{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377564266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.18418","title":"The determinants of longevity: The perspectives from East Asian economies","display_name":"The determinants of longevity: The perspectives from East Asian economies","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377564266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.18418","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37218341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/jgs.18418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.18418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.18418","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jgs.18418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204183829","display_name":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","issn_l":"0002-8614","issn":["0002-8614","1532-5415"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jgs.18418","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056797679","display_name":"Eric T C Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1229-9471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1229-9471"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric T. C. Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong","Institute of Health Equity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1229-9471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Equity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017553919","display_name":"Tung\u2010liang Chiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7876-3943","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7876-3943"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tung\u2010Liang Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090278780","display_name":"Chang\u2010Yup Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4389-2454","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4389-2454"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang\u2010yup Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hideki Hashimoto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideki Hashimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074409311","display_name":"Michael Gideon Marmot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2431-6419","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2431-6419"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Marmot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Health Equity, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Health Equity, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066695904","display_name":"Jean Woo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7593-3081","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7593-3081"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong","Institute of Health Equity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Equity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056797679"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"],"apc_list":{"value":4530,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4530},"apc_paid":{"value":4530,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4530},"fwci":2.5426,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89062783,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"10","first_page":"3338","last_page":"3341"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12011","display_name":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12011","display_name":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.032499998807907104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longevity","display_name":"longevity","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-expectancy","display_name":"life expectancy","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-mortality","display_name":"infant mortality","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/east-asian-model","display_name":"East Asian model","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-birth-weight","display_name":"low birth weight","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-mortality","display_name":"cardiovascular mortality","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-disease-mortality","display_name":"chronic disease mortality","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hong-kong","display_name":"Hong Kong","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japan","display_name":"Japan","score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singapore","display_name":"Singapore","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-determinants-of-health","display_name":"social determinants of health","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-infrastructure","display_name":"public health infrastructure","score":0.5619999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9146683812141418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776759703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066907","display_name":"Longevity","level":2,"score":0.889387845993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76775654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27231","display_name":"East Asia","level":3,"score":0.5998306274414062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3724392354488373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.21409261226654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000095225","descriptor_name":"East Asian People","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005202","descriptor_name":"Asia, Eastern","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008136","descriptor_name":"Longevity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/jgs.18418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.18418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.18418","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jgs.18418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204183829","display_name":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","issn_l":"0002-8614","issn":["0002-8614","1532-5415"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37218341","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37218341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10174054","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10174054/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10174054/1/The%20determinants%20of%20longevity%20%20The%20perspectives%20from%20East%20Asian%20economies.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (2023) (In press).","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:00953:0006828881","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://teikyo-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2065385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407056385","display_name":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/jgs.18418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.18418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.18418","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jgs.18418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204183829","display_name":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","issn_l":"0002-8614","issn":["0002-8614","1532-5415"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377564266.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377564266.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522459434","https://openalex.org/W2067519385","https://openalex.org/W2127689336","https://openalex.org/W2145125061","https://openalex.org/W2406455777","https://openalex.org/W2890695304","https://openalex.org/W2893499252","https://openalex.org/W2928467655","https://openalex.org/W2944124312","https://openalex.org/W2945316679","https://openalex.org/W3158183037","https://openalex.org/W3159264819","https://openalex.org/W3162770178","https://openalex.org/W3193823764","https://openalex.org/W3211968651","https://openalex.org/W4212985961","https://openalex.org/W4283756587","https://openalex.org/W4312701586"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095875821","https://openalex.org/W7096601401","https://openalex.org/W4245177745","https://openalex.org/W4318745739","https://openalex.org/W33911660","https://openalex.org/W3211968651","https://openalex.org/W7072187105","https://openalex.org/W2165201206","https://openalex.org/W3001505804","https://openalex.org/W2496150198"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Home":[0],"to":[1,16,34,63,83,103,107,295,371,393,409,427,477,483,501,578,587,649,676,681,772,815,887,890,904,940,1002,1027,1063,1067,1080,1097,1106,1109,1115,1136,1181,1185,1246,1266,1302,1325,1327,1349,1402,1419,1425,1459,1476,1482,1533,1612],"approximately":[2],"one-fifth":[3],"of":[4,44,127,144,158,162,197,230,287,298,314,348,364,457,495,506,517,542,549,568,635,645,652,661,667,708,722,801,836,893,921,929,1031,1039,1057,1094,1103,1133,1149,1164,1213,1231,1233,1252,1270,1278,1280,1289,1293,1309,1353,1374,1381,1395,1408,1414,1428,1438,1452,1465,1471,1485,1521,1536,1544,1557,1595],"the":[5,8,19,38,45,64,85,125,132,156,163,182,194,198,223,231,237,265,269,346,360,391,406,415,478,529,532,543,552,590,605,625,653,658,705,709,712,719,725,737,740,744,748,823,852,858,871,882,906,911,926,930,955,960,963,983,996,1025,1029,1046,1049,1055,1084,1101,1124,1131,1152,1155,1171,1178,1184,1186,1197,1207,1210,1226,1229,1240,1247,1268,1313,1342,1350,1363,1392,1403,1409,1412,1421,1449,1460,1466,1469,1478,1515,1522,1534,1537,1555,1565,1591,1601,1613,1617],"world's":[6,86,238,853],"population,1":[7],"East":[9,232,544,606,627,727,807,859,912,956,1241,1343,1364],"Asian":[10,183,545,628,728,749,860,913,957,1365],"region":[11,43,73,234,629,958,1345],"has":[12,47,80,119,211,438,657,672,701,809,1254,1346],"recently":[13,403,668,878],"been":[14,121,147,337,585,673,703,811,864,879,1256,1347],"brought":[15],"attention":[17],"in":[18,29,32,51,71,78,95,98,124,131,140,172,187,193,244,366,377,421,436,443,547,589,604,624,684,689,696,711,724,736,747,788,796,806,857,870,910,954,965,988,1006,1120,1138,1154,1173,1201,1236,1239,1260,1300,1330,1333,1339,1341,1359,1405,1462,1527,1554,1580],"public":[20,205,754,1020,1397,1454],"health":[21,30,206,468,510,526,533,591,918,1007,1021,1189,1238,1332,1340,1366,1398,1455],"and":[22,55,160,208,257,262,268,276,281,300,319,330,342,372,390,401,423,448,460,493,554,595,598,619,642,655,691,759,774,782,791,828,833,842,896,943,959,1048,1076,1099,1169,1193,1258,1275,1304,1319,1356,1384,1386,1441,1443,1498,1519,1530,1576],"social":[23,343,745,757,775,908,1303,1387,1444],"sciences":[24],"literature":[25],"regarding":[26],"its":[27,575],"successes":[28],"outcomes":[31],"comparison":[33],"other":[35,141,620,650,970],"settings.":[36,142],"In":[37,481,1044,1411,1468],"late":[39],"20th":[40,199],"century":[41],"this":[42,72,202,321,1081,1121,1406,1463,1505,1558],"world":[46],"shown":[48,880,1323],"vast":[49,523,1351],"improvement":[50],"life":[52,1040,1126,1234,1375,1578],"expectancy":[53,1127],"(LE)":[54],"infant":[56,226,299,331],"mortality":[57,145,161,186,227,396,417,1294,1358],"rates\u2014to":[58],"standards":[59],"that":[60,112,134,324,405,463,465,520,611,763,933,969,1069,1086,1206,1288],"were":[61,1501],"comparable":[62],"western":[65,444,961],"developed":[66,726,1248],"counterparts.":[67],"A":[68,89,1117],"notable":[69],"example":[70],"is":[74,116,174,292,381,397,414,535,899,1023,1033,1083,1089,1123,1143,1376,1432,1489,1562,1587],"Hong":[75,96,242,410],"Kong,":[76],"which":[77,291,394,569,730,1028,1129],"2010":[79],"overtaken":[81],"Japan":[82,261,280,437,827],"have":[84,146,336,583,732,862,877,1113,1295,1322,1400,1457],"longest":[87,854],"LE.":[88,224,1290],"male":[90],"baby":[91],"who":[92],"was":[93,190,246,255,999,1511],"born":[94],"Kong":[97,243],"2020":[99],"could":[100,137,180,306,322,335,369,469,570,731,915,924,936,972,1073],"be":[101,138,308,470,502,571,615,888,925,974,1107,1137,1610],"expected":[102,1135],"live":[104,251,1074],"on":[105,525,574,704,756,765],"average":[106],"age":[108,189,355,374,388],"83.4":[109],"years,":[110],"while":[111,253],"for":[113,241,260,734,794,1010,1019,1503,1513,1590,1616],"a":[114,453,503,514,563,572,677,760,799,816,901,1004,1015,1146],"female":[115],"87.7.":[117],"There":[118],"thus":[120],"sustained":[122],"interests":[123],"search":[126],"an":[128,1415,1472],"\u201cAsian":[129],"model\u201d":[130],"hope":[133],"such":[135,304,486,669,922,1311],"feat":[136],"replicated":[139],"Patterns":[143],"extensively":[148],"investigated":[149],"by":[150,311,339,384,822,849,881,995,1564,1600],"previous":[151,608,1396,1453],"studies,":[152],"mainly":[153],"stemming":[154],"from":[155,215,350,418,432,475,982,1225],"disadvantage":[157],"longevity":[159,966,1404,1461],"United":[164,266,270,530,1050],"States":[165,271],"when":[166,948,1372],"compared":[167,648,949],"internationally.2":[168],"Although":[169],"relevant":[170,1298],"research":[171,518],"Asia":[173,233,698,808,1242,1344],"relatively":[175,284,454,779,812],"limited,":[176],"two":[177],"observations":[178,716],"apparently":[179],"explain":[181],"advantage.":[184],"First,":[185],"young":[188,220],"drastically":[191],"reduced":[192],"latter":[195],"half":[196],"century.":[200],"During":[201],"period,":[203],"burgeoning":[204],"infrastructure":[207],"medical":[209,340,496,944],"advancement":[210],"helped":[212,356],"prevent":[213],"deaths":[214,248,334,349,1355],"infectious":[216],"diseases":[217,352,420],"at":[218,274,353,379,551,975],"very":[219],"ages,":[221,1361],"boosting":[222],"The":[225,539,768,1291,1336,1378,1539,1546,1585],"rates":[228],"(IMR)":[229],"now":[235],"become":[236,682,1296,1369],"lowest\u2014the":[239],"IMR":[240],"2018":[245],"1.5":[247],"per":[249],"1000":[250],"births,":[252],"it":[254,656,1142,1264],"1.9":[256],"2.1":[258],"respectively":[259,273,830],"Singapore,":[263,1192],"whereas":[264],"Kingdom":[267],"stood":[272],"3.9":[275],"5.7.":[277],"Paradoxically":[278],"perhaps,":[279],"Singapore":[282],"had":[283],"high":[285,633,927],"prevalence":[286,456],"low":[288,327,428,455,643,753],"birth":[289,328,380],"weight,":[290],"closely":[293],"related":[294,889,1118],"higher":[296,688,891,1426,1483],"risk":[297],"child":[301],"mortality.3":[302],"Despite":[303],"trend":[305,313,721,1212],"not":[307,536,1255,1550,1588],"fully":[309],"explained":[310],"secular":[312,1211],"gestational":[315],"age,":[316,488],"maternal":[317],"smoking":[318,429],"BMI,":[320],"reflect":[323],"pathways":[325,1423,1480],"linking":[326],"weight":[329],"or":[332,490,991,1108,1162,1593],"early":[333,1354],"mitigated":[338],"resources":[341],"factors.4":[344],"Second,":[345],"reduction":[347,1352],"chronic":[351,621],"older":[354,1042,1071,1104,1167,1360],"increase":[357],"LEs":[358],"since":[359],"1960s.":[361],"Given":[362],"94%\u201396%":[363],"new-borns":[365],"high-income":[367,445,626,697],"countries":[368],"survive":[370],"beyond":[373],"50,":[375],"variations":[376],"LE":[378,735,1032,1215],"largely":[382],"dominated":[383],"what":[385],"happens":[386],"over":[387,1158],"50":[389],"extent":[392,1026],"cardiovascular":[395,419,663,1357],"controlled.5,":[398],"6":[399],"Ni":[400],"colleagues":[402],"reported":[404],"lead":[407,1326],"contributor":[408],"Kong's":[411],"survival":[412],"advantage":[413,964,1367],"lower":[416,683],"males":[422],"females,":[424],"possibly":[425,798],"due":[426,771],"prevalence.7":[430],"Mortality":[431],"ischemic":[433],"heart":[434,894],"disease":[435,895],"never":[439],"reached":[440],"levels":[441],"seen":[442],"countries.8":[446],"Taiwan":[447],"South":[449,1194],"Korea":[450,829,1195],"also":[451,630,702,863,1000,1283],"maintained":[452],"hypertension.9":[458],"Dahlgren":[459],"Whitehead":[461],"posited":[462],"factors":[464,485,550,971,1208],"determine":[466],"population":[467,1150],"conceptualized":[471],"as":[472,487,522,528,666,903,1145,1217,1222,1312,1389,1391,1446,1448],"stacked":[473],"layers":[474],"individual":[476],"macro":[479,553],"environment.10":[480],"addition":[482,1301],"constitutional":[484],"sex":[489],"genetics,":[491],"access":[492,939],"quality":[494,1038,1373,1427,1484],"care":[497,511,527,790,1175],"are":[498,557,601,778,1282],"often":[499],"assumed":[500],"primary":[504],"determinant":[505],"health.":[507,1140],"But":[508],"even":[509],"does":[512,1549],"play":[513,785,976,1003,1551],"role,":[515],"decades":[516],"showed":[519],"with":[521,718,1036,1287],"spending":[524],"States,":[531],"dividend":[534],"always":[537],"proportionate.11":[538],"unique":[540,1379,1436],"characteristics":[541],"setting":[546],"terms":[548],"meso":[555],"level":[556,707],"potentially":[558],"important":[559],"explanations.":[560],"We":[561],"name":[562],"few":[564],"examples":[565],"here,":[566],"each":[567],"hypothesis":[573],"own":[576],"leading":[577,1424,1481],"more":[579,678,741,1016,1090],"comprehensive":[580],"investigation.":[581],"Diets":[582,623],"long":[584,810,1075],"proposed":[586,1001],"result":[588],"differences":[592],"between":[593],"east":[594],"west.":[596,1249],"Soy":[597],"soy":[599,612],"products":[600,613],"regularly":[602],"consumed":[603],"Asia;":[607],"evidence":[609],"suggested":[610],"might":[614,1216,1368],"protective":[616],"against":[617],"cancers":[618],"diseases.12":[622],"feature":[631,752],"exceptionally":[632],"intake":[634,644],"omega-3":[636],"fatty":[637],"acids,":[638],"vegetables,":[639],"whole":[640],"grains":[641],"sugar-sweetened":[646],"beverages":[647],"regions":[651],"world;":[654],"lowest":[659],"rate":[660],"dietary-related":[662],"diseases.13":[664],"However,":[665,947,1221],"dietary":[670],"habit":[671],"increasingly":[674,1297],"changing":[675],"westernized":[679],"style":[680],"fiber":[685],"content":[686,1592],"but":[687,1096,1362],"fat":[690],"carbohydrates.14":[692],"Insufficient":[693],"physical":[694],"activities":[695],"Pacific":[699],"economies":[700,750,861],"similar":[706,1245],"west":[710],"last":[713],"decade.15":[714],"These":[715],"synchronized":[717],"rising":[720],"obesity":[723],"economies,":[729],"implications":[733],"future.":[738],"Regarding":[739],"upstream":[742],"factors,":[743],"policies":[746,1022],"traditionally":[751,865],"expenditure":[755],"welfare":[758],"productivistic":[761],"model":[762],"focuses":[764],"economic":[766,980],"growth.":[767],"redistribution":[769],"effects":[770,1394,1451],"taxation":[773],"insurance":[776],"premiums":[777],"low.16":[780],"Family":[781],"community":[783],"networks":[784],"central":[786],"roles":[787],"providing":[789],"safety":[792],"nets":[793],"those":[795,1011,1429,1486],"need,":[797],"reflection":[800],"Confucianism.17":[802],"Moreover,":[803,1014],"women":[804,844],"empowerment":[805],"weak.":[813],"According":[814,1183],"recent":[817,1314],"gender":[818],"equality":[819],"report":[820],"published":[821],"World":[824,883,997],"Economic":[825],"Forum,":[826],"ranked":[831],"121":[832],"108":[834],"out":[835],"153":[837],"nations":[838],"surveyed.18":[839],"Intriguingly,":[840],"Japanese":[841],"Korean":[843],"defied":[845],"conventional":[846],"sociological":[847],"theories":[848],"having":[850],"among":[851],"LEs.":[855],"Workers":[856],"working":[866,875],"longer":[867,874],"hours":[868,876],"than":[869,1091,1606],"West.":[872],"Nonetheless,":[873],"Health":[884],"Organization":[885],"(WHO)":[886],"risks":[892],"stroke.19":[897],"It":[898],"perhaps":[900],"conundrum":[902],"how":[905],"underlying":[907,1422,1479],"forces":[909,1308],"societies":[914],"mitigate":[916],"these":[917],"risks.":[919],"One":[920],"possibilities":[923],"urbanicity":[928],"region,":[931],"implying":[932],"urban":[934],"dwellers":[935],"easily":[937],"get":[938],"essential":[941],"utilities":[942],"services":[945],"easily.":[946],"similarly":[950],"highly":[951],"urbanized":[952],"cities":[953],"counterparts,":[962],"remains,":[967],"suggesting":[968,1205],"well":[973,1218,1390,1447],"(Figure":[977],"1).":[978],"Spectacular":[979],"development":[981,1556],"1960s":[984],"without":[985],"massive":[986],"increases":[987],"income":[989],"inequalities,":[990],"termed":[992],"\u201cshared":[993],"prosperity\u201d":[994],"Bank,":[998],"role":[1005,1553],"improvements":[1008],"particularly":[1009],"socioeconomically":[1012],"disadvantaged.20":[1013],"salient":[1017],"concern":[1018],"whether":[1024],"lengthening":[1030],"keeping":[1034],"pace":[1035],"improving":[1037],"during":[1041],"ages.":[1043],"2020,":[1045],"WHO":[1047,1187],"Nation":[1051],"member":[1052],"states":[1053],"adopted":[1054],"Decade":[1056],"Healthy":[1058],"Ageing":[1059],"(2021\u20132030)":[1060],"resolution,":[1061],"targeting":[1062],"implement":[1064],"collaborative":[1065],"actions":[1066],"ensure":[1068],"all":[1070],"people":[1072,1105],"healthy":[1077,1125,1271,1577],"lives.21":[1078],"Central":[1079],"initiative":[1082],"concept":[1085],"\u201chealthy":[1087],"aging\u201d":[1088],"just":[1092],"absence":[1093],"diseases,":[1095],"build":[1098],"maintain":[1100],"abilities":[1102],"do":[1110],"things":[1111],"they":[1112],"reason":[1114],"value.":[1116],"measure":[1119,1148],"regard":[1122],"(HLE),":[1128],"measures":[1130],"number":[1132],"years":[1134,1180,1232,1431,1488],"good":[1139,1237,1337],"While":[1141],"useful":[1144],"standalone":[1147],"health,":[1151],"changes":[1153,1172],"HLE/LE":[1156,1227],"ratio":[1157],"time":[1159,1274],"reflects":[1160],"expansion":[1161],"compression":[1163],"morbidity":[1165],"toward":[1166],"ages":[1168],"hence":[1170],"long-term":[1174],"needs":[1176],"following":[1177],"added":[1179,1430,1487],"life.":[1182],"global":[1188],"observatory,":[1190],"Japan,":[1191],"topped":[1196],"HLE":[1198,1253,1281],"league":[1199],"table":[1200],"2019":[1202],"(Appendix":[1203],"S1),":[1204],"driving":[1209],"increasing":[1214],"influenced":[1219],"HLE.":[1220],"we":[1223],"see":[1224],"ratio,":[1228],"share":[1230],"spent":[1235],"remain":[1243],"fairly":[1244],"Data":[1250],"collection":[1251],"systematic":[1257],"underdeveloped":[1259],"some":[1261],"places,":[1262],"making":[1263],"difficult":[1265],"monitor":[1267],"status":[1269],"aging":[1272,1416,1473],"across":[1273],"space.":[1276],"Studies":[1277],"determinants":[1279],"surprisingly":[1284],"limited":[1285],"comparing":[1286],"studies":[1292],"because,":[1299],"cultural":[1305,1382,1439],"values,":[1306],"different":[1307],"globalization,":[1310],"Covid-19":[1315],"pandemic,":[1316],"warfare,":[1317],"geopolitics":[1318],"trade":[1320],"agreements,":[1321],"themselves":[1324],"profound":[1328],"consequences":[1329],"people's":[1331],"today's":[1334],"world.":[1335,1410,1467],"performance":[1338],"attributed":[1348],"less":[1370],"prominent":[1371],"considered.":[1377],"combination":[1380,1437],"practice":[1383,1440],"values":[1385,1442],"policies,":[1388,1445],"lagged":[1393,1450],"interventions":[1399,1456],"contributed":[1401,1458],"part":[1407,1464],"face":[1413,1470],"world,":[1417,1474],"efforts":[1418,1475],"discern":[1420,1477],"urgently":[1433,1490],"needed.":[1434],"\u201cThe":[1435],"needed.\u201d":[1491],"Eric":[1492,1507],"T.":[1493,1508],"C.":[1494,1509],"Lai,":[1495],"Michael":[1496],"Marmot,":[1497],"Jean":[1499],"Woo":[1500],"responsible":[1502,1512,1589],"conceptualizing":[1504],"manuscript.":[1506,1523,1538,1559],"Lai":[1510],"reviewing":[1514,1529],"literature,":[1516],"data":[1517],"curation":[1518],"writing":[1520],"All":[1524],"co-authors":[1525],"participated":[1526],"critically":[1528],"intellectually":[1531],"input":[1532],"drafts":[1535],"authors":[1540],"declare":[1541],"no":[1542],"conflicts":[1543],"interest.":[1545],"funding":[1547],"body":[1548],"any":[1552,1596],"This":[1560],"work":[1561],"supported":[1563],"CUHK":[1566],"Vice":[1567],"Chancellor's":[1568],"Discretionary":[1569],"Fund":[1570],"(136604080).":[1571],"Appendix":[1572],"S1.":[1573],"Life":[1574],"expectancies":[1575,1579],"selected":[1581],"countries.":[1582],"Please":[1583],"note:":[1584],"publisher":[1586],"functionality":[1594],"supporting":[1597],"information":[1598],"supplied":[1599],"authors.":[1602],"Any":[1603],"queries":[1604],"(other":[1605],"missing":[1607],"content)":[1608],"should":[1609],"directed":[1611],"corresponding":[1614],"author":[1615],"article.":[1618]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-05-24T00:00:00"}