{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376274643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102551","title":"Assessment of Active LiDAR Data and Passive Optical Imagery for Double-Layered Mangrove Leaf Area Index Estimation: A Case Study in Mai Po, Hong Kong","display_name":"Assessment of Active LiDAR Data and Passive Optical Imagery for Double-Layered Mangrove Leaf Area Index Estimation: A Case Study in Mai Po, Hong Kong","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376274643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102551"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15102551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2551/pdf?version=1684141156","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2551/pdf?version=1684141156","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002099627","display_name":"Qiaosi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2244-3393","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2244-3393"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102474","display_name":"Urban Big Data Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/010e6zk56","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["CN","GB","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiaosi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Urban Big Data Centre , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , United Kingdom","Urban Big Data Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2244-3393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urban Big Data Centre , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102474","https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urban Big Data Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102474","https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071683329","display_name":"Frankie Kwan Kit Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2931-237X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2931-237X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frankie Kwan Kit Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031297851","display_name":"Tung Fung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-8216","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-8216"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tung Fung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075418773","display_name":"Luke A. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4807-9056","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4807-9056"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke A. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Environmental Science , University of Southampton , Southampton , United King - dom","School of Science, Engineering & Environment , University of Salford , Manchester , M5 4WT , United King- dom","School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Environmental Science , University of Southampton , Southampton , United King - dom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Engineering & Environment , University of Salford , Manchester , M5 4WT , United King- dom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060314690","display_name":"Jadunandan Dash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5444-2109","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5444-2109"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jadunandan Dash","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Environmental Science , University of Southampton , Southampton , United King - dom","School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Environmental Science , University of Southampton , Southampton , United King - dom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002099627"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I4210102474","https://openalex.org/I4210116924","https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2780},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2780},"fwci":2.2367,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86943101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"10","first_page":"2551","last_page":"2551"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10779","display_name":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"leaf area index","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mangroves","display_name":"mangroves","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airborne-lidar","display_name":"airborne laser scanning","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imagery","display_name":"hyperspectral imagery","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentinel-2","display_name":"Sentinel-2","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-index","display_name":"vegetation indices","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-edge","display_name":"red edge","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar-metrics","display_name":"LiDAR metrics","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-models","display_name":"regression models","score":0.6100000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8197833299636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7428671717643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139669111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422666","display_name":"Understory","level":3,"score":0.7305662631988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.6400215029716492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6148658990859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.5867487788200378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.584002673625946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.5441170930862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.5219314098358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20941615104675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1856081783771515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1369915008544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.06995883584022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15102551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2551/pdf?version=1684141156","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.31219/osf.io/5t6zs","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/5t6zs","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/5t6zs","pdf_url":"https://osf.io/5t6zs/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:298747","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/67323.html>","pdf_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/298747/1/298747.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405259220","host_organization_name":"Institut Agama Islam Negeri Langsa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259220"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cfefc8161b2048e3a8f287562745088b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cfefc8161b2048e3a8f287562745088b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 10, p 2551 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:477786","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/477786/1/remotesensing_15_02551_v2.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:openaire/21831165-a01c-42c3-afdf-0a810b71df52","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/366285956/Assessment_of_Active_LiDAR_Data_and_Passive_Optical_Imagery_for_Double-Layered_Mangrove_Leaf_Area_Index_Estimation_Version_of_Record.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Li, Q, Wong, F K K, Fung, T, Brown, L A & Dash, J 2023, 'Assessment of Active LiDAR Data and Passive Optical Imagery for Double-Layered Mangrove Leaf Area Index Estimation : A Case Study in Mai Po, Hong Kong', Remote Sensing, vol. 15, no. 10, 2551. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102551","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E022B-6FC-035","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.31219/OSF.IO/5T6ZS","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:dc2fcba4-ab39-4442-ab2e-61ded2963435","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/5t6zs","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15102551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2551/pdf?version=1684141156","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7605999708175659,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2756725110","display_name":"Urban Big Data","funder_award_id":"ES/L011921/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4746663598","display_name":"Urban Big Data Centre","funder_award_id":"ES/S007105/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322942","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4376274643.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4376274643.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":111,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84227776","https://openalex.org/W221493477","https://openalex.org/W633320881","https://openalex.org/W647803526","https://openalex.org/W1612140155","https://openalex.org/W1662323679","https://openalex.org/W1966123034","https://openalex.org/W1977290837","https://openalex.org/W1978642993","https://openalex.org/W1978915895","https://openalex.org/W1979361372","https://openalex.org/W1983523689","https://openalex.org/W1988392308","https://openalex.org/W1990361669","https://openalex.org/W1990660785","https://openalex.org/W1999091234","https://openalex.org/W2000613913","https://openalex.org/W2002022751","https://openalex.org/W2009825452","https://openalex.org/W2011475440","https://openalex.org/W2011762871","https://openalex.org/W2013042228","https://openalex.org/W2014983414","https://openalex.org/W2017859040","https://openalex.org/W2025007742","https://openalex.org/W2025967407","https://openalex.org/W2036003376","https://openalex.org/W2036005841","https://openalex.org/W2037619934","https://openalex.org/W2038617433","https://openalex.org/W2043058103","https://openalex.org/W2052700773","https://openalex.org/W2056352756","https://openalex.org/W2058312673","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2065030504","https://openalex.org/W2070608504","https://openalex.org/W2073226970","https://openalex.org/W2075021380","https://openalex.org/W2076418621","https://openalex.org/W2082012651","https://openalex.org/W2085445625","https://openalex.org/W2086128494","https://openalex.org/W2086278366","https://openalex.org/W2086783159","https://openalex.org/W2086920909","https://openalex.org/W2087047858","https://openalex.org/W2094434264","https://openalex.org/W2095055020","https://openalex.org/W2100229349","https://openalex.org/W2109777280","https://openalex.org/W2111947859","https://openalex.org/W2113410727","https://openalex.org/W2119150010","https://openalex.org/W2119582019","https://openalex.org/W2128438912","https://openalex.org/W2133751300","https://openalex.org/W2134769768","https://openalex.org/W2136255993","https://openalex.org/W2137608957","https://openalex.org/W2142087338","https://openalex.org/W2151647593","https://openalex.org/W2151880387","https://openalex.org/W2152672069","https://openalex.org/W2158669261","https://openalex.org/W2159961845","https://openalex.org/W2161815745","https://openalex.org/W2163410149","https://openalex.org/W2164936431","https://openalex.org/W2167869331","https://openalex.org/W2171979590","https://openalex.org/W2191461304","https://openalex.org/W2264733028","https://openalex.org/W2287716638","https://openalex.org/W2302304515","https://openalex.org/W2314250162","https://openalex.org/W2316729717","https://openalex.org/W2323406821","https://openalex.org/W2332981326","https://openalex.org/W2339345728","https://openalex.org/W2557040271","https://openalex.org/W2591344151","https://openalex.org/W2600798029","https://openalex.org/W2611080000","https://openalex.org/W2646675373","https://openalex.org/W2736175644","https://openalex.org/W2746458690","https://openalex.org/W2767189848","https://openalex.org/W2771841295","https://openalex.org/W2904957358","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2924772986","https://openalex.org/W2973292709","https://openalex.org/W2989417734","https://openalex.org/W2989983865","https://openalex.org/W3016771312","https://openalex.org/W3037054039","https://openalex.org/W3039714174","https://openalex.org/W3082590915","https://openalex.org/W3088226888","https://openalex.org/W3089409205","https://openalex.org/W3110292769","https://openalex.org/W3113243634","https://openalex.org/W3135933075","https://openalex.org/W3139003984","https://openalex.org/W3164275378","https://openalex.org/W3189032250","https://openalex.org/W4241285984","https://openalex.org/W4248268077","https://openalex.org/W6600041127","https://openalex.org/W6835502184"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2264733028","https://openalex.org/W3177098686","https://openalex.org/W3193637599","https://openalex.org/W4402261578","https://openalex.org/W4307407075","https://openalex.org/W4221070098","https://openalex.org/W2314250162","https://openalex.org/W2500395606","https://openalex.org/W4409879632","https://openalex.org/W4398206840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"sensing":[1],"technology":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,74],"timely":[5],"and":[6,61,68,92,97,111,116,156,172,195,220],"cost-efficient":[7],"method":[8],"for":[9,16,65,162,177],"leaf":[10],"area":[11],"index":[12],"(LAI)":[13],"estimation,":[14],"especially":[15],"less":[17,202],"accessible":[18],"areas":[19],"such":[20],"as":[21,102],"mangrove":[22,76],"forests.":[23],"Confounded":[24],"by":[25,204],"the":[26,38,41,45,50,90,109,131,135,138,151,157,192,205,218,225,232],"poor":[27],"penetrability":[28],"of":[29,40,52,73,130,134,154,160,169],"optical":[30],"images,":[31],"most":[32],"previous":[33],"studies":[34],"focused":[35],"on":[36],"estimating":[37],"LAI":[39,71],"main":[42],"canopy,":[43,222],"ignoring":[44],"understory.":[46,93,206],"This":[47],"study":[48],"investigated":[49],"capability":[51],"multispectral":[53],"Sentinel-2":[54],"(S2)":[55],"imagery,":[56],"airborne":[57,62],"hyperspectral":[58],"imagery":[59],"(HSI),":[60],"LiDAR":[63,84,98,170,213],"data":[64,85,149,214],"overstory":[66,91,136],"(OLe)":[67],"understory":[69],"(ULe)":[70],"estimation":[72,189],"multi-layered":[75],"stand":[77],"in":[78],"Mai":[79],"Po,":[80],"Hong":[81],"Kong,":[82],"China.":[83],"were":[86,100,124],"employed":[87],"to":[88,104,137,209],"stratify":[89],"Vegetation":[94],"indices":[95],"(VIs)":[96],"metrics":[99,171],"generated":[101],"predictors":[103],"build":[105],"regression":[106],"models":[107],"against":[108],"OLe":[110,120,163,188],"ULe":[112,128,178,233],"with":[113,181],"multiple":[114],"parametric":[115],"non-parametric":[117],"methods.":[118],"The":[119,166],"model":[121,164,179],"fitting":[122,180],"results":[123],"typically":[125],"better":[126],"than":[127],"because":[129],"dominant":[132],"contribution":[133],"remotely":[139],"sensed":[140],"signal.":[141],"A":[142],"single":[143],"red-edge":[144],"VI":[145],"derived":[146],"from":[147,191,227],"HSI":[148,198],"delivered":[150],"lowest":[152],"RMSE":[153,182],"0.12":[155],"highest":[158],"R2adj":[159,185],"0.79":[161],"fitting.":[165],"synergetic":[167],"use":[168],"S2":[173],"VIs":[174],"performed":[175],"best":[176],"=":[183,186],"0.33,":[184],"0.84.":[187],"benefited":[190],"high":[193],"spatial":[194],"spectral":[196],"resolution":[197],"that":[199],"was":[200],"found":[201],"confounded":[203],"In":[207],"addition":[208],"their":[210],"penetration":[211],"attributes,":[212],"could":[215],"separately":[216],"describe":[217],"upper":[219],"lower":[221],"which":[223],"reduced":[224],"noise":[226],"other":[228],"components,":[229],"thereby":[230],"improving":[231],"estimation.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2023-05-13T00:00:00"}
