{"id":"https://openalex.org/W43756848","doi":null,"title":"Building School Cultures in Achieving Urban Elementary Schools: The Leadership Behaviors of Principals.","display_name":"Building School Cultures in Achieving Urban Elementary Schools: The Leadership Behaviors of Principals.","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W43756848","mag":"43756848"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:43756848","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED321371.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080334977","display_name":"Barbara Nelson Pavan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Nelson Pavan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110053732","display_name":"Nancy Andrade Reid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy Andrade Reid","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01417457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13884","display_name":"Educational Leadership and Practices","score":0.8173999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13884","display_name":"Educational Leadership and Practices","score":0.8173999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12952","display_name":"School Leadership and Teacher Performance","score":0.1428000032901764,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14483","display_name":"Education and Teacher Training","score":0.019999999552965164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-culture","display_name":"school culture","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instructional-leadership","display_name":"instructional leadership","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principals","display_name":"principals","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-elementary-schools","display_name":"urban elementary schools","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-improvement","display_name":"school improvement","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-expectations","display_name":"high expectations","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-community","display_name":"school community","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaboration","display_name":"collaboration","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-preparation","display_name":"principal training","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-district-of-philadelphia","display_name":"School District of Philadelphia","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-perceptions-of-principals","display_name":"teacher perceptions of principals","score":0.35600000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5387595295906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4955230951309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.46640291810035706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.46405163407325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111366508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5341291","display_name":"Educational leadership","level":2,"score":0.4567521810531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44257110357284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339345","display_name":"Instructional leadership","level":3,"score":0.42478129267692566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3340719938278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2966873049736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.19788262248039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:43756848","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED321371.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536993829","https://openalex.org/W1970152625","https://openalex.org/W2042894795","https://openalex.org/W2066470677","https://openalex.org/W2091176439","https://openalex.org/W2233497673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100511545","https://openalex.org/W7220037588","https://openalex.org/W1967095978","https://openalex.org/W140877005","https://openalex.org/W1542906072","https://openalex.org/W6942447703","https://openalex.org/W1567307771","https://openalex.org/W2186894246","https://openalex.org/W4412365465","https://openalex.org/W7046853623"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identification":[0],"of":[1,15,21,116,153,200,203,210,218,255,262,292],"principals'":[2,134],"instructional":[3],"leadership":[4],"behaviors":[5,94,107,166],"and":[6,53,68,104,113,142,159,161,182,190,205,312],"the":[7,13,19,29,46,74,133,151,187,198,215,219,231,240,289,293,327],"time":[8,110],"they":[9],"spend":[10],"involved":[11],"in":[12,31,73,83,247],"process":[14,118],"school":[16,35,85,128,176],"improvement":[17,86,313],"is":[18,27],"purpose":[20],"this":[22],"study.":[23],"A":[24],"second":[25],"focus":[26,194],"on":[28,197],"ways":[30],"which":[32],"principals":[33,57,67,148,185],"build":[34],"cultures.":[36],"The":[37,63,192,252],"Principals":[38,88,256],"Instructional":[39],"Management":[40],"Rating":[41],"Scale":[42],"(PIMRS)":[43],"(Ballinger":[44],"1983),":[45],"National":[47],"Task-Time":[48],"Survey":[49],"(NTTS)":[50],"(Howell,":[51],"1980),":[52],"semistructured":[54],"interviews":[55],"with":[56,165,186,207],"were":[58,95],"used":[59],"to":[60,97,124,132,168,178,338],"collect":[61],"data.":[62],"sample":[64],"included":[65],"all":[66],"151":[69],"teachers":[70],"(97":[71],"percent)":[72],"five":[75],"most":[76,92,147],"effective":[77],"Chapter":[78],"I":[79],"elementary":[80],"schools":[81],"participating":[82],"a":[84,126,201],"program.":[87],"indicated":[89],"that":[90,146,233],"their":[91,157],"frequent":[93],"related":[96,167],"academic":[98,180],"concerns,":[99],"followed":[100],"by":[101,106,228],"interactive":[102],"behaviors,":[103],"then":[105],"requiring":[108],"intensive":[109],"commitment.":[111],"Purkey":[112],"Smith's":[114],"model":[115],"four":[117],"variables,":[119],"or":[120,329,345,359],"culture":[121,129,211],"concepts,":[122],"necessary":[123,188],"sustain":[125],"productive":[127],"are":[130,230],"applied":[131],"reported":[135],"behaviors.":[136],"They":[137],"include":[138],"collaboration,":[139,206],"community,":[140],"expectations,":[141],"order.":[143,170],"Findings":[144],"indicate":[145],"have":[149,335],"internalized":[150],"norm":[152],"high":[154],"expectations":[155],"for":[156,173,183],"students":[158],"teachers,":[160],"wer":[162],"least":[163],"concerned":[164],"maintaining":[169],"Recommendations":[171],"call":[172],"building":[174],"positive":[175],"cultures":[177],"promote":[179],"success,":[181],"providing":[184],"knowledge":[189],"training.":[191],"primary":[193],"should":[195],"be":[196,235],"development":[199],"sense":[202],"community":[204],"an":[208],"understanding":[209],"concepts.":[212],"Tables":[213],"present":[214],"statistical":[216],"results":[217],"three":[220],"methodologies.":[221],"(21":[222],"references)":[223],"(LMI)":[224],"*":[225,237,238,243],"Reproductions":[226],"supplied":[227],"EDRS":[229],"best":[232],"can":[234],"made":[236,337],"from":[239,326],"original":[241],"document.":[242],"Building":[244],"School":[245,281],"Cultures":[246],"Achieving":[248],"Urban":[249],"Elementary":[250],"Schools:":[251],"Leadership":[253],"Behaviors":[254],"Dr.":[257,273],"Bart-ara":[258],"Nelson":[259],"Pavan":[260],"Professor":[261],"Educational":[263,295],"Administration":[264],"Temple":[265],"University":[266],"003-00":[267],"Philadelphia,":[268,283],"PA":[269,284],"19122":[270],"(215)":[271],"787-6167":[272],"Nancy":[274],"Andrade":[275],"Reid":[276],"District":[277,282],"4":[278],"Superintendent":[279],"Philadelphia":[280],"19132":[285],"Paper":[286],"Presented":[287],"at":[288],"Annual":[290],"Meeting":[291],"American":[294],"Research":[296,311],"Association":[297],"Boston,":[298],"Massachusetts":[299],"April":[300],"1990":[301],"U":[302],"$":[303],"DEPARTMENT":[304],"OF":[305],"EDUCATION":[306],"Office":[307],"o":[308],"Educe":[309],"tonal":[310],"EDUCATIONAL":[314,375],"RESOURCES":[315,376],"INFORMATION":[316,377],"CENTER":[317,378],"(ERIC)":[318],"KTIfis":[319],"document":[320],"has":[321],"been":[322,336],"reproduced":[323],"as":[324],"received":[325],"person":[328],"organizatiOn":[330],"originating":[331],"it":[332],"Minor":[333],"change!":[334],"improve":[339],"reproduction":[340],"quality":[341],"Points":[342],"Of":[343],"view":[344],"opinions":[346],"stated":[347],".n":[348],":his":[349],"doCu":[350],"mint":[351],"do":[352],"not":[353],"necessarily":[354],"reprer":[355],"41":[356],"OEM":[357],"position":[358],"policy":[360],"PERMISSION":[361],"TO":[362,373],"HLPRODUCE":[363],"THIS":[364],"MATERIAL":[365],"HOC.)":[366],"S":[367],"BEEN":[368],"GRANTED":[369],"BY":[370],"9":[371],"42-1--ZZZLeaLL":[372],"THE":[374],"(ERIC).'":[379],"2":[380],"BEST":[381],"COPY":[382],"AVAILABLE":[383]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
