{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379966588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.77514","title":"Native American genetic ancestry and pigmentation allele contributions to skin color in a Caribbean population","display_name":"Native American genetic ancestry and pigmentation allele contributions to skin color in a Caribbean population","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379966588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.77514","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37294081","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10371226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7554/elife.77514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.77514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.77514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1336409049","display_name":"eLife","issn_l":"2050-084X","issn":["2050-084X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311710","host_organization_name":"eLife Sciences Publications Ltd","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311710"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["eLife Sciences Publications Ltd"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"eLife","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.77514","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046345610","display_name":"Khai Chung Ang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7695-9953","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7695-9953"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khai C Ang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine","Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7695-9953","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001315042","display_name":"Victor A. Canfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4359-1790","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4359-1790"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor A Canfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine","Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088711641","display_name":"Tiffany C Foster","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiffany C Foster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine","Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080865825","display_name":"Thaddeus D Harbaugh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5473-5884","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5473-5884"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thaddeus D Harbaugh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine","Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112708804","display_name":"Kathryn A Early","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathryn A Early","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine","Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110819268","display_name":"Rachel L Harter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel L Harter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075485305","display_name":"Katherine P. Reid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine P Reid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine","Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006982945","display_name":"Shou Ling Leong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2954-5381","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2954-5381"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shou Ling Leong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family & Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Department of Family and Community Medicine, Pennsylvania State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family & Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012097110","display_name":"Yuka Imamura Kawasawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6738","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6738"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuka I Kawasawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine","Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine","Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044571272","display_name":"Dajiang J. Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6553-858X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6553-858X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dajiang J Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine","Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"John W Hawley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John W Hawley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Salybia Mission Project, Dominica","Salybia Mission Project"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Salybia Mission Project, Dominica","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Salybia Mission Project","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079679570","display_name":"Keith C. Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-5825","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-5825"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keith C Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine","Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine","Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine","Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-5825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046345610","https://openalex.org/A5079679570"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"fwci":1.0091,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69582003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":0.7020999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":0.7020999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.22619999945163727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":0.04360000044107437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-pigmentation","display_name":"skin pigmentation","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalinago","display_name":"Kalinago","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caribbean-population","display_name":"Caribbean population","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-admixture","display_name":"African admixture","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oca2","display_name":"OCA2","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slc24a5","display_name":"SLC24A5","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slc45a2","display_name":"SLC45A2","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypopigmentation","display_name":"hypopigmentation","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albino","display_name":"albino","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-ancestry","display_name":"genetic ancestry","score":0.5199999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.716274619102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.6916558146476746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.6779333353042603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75069973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913584","display_name":"Genetic genealogy","level":3,"score":0.594453752040863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197754878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80711","display_name":"Haplotype","level":4,"score":0.5867272615432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193262319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532875","display_name":"Genetic admixture","level":3,"score":0.5813195705413818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5235071778297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776458010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23786","display_name":"Eye color","level":3,"score":0.5217053294181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107538193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187526","display_name":"Melanin","level":2,"score":0.5188347101211548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018637512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853516","display_name":"Skin colour","level":2,"score":0.5021517276763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37463918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387981","display_name":"Allele frequency","level":4,"score":0.4866209924221039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.4698927402496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195054827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504568","display_name":"Founder effect","level":5,"score":0.45992785692214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019497199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853516","display_name":"Skin color","level":2,"score":0.4518938362598419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.3368071913719177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.1220841109752655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.10033753514289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000094859","descriptor_name":"Caribbean People","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000483","descriptor_name":"Alleles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000951","descriptor_name":"Antigens, Neoplasm","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008543","descriptor_name":"Melanins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012880","descriptor_name":"Skin Pigmentation","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017920","descriptor_name":"Antiporters","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D026901","descriptor_name":"Membrane Transport Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044467","descriptor_name":"American Indian or Alaska Native","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7554/elife.77514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.77514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.77514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1336409049","display_name":"eLife","issn_l":"2050-084X","issn":["2050-084X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311710","host_organization_name":"eLife Sciences Publications Ltd","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311710"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["eLife Sciences Publications Ltd"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"eLife","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1101/2021.11.24.469305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.24.469305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.24.469305","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2022/02/02/2021.11.24.469305.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10371226","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10371226","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10371226/pdf/elife-77514.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"eLife","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37294081","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37294081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"eLife","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a7a57cf3af0744a899d78c2aa70312ca","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a7a57cf3af0744a899d78c2aa70312ca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eLife, Vol 12 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7554/elife.77514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.77514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.77514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1336409049","display_name":"eLife","issn_l":"2050-084X","issn":["2050-084X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311710","host_organization_name":"eLife Sciences Publications Ltd","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311710"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["eLife Sciences Publications Ltd"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"eLife","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1288465362","display_name":"Function of calcium exchangers in vetebrate pigmentation","funder_award_id":"R01AR052535","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/006zn3t30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14083555","https://openalex.org/W37289312","https://openalex.org/W574638686","https://openalex.org/W1480933312","https://openalex.org/W1544674018","https://openalex.org/W1589060285","https://openalex.org/W1750145230","https://openalex.org/W1901202088","https://openalex.org/W1906187384","https://openalex.org/W1962874955","https://openalex.org/W1966220941","https://openalex.org/W1969631786","https://openalex.org/W1974268067","https://openalex.org/W1975275262","https://openalex.org/W1980091188","https://openalex.org/W1980379287","https://openalex.org/W1982516085","https://openalex.org/W1985959758","https://openalex.org/W1990829771","https://openalex.org/W1993315658","https://openalex.org/W1994744877","https://openalex.org/W1996363602","https://openalex.org/W1998325167","https://openalex.org/W1999172874","https://openalex.org/W2002831105","https://openalex.org/W2005014380","https://openalex.org/W2007072747","https://openalex.org/W2008900911","https://openalex.org/W2014464427","https://openalex.org/W2017136882","https://openalex.org/W2033151532","https://openalex.org/W2033516350","https://openalex.org/W2033727288","https://openalex.org/W2036873130","https://openalex.org/W2047984819","https://openalex.org/W2051648246","https://openalex.org/W2058129377","https://openalex.org/W2065243562","https://openalex.org/W2067783184","https://openalex.org/W2076007362","https://openalex.org/W2077747964","https://openalex.org/W2095970568","https://openalex.org/W2096247023","https://openalex.org/W2098066250","https://openalex.org/W2099085143","https://openalex.org/W2099305458","https://openalex.org/W2100561376","https://openalex.org/W2100751001","https://openalex.org/W2102714321","https://openalex.org/W2103441770","https://openalex.org/W2103693988","https://openalex.org/W2104549677","https://openalex.org/W2104797721","https://openalex.org/W2109506986","https://openalex.org/W2109701276","https://openalex.org/W2117131162","https://openalex.org/W2119180969","https://openalex.org/W2119444539","https://openalex.org/W2123230121","https://openalex.org/W2124240395","https://openalex.org/W2124985265","https://openalex.org/W2128371599","https://openalex.org/W2131681870","https://openalex.org/W2131730424","https://openalex.org/W2136344906","https://openalex.org/W2137233414","https://openalex.org/W2138030838","https://openalex.org/W2138345444","https://openalex.org/W2146760247","https://openalex.org/W2153889938","https://openalex.org/W2155069978","https://openalex.org/W2157752701","https://openalex.org/W2161633633","https://openalex.org/W2162372514","https://openalex.org/W2163265624","https://openalex.org/W2171777347","https://openalex.org/W2326319826","https://openalex.org/W2436240827","https://openalex.org/W2580404806","https://openalex.org/W2598022332","https://openalex.org/W2608108065","https://openalex.org/W2761160825","https://openalex.org/W2764167548","https://openalex.org/W2782439335","https://openalex.org/W2788231402","https://openalex.org/W2900088434","https://openalex.org/W2910993873","https://openalex.org/W3012781384","https://openalex.org/W3040025882","https://openalex.org/W3043910404","https://openalex.org/W3116325846","https://openalex.org/W3192983025","https://openalex.org/W3205207243","https://openalex.org/W3208443298","https://openalex.org/W4235023933","https://openalex.org/W4379966588","https://openalex.org/W6641183798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2596136711","https://openalex.org/W7097009049","https://openalex.org/W2911397760","https://openalex.org/W7097591519","https://openalex.org/W2129233990","https://openalex.org/W2146760247","https://openalex.org/W7028447103","https://openalex.org/W2005458699","https://openalex.org/W2785774624","https://openalex.org/W1975275262"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Our":[1],"interest":[2],"in":[3,39,172,179,185],"the":[4,40,44,59,168,186],"genetic":[5,159],"basis":[6],"of":[7,27,33,43,46,99,119,134,167],"skin":[8,30,177],"color":[9,178],"variation":[10],"between":[11],"populations":[12,66],"led":[13],"us":[14],"to":[15,67,74,85,162,175],"seek":[16],"a":[17,89,97],"Native":[18,51,61,139,180],"American":[19,62,140],"population":[20],"with":[21,129],"African":[22,100],"admixture":[23],"but":[24],"low":[25],"frequency":[26,104],"European":[28,57],"light":[29],"alleles.":[31],"Analysis":[32],"458":[34],"genomes":[35],"from":[36,72],"individuals":[37,82],"residing":[38],"Kalinago":[41],"territory":[42],"Commonwealth":[45],"Dominica":[47],"showed":[48],"approximately":[49],"55%":[50],"American,":[52],"32%":[53],"African,":[54],"and":[55,107,122,127,136],"12%":[56],"ancestry,":[58],"highest":[60],"ancestry":[63,141],"among":[64],"Caribbean":[65],"date.":[68],"Skin":[69],"pigmentation":[70,145],"ranged":[71],"20":[73,149],"80":[75],"melanin":[76,114,150],"units,":[77],"averaging":[78],"46.":[79],"Three":[80],"albino":[81],"were":[83,125],"determined":[84],"be":[86,163],"homozygous":[87],"for":[88],"causative":[90],"multi-nucleotide":[91],"polymorphism":[92],"OCA2":[93],"NW273KV":[94],"contained":[95],"within":[96],"haplotype":[98],"origin;":[101],"its":[102],"allele":[103,109,117,131],"was":[105,112],"0.03":[106],"single":[108,130],"effect":[110,132],"size":[111],"-8":[113],"units.":[115],"Derived":[116],"frequencies":[118],"SLC24A5":[120],"A111T":[121],"SLC45A2":[123],"L374F":[124],"0.14":[126],"0.06,":[128],"sizes":[133],"-6":[135],"-4,":[137],"respectively.":[138],"by":[142,146],"itself":[143],"reduced":[144],"more":[147],"than":[148],"units":[151],"(range":[152],"24":[153],"-":[154],"29).":[155],"The":[156],"responsible":[157],"hypopigmenting":[158],"variants":[160],"remain":[161],"identified,":[164],"since":[165],"none":[166],"published":[169],"polymorphisms":[170],"predicted":[171],"prior":[173],"literature":[174],"affect":[176],"Americans":[181],"caused":[182],"detectable":[183],"hypopigmentation":[184],"Kalinago.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-06-10T00:00:00"}
