{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379511202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4449770","title":"Situation and Context of Sanitation Workers in Tanzania","display_name":"Situation and Context of Sanitation Workers in Tanzania","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379511202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4449770"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4449770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4449770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4449770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4449770","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012237031","display_name":"Agnes Nzali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agnes Nzali","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Iringa","University of Iringa, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, 200, Iringa, 255, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iringa","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iringa, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, 200, Iringa, 255, Tanzania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029319548","display_name":"Frank Phillipo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frank Phillipo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Iringa","University of Iringa, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, 200, Iringa, 255, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iringa","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iringa, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, 200, Iringa, 255, Tanzania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009075884","display_name":"Given Msigwa Msomba","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Given Msomba","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Iringa","University of Iringa, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, 200, Iringa, 255, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iringa","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iringa, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, 200, Iringa, 255, Tanzania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013886332","display_name":"Sosthenes Ruheza","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sosthenes Ruheza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Development, University of Iringa","Department of Community Development, University of Iringa, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, 200, Iringa, 255, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Development, University of Iringa","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Development, University of Iringa, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, 200, Iringa, 255, Tanzania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024648258","display_name":"John Pesha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Pesha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Iringa","University of Iringa, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, 200, Iringa, 255, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iringa","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iringa, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, 200, Iringa, 255, Tanzania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034483082","display_name":"Amos Ansigary Msambila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5499-6112","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5499-6112"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amos Msambila","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Iringa","University of Iringa, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, 200, Iringa, 255, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5499-6112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iringa","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iringa, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, 200, Iringa, 255, Tanzania","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029319548"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11108","display_name":"Municipal Solid Waste Management","score":0.21570000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11108","display_name":"Municipal Solid Waste Management","score":0.21570000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13315","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces","score":0.1932000070810318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11959","display_name":"Employment and Welfare Studies","score":0.1476999968290329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sanitation-workers","display_name":"sanitation workers","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-health-and-safety","display_name":"occupational health and safety","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-protective-equipment","display_name":"personal protective equipment","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-stigma","display_name":"social stigma","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-discrimination","display_name":"employment discrimination","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-conditions","display_name":"working conditions","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-employment","display_name":"informal employment","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salary-satisfaction","display_name":"pay satisfaction","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-injuries","display_name":"occupational injuries","score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-diseases","display_name":"infectious diseases","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dar-es-salaam","display_name":"Dar es Salaam","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arusha","display_name":"Arusha","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mbeya","display_name":"Mbeya","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mwanza","display_name":"Mwanza","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dodoma","display_name":"Dodoma","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/city-council","display_name":"municipal council","score":0.4790000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.7474397420883179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.6342798471450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780151969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949149","display_name":"Sanitation","level":2,"score":0.6031224131584167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5715426206588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.49613770842552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45620250701904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3889194428920746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3811797499656677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.36238858103752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34554147720336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.32755064964294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2715074121952057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.25072890520095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.11815500259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4449770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4449770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4449770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4449770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4449770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4449770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9211000204086304,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.8560000061988831,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.5676000118255615,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.41670000553131104,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322709486","https://openalex.org/W4309586727","https://openalex.org/W7201858964","https://openalex.org/W4409144802","https://openalex.org/W4414657171","https://openalex.org/W4395006385","https://openalex.org/W2893178089","https://openalex.org/W2991412113","https://openalex.org/W7223523390","https://openalex.org/W4229366544"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-06-07T00:00:00"}
