{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379540175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2306.02907","title":"SelfEvolve: A Code Evolution Framework via Large Language Models","display_name":"SelfEvolve: A Code Evolution Framework via Large Language Models","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379540175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2306.02907"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2306.02907","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.02907","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.02907","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.02907","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110987025","display_name":"Shuyang Jiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang, Shuyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370104","display_name":"Yuhao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6051-8659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6051-8659","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1632-552X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9272-2443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Yuhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai AI Laboratory","Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071054399","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1606-6795","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1606-6795"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai AI Laboratory","Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":125,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-evolution","display_name":"code evolution","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"code generation","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"debugging","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humaneval","display_name":"HumanEval","score":0.6169999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8369494080543518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.5971885919570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.5500357747077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.48621121048927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.4822545647621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4781832993030548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.47630274295806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4691081643104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4610553979873657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33037203550338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.11870256066322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10422426462173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2306.02907","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.02907","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.02907","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2306.02907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2306.02907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2306.02907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2306.02907","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.02907","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.02907","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379540175.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379540175.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888925928","https://openalex.org/W2890431379","https://openalex.org/W2964315653","https://openalex.org/W2970476646","https://openalex.org/W3017094847","https://openalex.org/W3117576675","https://openalex.org/W3156636935","https://openalex.org/W3177813494","https://openalex.org/W3194195934","https://openalex.org/W3195140297","https://openalex.org/W3198685994","https://openalex.org/W3206547074","https://openalex.org/W3213368902","https://openalex.org/W4221161695","https://openalex.org/W4221166113","https://openalex.org/W4223974161","https://openalex.org/W4224060952","https://openalex.org/W4224308101","https://openalex.org/W4286750487","https://openalex.org/W4289445724","https://openalex.org/W4301243929","https://openalex.org/W4304194220","https://openalex.org/W4309395035","https://openalex.org/W4309804142","https://openalex.org/W4320558759","https://openalex.org/W4321177655","https://openalex.org/W4322718421","https://openalex.org/W4365205411","https://openalex.org/W4389158474","https://openalex.org/W4392637287","https://openalex.org/W7133224126","https://openalex.org/W7133236450"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401879194","https://openalex.org/W4412639023","https://openalex.org/W4402705941","https://openalex.org/W4407571908","https://openalex.org/W4415797990","https://openalex.org/W7102418200","https://openalex.org/W4399601909","https://openalex.org/W4365205411","https://openalex.org/W4405755619","https://openalex.org/W7138857416"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"have":[4,21],"already":[5],"revolutionized":[6],"code":[7,15,35,67,105,151],"generation,":[8,36],"after":[9],"being":[10],"pretrained":[11],"on":[12,107,182],"publicly":[13],"available":[14],"data.":[16],"However,":[17],"while":[18,54],"various":[19],"methods":[20,42],"been":[22],"proposed":[23],"to":[24,63,115,121,191,207,219],"augment":[25],"LLMs":[26,55,85],"with":[27],"retrieved":[28],"knowledge":[29,88,98],"and":[30,90,102,165,201,227],"enhance":[31],"the":[32,37,46,49,65,97,108,125,133,137,193,196],"quality":[33],"of":[34,39,48,195,199],"performance":[38],"these":[40,73],"retrieval-based":[41,94],"is":[43,129],"limited":[44],"by":[45,131,178],"strength":[47],"retrievers":[50],"used.":[51],"In":[52],"addition,":[53],"show":[56,173],"great":[57],"emergent":[58],"ability,":[59],"they":[60],"still":[61],"struggle":[62],"produce":[64],"correct":[66],"in":[68],"one":[69],"turn.":[70],"To":[71],"address":[72],"challenges,":[74],"we":[75],"propose":[76],"a":[77,179],"novel":[78],"two-step":[79],"pipeline,":[80],"called":[81],"\\autoknow,":[82,200],"that":[83,174,203,215],"leverages":[84],"as":[86,117,225],"both":[87,204],"providers":[89],"self-reflective":[91],"programmers.":[92],"Unlike":[93],"methods,":[95],"\\autoknow~obtains":[96],"from":[99,136],"input":[100],"prompts":[101],"generates":[103],"intermediate":[104],"based":[106],"generated":[109,126],"knowledge.":[110],"After":[111],"that,":[112],"\\autoknow~asks":[113],"LLM":[114],"act":[116],"an":[118],"expert":[119],"programmer":[120],"perform":[122],"debugging":[123],"for":[124,144,156,161,167],"code.":[127],"This":[128],"achieved":[130],"receiving":[132],"error":[134],"message":[135],"interpreter,":[138],"without":[139],"requiring":[140],"special":[141],"test":[142],"cases":[143],"correctness":[145],"verification.":[146],"We":[147,185],"evaluate":[148],"\\autoknow~on":[149],"three":[150],"generation":[152],"datasets,":[153],"including":[154],"DS-1000":[155],"data":[157],"science":[158],"code,":[159,164],"HumanEval":[160],"software":[162],"engineering":[163],"TransCoder":[166],"C++-to-Python":[168],"translation.":[169],"Our":[170],"empirical":[171],"experiments":[172,190],"\\autoknow~outperforms":[175],"strong":[176],"baselines":[177],"significant":[180],"margin":[181],"all":[183],"datasets.":[184],"also":[186],"conduct":[187],"exhaustive":[188],"analytical":[189],"validate":[192],"effectiveness":[194],"two":[197],"stages":[198],"find":[202],"are":[205],"superior":[206],"other":[208,220],"prompting-based":[209],"methods.":[210],"Further":[211],"scalability":[212],"analysis":[213],"demonstrates":[214],"\\autoknow~can":[216],"be":[217],"adapted":[218],"more":[221],"advanced":[222],"models,":[223],"such":[224],"GPT-4,":[226],"bring":[228],"consistent":[229],"efficacy":[230],"improvement.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-06-07T00:00:00"}
