{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379537096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1189668","title":"A focus group study exploring dairy farmers\u2019 perspectives of cull cow management in Ontario, Canada","display_name":"A focus group study exploring dairy farmers\u2019 perspectives of cull cow management in Ontario, Canada","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379537096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1189668","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37346277","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10279770"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1189668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1189668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1189668","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1189668/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2594976040","display_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","issn_l":"2297-1769","issn":["2297-1769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1189668/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056636198","display_name":"J. A. Marshall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0235-2224","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0235-2224"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joanne Marshall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037646295","display_name":"Derek B. Haley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3502-120X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3502-120X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek B. Haley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada","Dairy at Guelph, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada","Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dairy at Guelph, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043980773","display_name":"D.F. Kelton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9606-7602","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9606-7602"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283990227","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/033w59g46","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283990227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Kelton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dairy at Guelph, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada","Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada","Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dairy at Guelph, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283990227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086688411","display_name":"Cynthia L. Miltenburg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8945-6538","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8945-6538"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283990227","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/033w59g46","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283990227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia Miltenburg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada","Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283990227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025539799","display_name":"Steven M. Roche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6934-6497","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6934-6497"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Roche","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACER Consulting Limited, Guelph, ON, Canada","Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACER Consulting Limited, Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029306506","display_name":"T.F. Duffield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6035-4669","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6035-4669"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd Duffield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dairy at Guelph, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada","Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dairy at Guelph, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056636198"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"],"apc_list":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"apc_paid":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"fwci":1.4904,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77526513,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"1189668","last_page":"1189668"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.9458000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.9458000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14499","display_name":"Livestock Farming and Management","score":0.03620000183582306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13358","display_name":"Livestock Management and Performance Improvement","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/culling-decisions","display_name":"culling decisions","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-welfare","display_name":"animal welfare","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-productivity","display_name":"animal productivity","score":0.5360000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52991690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740042","display_name":"Culling","level":3,"score":0.8957346677780151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.6977285742759705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6270145177841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.6043432950973511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776977481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915","display_name":"Dairy cattle","level":2,"score":0.6039489507675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983492250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637776","display_name":"Dairy industry","level":2,"score":0.5992233753204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.5973482131958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.5144562721252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523966790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459426","display_name":"Animal welfare","level":2,"score":0.4769774377346039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.47498148679733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.2942027151584625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.17686191201210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.16502895951271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.1596907079219818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15847846865653992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10111993551254272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.09560227394104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194775826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209542","display_name":"Herd","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1189668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1189668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1189668","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1189668/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2594976040","display_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","issn_l":"2297-1769","issn":["2297-1769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10279770","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10279770","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10279770/pdf/fvets-10-1189668.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Vet Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37346277","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37346277","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in veterinary science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca:10214/30084","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10214/30084","pdf_url":"https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/bitstreams/3b3b5cc8-00ff-474a-8528-50955cb581a9/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401043","display_name":"The Atrium (University of Guelph)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","host_organization_name":"University of Guelph","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d6efd0e9852c40f1b1821474a6881092","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d6efd0e9852c40f1b1821474a6881092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 10 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1189668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1189668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1189668","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1189668/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2594976040","display_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","issn_l":"2297-1769","issn":["2297-1769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6875,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379537096.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379537096.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1750936040","https://openalex.org/W1818536883","https://openalex.org/W1975339188","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1993533040","https://openalex.org/W2017024907","https://openalex.org/W2025610844","https://openalex.org/W2100797090","https://openalex.org/W2127561630","https://openalex.org/W2133674686","https://openalex.org/W2135245367","https://openalex.org/W2142350613","https://openalex.org/W2149695772","https://openalex.org/W2157091596","https://openalex.org/W2312619897","https://openalex.org/W2320006396","https://openalex.org/W2344333698","https://openalex.org/W2540422813","https://openalex.org/W2587429528","https://openalex.org/W2786458255","https://openalex.org/W2890163949","https://openalex.org/W2891652289","https://openalex.org/W2899951016","https://openalex.org/W2901797018","https://openalex.org/W2908594383","https://openalex.org/W2910375221","https://openalex.org/W2921267393","https://openalex.org/W2940419730","https://openalex.org/W2951455971","https://openalex.org/W2971721567","https://openalex.org/W2997119027","https://openalex.org/W2999014823","https://openalex.org/W3004797226","https://openalex.org/W3007764453","https://openalex.org/W3024877657","https://openalex.org/W3040575936","https://openalex.org/W3091118757","https://openalex.org/W3156899466","https://openalex.org/W3166790963","https://openalex.org/W3170864408","https://openalex.org/W4293661180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408460133","https://openalex.org/W4293661180","https://openalex.org/W7038369094","https://openalex.org/W3007764453","https://openalex.org/W4308006359","https://openalex.org/W2762672420","https://openalex.org/W4410989888","https://openalex.org/W7162359549","https://openalex.org/W3164652839","https://openalex.org/W3165305595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Maintaining":[1],"the":[2,9,18,30,56,64,91,225,239,256,262,272,293,304],"welfare":[3,120,210],"of":[4,66,96,115,129,150,172,180,192,211,228,241,247,264,275,286,288,295,306],"cull":[5,26,81,107,168,181,296],"dairy":[6,19,27,61,72,102,108,142],"cows":[7,28,52,82,173,213,242,312],"from":[8,89,144,258],"farm":[10],"to":[11,47,58,79,100,167,245],"slaughter":[12],"is":[13,45,300],"an":[14],"ongoing":[15],"challenge":[16],"for":[17,87,238,292,302,309,314],"industry.":[20],"Recent":[21],"research":[22,44],"suggests":[23],"that":[24,37,83,220],"some":[25],"within":[29],"marketing":[31,92],"system":[32],"are":[33,38,53,63,84],"in":[34,268],"physical":[35],"states":[36],"below":[39],"regulatory":[40,236,290],"standards,":[41],"and":[42,113,119,138,176,178,197,199,206,271,278,298],"further":[43],"required":[46],"determine":[48],"why":[49],"these":[50,67],"unfit":[51,86],"found":[54],"throughout":[55],"journey":[57],"abattoirs.":[59],"Since":[60],"farms":[62],"origin":[65],"cows,":[68,297],"decision":[69],"making":[70,185],"by":[71],"farmers":[73,143,188,257],"has":[74],"been":[75],"identified":[76,164],"as":[77],"key":[78],"preventing":[80],"considered":[85,234],"transport":[88],"entering":[90],"system.":[93],"The":[94,209],"objectives":[95],"this":[97,259],"study":[98,260],"were":[99,132,161],"understand":[101],"farmers'":[103],"perspectives":[104],"on":[105,250],"their":[106,212,251],"cow":[109,182],"management":[110,117,171,240],"practices,":[111],"recommendations":[112,308],"requirements":[114],"regulations,":[116],"tools,":[118],"issues.":[121],"Methods:":[122],"Four":[123],"focus":[124,151],"groups":[125],"with":[126,141],"a":[127,215,283],"total":[128],"21":[130],"participants":[131,233],"each":[133],"conducted":[134,155],"virtually,":[135],"video":[136],"recorded,":[137],"transcribed":[139],"verbatim,":[140],"Ontario,":[145],"Canada.":[146],"A":[147],"thematic":[148],"analysis":[149],"group":[152],"discussions":[153],"was":[154,214,221,282],"utilizing":[156],"deductive":[157],"reasoning.":[158],"Results:":[159],"There":[160,281],"three":[162],"themes":[163],"including":[165,194],"deciding":[166],"or":[169],"not,":[170],"being":[174],"culled,":[175],"knowledge":[177,287],"perceptions":[179],"regulations.":[183],"When":[184],"culling":[186,229,269,310],"decisions,":[187],"utilize":[189],"multiple":[190],"sources":[191],"information":[193],"personal":[195],"experiences":[196],"values":[198],"external":[200],"referents":[201],"like":[202],"veterinarians,":[203],"family":[204],"members":[205],"other":[207],"farmers.":[208],"high":[216],"priority":[217],"but":[218],"one":[219],"often":[222],"weighed":[223],"against":[224],"financial":[226],"outcomes":[227],"decisions.":[230],"Finally,":[231],"most":[232],"recent":[235,289],"changes":[237,291],"before":[243],"shipment":[244,294],"be":[246],"little":[248],"importance":[249],"farms.":[252],"Discussion:":[253],"In":[254],"conclusion,":[255],"showed":[261],"diversity":[263],"considerations":[265],"they":[266],"make":[267],"decisions":[270],"large":[273],"contribution":[274],"animal":[276],"productivity":[277],"economic":[279],"factors.":[280],"general":[284],"lack":[285],"there":[299],"room":[301],"improving":[303],"uptake":[305],"new":[307],"only":[311],"fit":[313],"transportation.":[315]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-06-07T00:00:00"}
