],"0.0001),":[306],"<5,000":[311],"1.43;":[313],"1.08\u20131.90,":[315],"0.013),":[318],"Conclusions":[320],"Our":[321],"findings":[322],"suggest":[323],"that":[324],"is":[329],"significantly":[330],"associated":[331],"an":[333],"Further":[338],"longitudinal":[339],"are":[341],"needed":[342],"confirm":[344]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-06-10T00:00:00"}