{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378979080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14423/smj.0000000000001563","title":"Perceptions of Gender Stereotypes among Women Residents in Surgical and Nonsurgical Specialties","display_name":"Perceptions of Gender Stereotypes among Women Residents in Surgical and Nonsurgical Specialties","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378979080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14423/smj.0000000000001563","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37263613"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14423/smj.0000000000001563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14423/smj.0000000000001563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.14423/smj.0000000000001563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89143414","display_name":"Southern Medical Journal","issn_l":"0038-4348","issn":["0038-4348","1541-8243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Southern Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4378979080"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andrea Soares","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Soares","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047216168","display_name":"Angela Fink","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5217-6778","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5217-6778"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela Fink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Integrative Research on Cognition, Learning, and Education, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrative Research on Cognition, Learning, and Education, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102918732","display_name":"Arghavan Salles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1821-2285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1821-2285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arghavan Salles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101947392","display_name":"Koeun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-3641","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-3641","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4737-7775"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koeun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058620654","display_name":"Lydia Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8275-1048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8275-1048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lydia Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031052578","display_name":"Rakhee K Bhayani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-9690","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-9690"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakhee K. Bhayani","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2925,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52976675,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"116","issue":"6","first_page":"496","last_page":"501"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13252","display_name":"Sex and Gender in Healthcare","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-stereotypes","display_name":"gender stereotypes","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-physicians","display_name":"women physicians","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-residents","display_name":"medical residents","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-specialties","display_name":"surgical specialties","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postgraduate-medical-education","display_name":"graduate medical education","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-environment","display_name":"learning environment","score":0.5950000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7560184001922607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20387591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930752","display_name":"Specialty","level":2,"score":0.7229681015014648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168127410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754331","display_name":"Stereotype (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6428958773612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5870879888534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.5092869997024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.4895568788051605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992478610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4671277","display_name":"Academic institution","level":2,"score":0.4657244384288788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4295291602611542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.21806740760803223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19629603624343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004503","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical, Graduate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007396","descriptor_name":"Internship and Residency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008511","descriptor_name":"Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010822","descriptor_name":"Physicians, Women","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013043","descriptor_name":"Specialties, Surgical","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14423/smj.0000000000001563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14423/smj.0000000000001563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.14423/smj.0000000000001563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89143414","display_name":"Southern Medical Journal","issn_l":"0038-4348","issn":["0038-4348","1541-8243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Southern Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37263613","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37263613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Southern medical journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.6025999784469604,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1621915916","https://openalex.org/W1969089620","https://openalex.org/W1992247437","https://openalex.org/W2006771264","https://openalex.org/W2135175034","https://openalex.org/W2135277866","https://openalex.org/W2142442019","https://openalex.org/W2155700622","https://openalex.org/W2163500915","https://openalex.org/W2166241043","https://openalex.org/W2174567765","https://openalex.org/W2324654708","https://openalex.org/W2422046213","https://openalex.org/W2465338192","https://openalex.org/W2486437818","https://openalex.org/W2563170828","https://openalex.org/W2763073604","https://openalex.org/W2793398964","https://openalex.org/W2806943833","https://openalex.org/W2908753230","https://openalex.org/W2916490742","https://openalex.org/W2953640438","https://openalex.org/W2954323606","https://openalex.org/W2966552842","https://openalex.org/W2972870899","https://openalex.org/W2979301888","https://openalex.org/W2980935121","https://openalex.org/W3010596218","https://openalex.org/W3026432906","https://openalex.org/W3037724715","https://openalex.org/W3107739230","https://openalex.org/W3157187112","https://openalex.org/W3207279916","https://openalex.org/W4243265964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2174567765","https://openalex.org/W2799610072","https://openalex.org/W4386135012","https://openalex.org/W3212577839","https://openalex.org/W2018136912","https://openalex.org/W7220451133","https://openalex.org/W2986059951","https://openalex.org/W2064874853","https://openalex.org/W7095445145","https://openalex.org/W2969353180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1],"objective":[2],"of":[3,47,62,65,73,84,106,143],"this":[4],"study":[5,40],"was":[6],"to":[7,11,91,94,160],"determine":[8],"whether":[9],"and":[10,20,32,137],"what":[12],"degree":[13],"residents":[14,67],"experience":[15],"stereotype":[16,109,115,125,145],"perception":[17,146],"by":[18,127],"gender":[19,75,107,144],"specialty":[21,128],"type":[22],"(surgical":[23],"vs":[24],"nonsurgical).":[25],"METHODS:":[26],"test":[27],"compared":[28,147],"the":[29,161],"calculated":[30],"mean":[31],"standard":[33],"error":[34],"for":[35,80],"each":[36],"survey":[37],"item.":[38],"This":[39],"took":[41],"place":[42],"at":[43],"Washington":[44],"University":[45],"School":[46],"Medicine":[48],"in":[49,124,134],"St.":[50],"Louis,":[51],"Missouri,":[52],"a":[53,81,103],"large":[54],"academic":[55],"tertiary":[56],"care":[57],"center.":[58],"RESULTS:":[59],"A":[60],"total":[61],"411":[63],"(46%":[64],"total)":[66],"participated;":[68],"13":[69],"were":[70,120],"excluded":[71],"because":[72],"nonbinary":[74],"or":[76],"missing":[77],"demographic":[78],"information,":[79],"final":[82],"sample":[83],"398.":[85],"Participants":[86],"perceived":[87],"all":[88],"three":[89],"groups":[90],"expect":[92],"men":[93],"be":[95],"better":[96],"physicians":[97,133],"than":[98,117],"women.":[99],"Regression":[100],"analysis":[101],"showed":[102],"significant":[104,122],"effect":[105],"on":[108],"perception,":[110],"with":[111,148],"women":[112],"reporting":[113],"stronger":[114],"perceptions":[116,126],"men.":[118],"There":[119],"no":[121],"differences":[123],"type.":[129],"CONCLUSIONS:":[130],"Women":[131],"resident":[132],"both":[135],"surgical":[136],"nonsurgical":[138],"fields":[139],"reported":[140],"higher":[141],"levels":[142],"men,":[149],"making":[150],"it":[151],"imperative":[152],"that":[153],"graduate":[154],"medical":[155],"education":[156],"leadership":[157],"support":[158],"changes":[159],"current":[162],"learning":[163],"environment.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-06-02T00:00:00"}