{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376502363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4023581","title":"Pell Grants and Labor Supply: Evidence from a Regression Kink","display_name":"Pell Grants and Labor Supply: Evidence from a Regression Kink","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376502363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4023581"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4023581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4023581","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4023581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4023581","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032015595","display_name":"Michael Kofoed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192545095","display_name":"United States Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/01jepya76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I192545095","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197518295","display_name":"IZA - Institute of Labor Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/029s44460","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197518295"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Kofoed","raw_affiliation_strings":["IZA Institute of Labor Economics, P.O. Box 7240, Bonn, D-53072, Germany","United States Military Academy, 600 Thayer Rd, West Point, NY 10996, United States","IZA Institute of Labor Economics","United States Military Academy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IZA Institute of Labor Economics, P.O. Box 7240, Bonn, D-53072, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197518295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Military Academy, 600 Thayer Rd, West Point, NY 10996, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IZA Institute of Labor Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197518295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Military Academy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032015595"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095","https://openalex.org/I197518295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pell-grants","display_name":"Pell grants","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-campus-employment","display_name":"off-campus employment","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-aid","display_name":"financial aid","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-discontinuity-design","display_name":"regression discontinuity design","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-postsecondary-student-aid-study","display_name":"National Postsecondary Student Aid Study","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-affordability","display_name":"college affordability","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-to-graduation","display_name":"time to graduation","score":0.5270000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.5026030540466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4778432548046112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66912227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2138712","display_name":"Regression discontinuity design","level":2,"score":0.46689924597740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.46175217628479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.4262383282184601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.39061272144317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3624952435493469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3456117510795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13962221145629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1075713038444519}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4023581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4023581","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4023581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4023581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4023581","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4023581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2917350532","https://openalex.org/W2532108004","https://openalex.org/W2031020245","https://openalex.org/W2791696442","https://openalex.org/W2316379476","https://openalex.org/W4389917579","https://openalex.org/W2794791030","https://openalex.org/W3154959380","https://openalex.org/W4210449297","https://openalex.org/W4412848565"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2023-05-15T00:00:00"}
