{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376623701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00182","title":"Assessing the residual benefit of soil-applied zinc on grain zinc nutritional quality of maize grown under contrasting soil types in Malawi.","display_name":"Assessing the residual benefit of soil-applied zinc on grain zinc nutritional quality of maize grown under contrasting soil types in Malawi.","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376623701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00182","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00182","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006434162","display_name":"Lester Botoman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1159-0598","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1159-0598"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101907","display_name":"Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/0188qm081","country_code":"MW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153015","display_name":"Department of Agricultural Research & Technical Services","ror":"https://ror.org/04em0br16","country_code":"MW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153015"]}],"countries":["MW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lester Botoman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Research Services\r            Chitedze Agricultural Research Station\r            P.O. Box 158\r            Lilongwe\r            Malawi","Department of Crop and Soil Sciences\r            Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources\r            Bunda Campus\r            P.O. Box 219\r            Lilongwe\r            Malawi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Research Services\r            Chitedze Agricultural Research Station\r            P.O. Box 158\r            Lilongwe\r            Malawi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Crop and Soil Sciences\r            Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources\r            Bunda Campus\r            P.O. Box 219\r            Lilongwe\r            Malawi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074844086","display_name":"Joseph Gregory Chimungu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0330-0872","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0330-0872"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101907","display_name":"Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/0188qm081","country_code":"MW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101907"]}],"countries":["MW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph G. Chimungu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Crop and Soil Sciences\r            Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources\r            Bunda Campus\r            P.O. Box 219\r            Lilongwe\r            Malawi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Crop and Soil Sciences\r            Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources\r            Bunda Campus\r            P.O. Box 219\r            Lilongwe\r            Malawi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034621936","display_name":"Elizabeth H. Bailey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5266-3792","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5266-3792"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth H. Bailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biosciences\r            University of Nottingham\r            Sutton Bonington Campus\r            Loughborough\r            LE12 5RD\r            UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biosciences\r            University of Nottingham\r            Sutton Bonington Campus\r            Loughborough\r            LE12 5RD\r            UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059458886","display_name":"Moses Munthali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153015","display_name":"Department of Agricultural Research & Technical Services","ror":"https://ror.org/04em0br16","country_code":"MW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153015"]}],"countries":["MW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moses W. Munthali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Research Services\r            Chitedze Agricultural Research Station\r            P.O. Box 158\r            Lilongwe\r            Malawi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Research Services\r            Chitedze Agricultural Research Station\r            P.O. Box 158\r            Lilongwe\r            Malawi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060301247","display_name":"E. Louise Ander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3901-1949","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3901-1949"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139290333","display_name":"British Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/04a7gbp98","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139290333","https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I4210087105"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Louise Ander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inorganic Geochemistry\r            Centre for Environmental Geochemistry\r            British Geological Survey\r            Keyworth\r            Nottingham\r            NG12 5GG\r            UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inorganic Geochemistry\r            Centre for Environmental Geochemistry\r            British Geological Survey\r            Keyworth\r            Nottingham\r            NG12 5GG\r            UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139290333"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003084932","display_name":"Abdul\u2010Wahab Mossa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9540-2023","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9540-2023"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul-Wahab Mossa","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biosciences\r            University of Nottingham\r            Sutton Bonington Campus\r            Loughborough\r            LE12 5RD\r            UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biosciences\r            University of Nottingham\r            Sutton Bonington Campus\r            Loughborough\r            LE12 5RD\r            UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043786243","display_name":"Scott D. Young","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3371-7185","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3371-7185"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott D. Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biosciences\r            University of Nottingham\r            Sutton Bonington Campus\r            Loughborough\r            LE12 5RD\r            UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biosciences\r            University of Nottingham\r            Sutton Bonington Campus\r            Loughborough\r            LE12 5RD\r            UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057530419","display_name":"Martin R. Broadley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3964-7226","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3964-7226"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799553609","display_name":"Rothamsted Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0347fy350","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799553609","https://openalex.org/I2799693246","https://openalex.org/I4210087105"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin R. Broadley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothamsted Research\r            West Common\r            Harpenden\r            AL5 2JQ\r            UK","School of Biosciences\r            University of Nottingham\r            Sutton Bonington Campus\r            Loughborough\r            LE12 5RD\r            UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothamsted Research\r            West Common\r            Harpenden\r            AL5 2JQ\r            UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799553609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biosciences\r            University of Nottingham\r            Sutton Bonington Campus\r            Loughborough\r            LE12 5RD\r            UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028634354","display_name":"R. M. Lark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2571-8521","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2571-8521"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Murray Lark","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biosciences\r            University of Nottingham\r            Sutton Bonington Campus\r            Loughborough\r            LE12 5RD\r            UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biosciences\r            University of Nottingham\r            Sutton Bonington Campus\r            Loughborough\r            LE12 5RD\r            UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056347273","display_name":"Patson Cleopus Nalivata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8429-2829","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8429-2829"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101907","display_name":"Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/0188qm081","country_code":"MW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101907"]}],"countries":["MW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patson C. Nalivata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Crop and Soil Sciences\r            Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources\r            Bunda Campus\r            P.O. Box 219\r            Lilongwe\r            Malawi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Crop and Soil Sciences\r            Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources\r            Bunda Campus\r            P.O. Box 219\r            Lilongwe\r            Malawi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11418","display_name":"Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11418","display_name":"Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc-fertilization","display_name":"zinc fertilization","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize","display_name":"maize","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-zinc-concentration","display_name":"grain zinc concentration","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofortification","display_name":"biofortification","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc-uptake","display_name":"zinc uptake","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"grain yield","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lixisols","display_name":"Lixisols","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertisols","display_name":"Vertisols","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-type","display_name":"soil type","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harvest-index","display_name":"harvest index","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malawi","display_name":"Malawi","score":0.6579999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780500427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2351904","display_name":"Stover","level":3,"score":0.8399258852005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6976386904716492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776576667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864310","display_name":"Biofortification","level":3,"score":0.6635152101516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535196362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758","display_name":"Zinc","level":2,"score":0.6323874592781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.6012577414512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144938864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Randomized block design","level":2,"score":0.5554260611534119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37991615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192084","display_name":"Vertisol","level":3,"score":0.48175573348999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4728201627731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732240","display_name":"Growing season","level":2,"score":0.46461570262908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.44170334935188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778520195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16249780","display_name":"Grain quality","level":2,"score":0.41684556007385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32101356983184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.3167937099933624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3009556233882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1613125205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.08883845806121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00182","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:21363948","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/21363948","pdf_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/21363948/1/Plant%20Direct%20-%202022%20-%20Botoman","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint / Working Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00182","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"score":0.4390000104904175,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2643909723","display_name":"BGS Geoscience to tackle global environmental challenges","funder_award_id":"NE/X006255/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4435477888","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"bgs06003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G833322332","display_name":"University of Nottingham - to provide new evidence to support policy makers in the Agriculture, Nutrition and Public Health sectors make decisions to reduce the burden of mic...","funder_award_id":"INV-009129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","funder_display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4376623701.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4376623701.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4417146157","https://openalex.org/W4308494913","https://openalex.org/W3094518472","https://openalex.org/W2088772215","https://openalex.org/W3100448412","https://openalex.org/W2556415340","https://openalex.org/W4407279588","https://openalex.org/W3188898384","https://openalex.org/W4392846845","https://openalex.org/W2334051931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"proper":[1],"understanding":[2],"of":[3,7,15,28,58,120,320,329,336,349,354,370,379,382],"the":[4,23,31,52,91,94,99,131,134,190,209,246,260,305,315,330,346,358,362,367,385],"residual":[5,197,334,347],"value":[6],"zinc":[8],"(Zn)":[9],"is":[10],"necessary":[11],"for":[12,398],"sustainable":[13],"biofortification":[14],"food":[16],"crops.":[17,400],"This":[18],"study":[19,114],"aimed":[20],"to":[21,25,45,90,130,196,333,366],"establish":[22],"extent":[24],"which":[26,73,262,272],"application":[27,251,309,319],"Zn":[29,60,63,88,117,126,159,167,177,187,198,215,230,240,243,267,277,287,291,300,303,323,338,356,373,383],"at":[30,80,149,288,393],"national":[32,368,387],"rate,":[33],"plus":[34],"two":[35,81,104,395],"experimentally":[36],"elevated":[37],"rates,":[38],"in":[39,51,72,77,85,93,133,139,161,194,208,245,295,313,357],"one":[40],"year":[41,307,317],"provided":[42],"any":[43],"benefit":[44],"plant":[46],"yield":[47,157,185,205],"and":[48,65,111,123,158,163,172,176,186,200,242,256,397],"nutritional":[49],"quality":[50],"following":[53],"growing":[54],"season.":[55],"Residual":[56],"effects":[57,335,348],"soil-applied":[59,337,355],"on":[61,183,206,223,259,342],"grain":[62,156,162,171,184,204,239,299],"concentration":[64,160,241],"uptake":[66,168,188,244,304],"were":[67,108,165,174,192,252],"estimated":[68],"by":[69,169,189,236,254],"an":[70],"experiment":[71],"maize":[74,155,170,364],"was":[75,180,282,311],"grown":[76],"successive":[78],"seasons":[79,396],"agricultural":[82],"research":[83],"stations":[84],"Malawi,":[86],"with":[87,146],"applied":[89,129,220,235],"soil":[92,106,132,201,343],"first":[95],"season":[96,211,225,248,360],"but":[97],"not":[98,340],"second.":[100],"At":[101,153],"each":[102,150],"site":[103],"common":[105],"types":[107],"used:":[109],"Lixisols":[110],"Vertisols.":[112],"The":[113,238,327,377],"used":[115],"three":[116],"fertilizer":[118,199,250],"rates":[119],"1,":[121],"30":[122,213,265,321,350],"90":[124,289],"kg":[125,214,229,266,276,290,322,351,372],"ha":[127,216,231,268,278,292,324,352,374],"-1":[128,217,232,269,279,293,325,353,375],"previous":[135],"cropping":[136],"season,":[137],"arranged":[138],"a":[140],"randomized":[141],"complete":[142],"block":[143],"design":[144],"(RCBD)":[145],"10":[147],"replications":[148],"experimental":[151],"site.":[152],"harvest,":[154],"stover":[164,173],"measured;":[166],"determined":[175],"harvest":[178],"index":[179],"calculated.":[181],"Effects":[182],"crop":[191,297],"assessed":[193],"relation":[195],"type.":[202,344],"Maize":[203],"plots":[207,226,261,314],"second":[210,224,247,306,316],"where":[212,227],"had":[218,233,263,273],"been":[219,234],"exceeded":[221],"that":[222,285],"1":[228,275,371],"25%.":[237],"after":[249,308,318],"larger":[253,296,380],"13%":[255],"30%":[257],"respectively":[258],"received":[264,274],"than":[270,310,384],"those":[271],".":[280,326,376],"There":[281],"no":[283],"evidence":[284],"applying":[286],"resulted":[294],"yield,":[298],"concentration,":[301],"or":[302],"seen":[312],"magnitude":[328],"benefits":[331,378],"attributed":[332],"did":[339],"depend":[341],"Conclusively,":[345],"preceding":[359],"benefited":[361],"subsequent":[363],"compared":[365],"recommendation":[369],"applications":[381],"current":[386],"recommendations":[388],"should":[389],"be":[390],"considered":[391],"across":[392],"least":[394],"different":[399]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2023-05-17T00:00:00"}
