{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4375850855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-023-00188-3","title":"The effect of implementing a critical thinking intervention program on English language learners\u2019 critical thinking, reading comprehension, and classroom climate","display_name":"The effect of implementing a critical thinking intervention program on English language learners\u2019 critical thinking, reading comprehension, and classroom climate","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4375850855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-023-00188-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40862-023-00188-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-023-00188-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-023-00188-3","pdf_url":"https://sfleducation.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40862-023-00188-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3034690390","display_name":"Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education","issn_l":"2363-5169","issn":["2363-5169"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://sfleducation.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40862-023-00188-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059257665","display_name":"Zahra Bakhtiari Moghadam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152146","display_name":"Islamic Azad University Kerman","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywz9252","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210152146"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahra Bakhtiari Moghadam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Foreign Languages, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Foreign Languages, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055692839","display_name":"Mehry Haddad Narafshan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2598-5291","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2598-5291","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9399-4750"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152146","display_name":"Islamic Azad University Kerman","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywz9252","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210152146"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehry Haddad Narafshan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Foreign Languages, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Foreign Languages, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152146"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074204374","display_name":"Massoud Tajadini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5007-2289","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5007-2289"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152146","display_name":"Islamic Azad University Kerman","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywz9252","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210152146"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massoud Tajadini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Foreign Languages, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Foreign Languages, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152146"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055692839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152146"],"apc_list":{"value":1290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1290},"apc_paid":{"value":1290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1290},"fwci":36.15,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99828993,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11715","display_name":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","score":0.8359000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11715","display_name":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","score":0.8359000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.15860000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-as-a-foreign-language","display_name":"English as a foreign language","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-comprehension","display_name":"reading comprehension","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classroom-climate","display_name":"classroom climate","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-attitudes","display_name":"student attitudes","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bloom-s-taxonomy","display_name":"Bloom's taxonomy","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermediate-learners","display_name":"intermediate learners","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum-development","display_name":"curriculum development","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iranian-efl-learners","display_name":"Iranian EFL learners","score":0.5590000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533356498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843894","display_name":"Critical thinking","level":2,"score":0.753218412399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.6514715552330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778780117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269423","display_name":"Reading comprehension","level":3,"score":0.6201014518737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5596969127655029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4829265773296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.46615704894065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778782433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186755","display_name":"Critical reading","level":3,"score":0.45646917819976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4458827078342438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.4261021316051483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.39174607396125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17324000597000122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12179547548294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08978044986724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40862-023-00188-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-023-00188-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-023-00188-3","pdf_url":"https://sfleducation.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40862-023-00188-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3034690390","display_name":"Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education","issn_l":"2363-5169","issn":["2363-5169"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c69d99410bdc4d9b80e6b43895339638","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c69d99410bdc4d9b80e6b43895339638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40862-023-00188-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-023-00188-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-023-00188-3","pdf_url":"https://sfleducation.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40862-023-00188-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3034690390","display_name":"Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education","issn_l":"2363-5169","issn":["2363-5169"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9901999831199646,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4375850855.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4375850855.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W716772","https://openalex.org/W581984518","https://openalex.org/W1523651822","https://openalex.org/W1545958036","https://openalex.org/W1574393743","https://openalex.org/W1580749063","https://openalex.org/W1583340813","https://openalex.org/W1589780619","https://openalex.org/W1705548635","https://openalex.org/W1969884619","https://openalex.org/W1984717236","https://openalex.org/W1990073097","https://openalex.org/W2042256867","https://openalex.org/W2054391580","https://openalex.org/W2057455447","https://openalex.org/W2082804977","https://openalex.org/W2116817443","https://openalex.org/W2117764466","https://openalex.org/W2146599341","https://openalex.org/W2148032918","https://openalex.org/W2184235993","https://openalex.org/W2287905939","https://openalex.org/W2388316628","https://openalex.org/W2406751096","https://openalex.org/W2410990413","https://openalex.org/W2417585919","https://openalex.org/W2467623734","https://openalex.org/W2508292887","https://openalex.org/W2534142805","https://openalex.org/W2535701731","https://openalex.org/W2599339618","https://openalex.org/W2602310301","https://openalex.org/W2606369616","https://openalex.org/W2732941072","https://openalex.org/W2754130386","https://openalex.org/W2756001114","https://openalex.org/W2793866153","https://openalex.org/W2800218125","https://openalex.org/W2802009372","https://openalex.org/W2804708610","https://openalex.org/W2889928801","https://openalex.org/W2891706487","https://openalex.org/W2907818351","https://openalex.org/W2913345599","https://openalex.org/W2987020115","https://openalex.org/W2998774643","https://openalex.org/W2998804914","https://openalex.org/W3002899906","https://openalex.org/W3033124802","https://openalex.org/W3036378665","https://openalex.org/W3045215944","https://openalex.org/W3048739470","https://openalex.org/W3093356616","https://openalex.org/W3121678706","https://openalex.org/W3127266641","https://openalex.org/W3170893106","https://openalex.org/W3186333250","https://openalex.org/W3188916255","https://openalex.org/W3198215514","https://openalex.org/W3217611625","https://openalex.org/W4283459928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7081945465","https://openalex.org/W3198215514","https://openalex.org/W2156687083","https://openalex.org/W2525899118","https://openalex.org/W2724270126","https://openalex.org/W3122708009","https://openalex.org/W2051168843","https://openalex.org/W2736149855","https://openalex.org/W2914512227","https://openalex.org/W2908507473"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Entering":[1],"the":[2,8,39,53,72,99,104,128,133,138,160,179,187,189,195,211,227,240,248,252,256,261,267,277],"age":[3],"of":[4,55,95,110,164,242,247,255,266,270],"globalization":[5],"and":[6,19,28,33,58,84,114,125,148,178,203,223,232,235,258,279],"multi-cultures,":[7],"education":[9],"system":[10],"has":[11],"become":[12,264],"more":[13],"accountable":[14],"to":[15,43,98,121,137,219,238,251,260,263],"provide":[16],"a":[17,45,64,91,108],"positive":[18,192,253],"productive":[20],"learning":[21],"atmosphere":[22,254],"in":[23,87,143,194,230,273],"which":[24],"both":[25],"life":[26],"skills":[27,30],"academic":[29,281],"are":[31],"taught":[32],"trained.":[34],"Following":[35],"this":[36],"welcoming":[37],"trend,":[38],"present":[40],"study":[41,70],"sought":[42],"integrate":[44],"proposed":[46],"critical":[47,77,139,156,199,212,243,271],"thinking-based":[48],"intervention":[49,214],"program":[50,141],"(3Es)":[51],"on":[52,75],"ground":[54],"Bloom\u2019s":[56],"original":[57],"revised":[59],"Taxonomy":[60],"(1956,":[61],"2001)":[62],"into":[63],"BA":[65],"English":[66,89],"reading":[67,85,182,201],"course.":[68],"This":[69],"examined":[71],"treatment\u2019s":[73],"effect":[74],"learners\u2019":[76,204],"thinking,":[78,200],"attitudes":[79,205,275],"toward":[80,206,276],"L2":[81],"classroom":[82,207,278],"climate,":[83],"comprehension":[86,183],"an":[88],"as":[90,226,245],"foreign":[92],"language":[93],"context":[94],"Iran.":[96],"According":[97],"placement":[100],"test":[101],"results,":[102],"excluding":[103],"upper-intermediate":[105],"ones":[106],"left":[107],"sample":[109],"40":[111],"(29":[112],"females":[113],"11":[115],"males)":[116],"intermediate":[117],"participants":[118],"being":[119],"assigned":[120],"two":[122],"groups:":[123],"control":[124],"experimental.":[126],"While":[127],"former":[129],"received":[130],"conventional":[131],"instruction,":[132],"latter":[134],"was":[135],"exposed":[136],"thinking":[140,157,213,244,272],"presented":[142],"three":[144],"stages:":[145],"exposure,":[146],"exploration,":[147],"evaluation.":[149],"The":[150,170],"data":[151],"were":[152],"derived":[153],"from":[154],"Honey's":[155],"questionnaire":[158],"(2004),":[159],"L2-contextualized":[161],"adapted":[162],"version":[163],"WIHIC":[165],"(What":[166],"Is":[167],"Happening":[168],"In":[169],"Class)":[171],"designed":[172],"by":[173],"Fraser":[174],"et":[175],"al.":[176],"(1986),":[177],"British":[180],"Council":[181],"tests.":[184],"After":[185],"analyzing":[186],"data,":[188],"results":[190],"demonstrated":[191],"changes":[193],"experimental":[196],"group":[197],"participants\u2019":[198],"comprehension,":[202],"climate":[208],"after":[209],"implementing":[210],"program.":[215],"Our":[216],"findings":[217],"contribute":[218],"firstly":[220],"EFL":[221],"practitioners":[222],"curriculum":[224],"designers,":[225],"main":[228],"authorities":[229],"revising":[231],"developing":[233],"curricula":[234],"educational":[236],"facilities":[237],"include":[239],"skill":[241],"one":[246],"major":[249],"contributors":[250],"class,":[257],"next":[259],"teachers":[262],"cognizant":[265],"influential":[268],"role":[269],"students\u2019":[274],"their":[280],"development.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2023-05-10T00:00:00"}