{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376871024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3357/amhp.6141.2023","title":"A Flight Helmet-Attached Force Gauge for Measuring Isometric Neck Muscle Strength","display_name":"A Flight Helmet-Attached Force Gauge for Measuring Isometric Neck Muscle Strength","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376871024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3357/amhp.6141.2023","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37194182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3357/amhp.6141.2023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3357/amhp.6141.2023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3357/amhp.6141.2023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764403496","display_name":"Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance","issn_l":"2375-6314","issn":["2375-6314","2375-6322"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316708","host_organization_name":"Aerospace Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316708"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Aerospace Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091964280","display_name":"Paavo Nyl\u00e4nden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2556-086X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2556-086X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paavo Nyl\u00e4nden","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013096632","display_name":"Mikko Virmavirta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-8091","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-8091"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikko Virmavirta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021243172","display_name":"Roope Sovelius","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4779-4431","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4779-4431"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roope Sovelius","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000097678","display_name":"Heikki Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3822-1733","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3822-1733"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heikki Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019791163","display_name":"Tuomas Honkanen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2059-6621","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2059-6621"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuomas Honkanen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6738,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67076022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":"6","first_page":"480","last_page":"484"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12138","display_name":"Occupational Health and Performance","score":0.8417999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12138","display_name":"Occupational Health and Performance","score":0.8417999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.05869999900460243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.04259999841451645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/force-gauge","display_name":"force gauge","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flight-helmets","display_name":"flight helmets","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fighter-pilots","display_name":"fighter pilots","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-spine","display_name":"cervical spine","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sternocleidomastoid-muscle","display_name":"sternocleidomastoid muscle","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-erector-spinae","display_name":"cervical erector spinae","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"electromyography","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neck-flexion-extension","display_name":"neck flexion and extension","score":0.7870000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103486182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1216236","display_name":"Isometric exercise","level":2,"score":0.9091438055038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23161992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2922301","display_name":"Hum","level":3,"score":0.6730720400810242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910045404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756697","display_name":"Neck muscles","level":2,"score":0.6701239943504333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6439246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3332475","display_name":"Aviation medicine","level":2,"score":0.524100661277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40976572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330873","display_name":"Gauge (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.4946231544017792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988918651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Muscle strength","level":2,"score":0.47756606340408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.443989098072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.42629921436309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.41466087102890015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.40058308839797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.3109736442565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.2657284140586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1861339509487152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17411291599273682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554144382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213156","display_name":"Performance art","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006260","descriptor_name":"Head Protective Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007537","descriptor_name":"Isometric Contraction","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009333","descriptor_name":"Neck","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009334","descriptor_name":"Neck Muscles","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019547","descriptor_name":"Neck Pain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053580","descriptor_name":"Muscle Strength","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3357/amhp.6141.2023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3357/amhp.6141.2023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3357/amhp.6141.2023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764403496","display_name":"Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance","issn_l":"2375-6314","issn":["2375-6314","2375-6322"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316708","host_organization_name":"Aerospace Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316708"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Aerospace Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37194182","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37194182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aerospace medicine and human performance","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111387760","https://openalex.org/W2008048359","https://openalex.org/W2013342746","https://openalex.org/W2149638086","https://openalex.org/W2166521121","https://openalex.org/W2332990161","https://openalex.org/W2995860582","https://openalex.org/W3114945618","https://openalex.org/W3119709132","https://openalex.org/W3132703086","https://openalex.org/W3137203761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403455028","https://openalex.org/W235549791","https://openalex.org/W2061830316","https://openalex.org/W2370500033","https://openalex.org/W2241158950","https://openalex.org/W3132703086","https://openalex.org/W2568511573","https://openalex.org/W2368504544","https://openalex.org/W1523274472","https://openalex.org/W2054624754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Fighter":[1],"pilots":[2],"must":[3],"withstand":[4],"high":[5],"Gz-forces":[6],"that":[7],"can":[8],"damage":[9],"the":[10,15,55,88,109,134,142,172,207],"cervical":[11,16,81,115,163],"spine.":[12],"Strength":[13],"of":[14,19,49,57,75,137,209],"musculature":[17],"is":[18,33,180,191],"vital":[20],"importance":[21],"when":[22],"it":[23,159],"comes":[24],"to":[25,53,63,132,197,205],"preventing":[26],"these":[27],"G-induced":[28],"neck":[29,39,70,187,229],"injuries.":[30],"However,":[31],"there":[32],"very":[34],"little":[35],"evidence":[36],"on":[37],"valid":[38,182],"muscle":[40,71,188,230],"strength":[41,189,202,210],"measurement":[42],"methods":[43],"for":[44,67,184,226],"fighter":[45],"pilots.":[46],"The":[47,177],"aim":[48],"this":[50],"study":[51],"was":[52,98,144,160],"examine":[54],"validity":[56],"a":[58,64,93,101,181,195],"commercial":[59],"force":[60,139,224],"gauge":[61,90,179,225],"attached":[62],"pilot\u2019s":[65],"helmet":[66],"measuring":[68,185,227],"isometric":[69,80,186,228],"strength.METHODS:":[72],"A":[73,221],"total":[74],"10":[76],"subjects":[77],"performed":[78],"maximal":[79],"flexion,":[82],"extension,":[83],"and":[84,91,111,114,127,156,158,190],"lateral":[85],"flexion":[86],"with":[87,92],"helmet-attached":[89,178,223],"weight":[94],"stack":[95],"machine,":[96],"which":[97],"used":[99,131,193],"as":[100,194],"reference.":[102],"Electromyography":[103],"(EMG)":[104],"activities":[105,166],"were":[106,130,167],"recorded":[107],"from":[108],"right":[110],"left":[112,173],"sternocleidomastoids":[113],"erector":[116],"spinae":[117],"muscles":[118],"during":[119,175],"all":[120,148],"measurements.":[121],"Paired":[122],"t-tests,":[123],"Pearson":[124,150],"correlation":[125,151],"coefficient,":[126],"Wilcoxon\u2019s":[128],"test":[129],"analyze":[133],"data.RESULTS:":[135],"Difference":[136],"mean":[138],"values":[140],"between":[141,154],"devices":[143],"statistically":[145],"significant":[146],"in":[147,162,171,201],"directions.":[149],"coefficient":[152],"varied":[153],"0.73":[155],"0.89":[157],"highest":[161],"flexion.":[164],"EMG":[165],"significantly":[168],"different":[169],"only":[170],"CES":[174],"flexion.DISCUSSION:":[176],"tool":[183],"best":[192],"means":[196],"compare":[198],"individual":[199],"differences":[200],"levels":[203],"or":[204],"track":[206],"progress":[208],"development.Nyl\u00e4nden":[211],"P,":[212],"Virmavirta":[213],"M,":[214],"Sovelius":[215],"R,":[216],"Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen":[217],"H,":[218],"Honkanen":[219],"T.":[220],"flight":[222],"strength.":[231],"Aerosp":[232],"Med":[233],"Hum":[234],"Perform.":[235],"2023;":[236],"94(6):480\u2013484.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-05-18T00:00:00"}
