{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4368408237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105468","title":"Statistical information about reward timing is insufficient for promoting optimal persistence decisions","display_name":"Statistical information about reward timing is insufficient for promoting optimal persistence decisions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4368408237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105468","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37148639","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11627251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88198767","display_name":"Cognition","issn_l":"0010-0277","issn":["0010-0277","1873-7838"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105468","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071966935","display_name":"Karolina Maria Lempert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-5568","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-5568"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karolina M. Lempert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lena Schaefer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lena Schaefer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091368693","display_name":"Darby Breslow","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darby Breslow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Thomas D. Peterson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas D. Peterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004871576","display_name":"Joseph W. Kable","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6495-9040","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6495-9040"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph W. Kable","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000428357","display_name":"Joseph T. McGuire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-0809","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-0809"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joseph T. McGuire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America. Electronic address: jtmcg@bu.edu","Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America. Electronic address: jtmcg@bu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000428357"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"fwci":0.6248,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63146067,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"237","issue":null,"first_page":"105468","last_page":"105468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.02250000089406967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward-timing","display_name":"reward timing","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-rewards","display_name":"delayed rewards","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-tailed-distributions","display_name":"heavy-tailed distributions","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedback-driven-learning","display_name":"feedback-driven learning","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-reasoning","display_name":"probabilistic reasoning","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opportunity-cost","display_name":"opportunity cost","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quitting-decisions","display_name":"quitting decisions","score":0.6790000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6608889102935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6510580778121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.6008366942405701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5645502805709839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5320732593536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5104345679283142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4534067213535309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.45061057806015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.29507219791412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.276029109954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15953493118286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12283328175544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012201","descriptor_name":"Reward","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035501","descriptor_name":"Uncertainty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88198767","display_name":"Cognition","issn_l":"0010-0277","issn":["0010-0277","1873-7838"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/3yezf","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/3yezf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/3yezf","pdf_url":"https://psyarxiv.com/3yezf/download","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:37148639","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37148639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognition","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11627251","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11627251","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11627251/pdf/nihms-1900373.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cognition","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:1a0eef70-15ec-4f1e-965e-a8bdc91a7880","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/3yezf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E00D3-64B-7F2","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.31234/OSF.IO/3YEZF","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88198767","display_name":"Cognition","issn_l":"0010-0277","issn":["0010-0277","1873-7838"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1283417981","display_name":"Temporal dynamics and neural mechanisms of preference reversal","funder_award_id":"F32DA030870","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8194684018","display_name":"Neural mechanisms underlying changes in preference","funder_award_id":"R01DA029149","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8829917080","display_name":"Modeling Dimensions of Individual Variation in Adaptive Foraging Decisions","funder_award_id":"R21MH124095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967708673","https://openalex.org/W1979300931","https://openalex.org/W1983543827","https://openalex.org/W1990247995","https://openalex.org/W2004448303","https://openalex.org/W2006397401","https://openalex.org/W2010006624","https://openalex.org/W2019553634","https://openalex.org/W2027916800","https://openalex.org/W2028285394","https://openalex.org/W2028767931","https://openalex.org/W2077018932","https://openalex.org/W2082508182","https://openalex.org/W2117144983","https://openalex.org/W2118814351","https://openalex.org/W2120492617","https://openalex.org/W2121403596","https://openalex.org/W2125735154","https://openalex.org/W2126953888","https://openalex.org/W2147231083","https://openalex.org/W2153509475","https://openalex.org/W2154070824","https://openalex.org/W2161418887","https://openalex.org/W2342281051","https://openalex.org/W2345611643","https://openalex.org/W2389372669","https://openalex.org/W2474753114","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2590354750","https://openalex.org/W2613149090","https://openalex.org/W2768168413","https://openalex.org/W2883286521","https://openalex.org/W2897853362","https://openalex.org/W2923742357","https://openalex.org/W3012058026","https://openalex.org/W3091779368","https://openalex.org/W3129125412","https://openalex.org/W3132038847","https://openalex.org/W3165590826","https://openalex.org/W4200617869","https://openalex.org/W4293241248","https://openalex.org/W4294214781","https://openalex.org/W6629921341","https://openalex.org/W6760590573"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2588821007","https://openalex.org/W2578805098","https://openalex.org/W4400778019","https://openalex.org/W2153509475","https://openalex.org/W3198958095","https://openalex.org/W4366465816","https://openalex.org/W2028280423","https://openalex.org/W4392608046","https://openalex.org/W7166505066","https://openalex.org/W7097425065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0,30],"deciding":[1],"how":[2,94,173],"long":[3,77,174],"to":[4,74,86,175,234],"keep":[5],"waiting":[6,37,46,56,236],"for":[7,27,80,158,177,223,237],"delayed":[8,178,238],"rewards":[9,179,239],"that":[10,101,112,122,130,139,148],"will":[11],"arrive":[12],"at":[13,44],"an":[14,133],"uncertain":[15],"time,":[16],"different":[17,24],"distributions":[18,33,64],"of":[19,55,108,124,151,167],"possible":[20],"reward":[21,31,62,114,153,189],"times":[22],"dictate":[23],"optimal":[25,88,161],"strategies":[26],"maximizing":[28],"reward.":[29,82],"timing":[32,63,68,115,154,190],"are":[34],"heavy-tailed":[35],"(e.g.,":[36,69],"on":[38,143,242,247],"hold)":[39],"there":[40],"is":[41,47,57,72,91,100,129,156],"a":[42,104,119,137,165,228],"point":[43],"which":[45,170],"no":[48],"longer":[49],"advantageous":[50,73],"because":[51],"the":[52,81,109,125,152,160,188,196,221],"opportunity":[53],"cost":[54],"too":[58],"high.":[59],"Alternatively,":[60],"when":[61,233],"have":[65],"more":[66,141],"predictable":[67],"uniform),":[70],"it":[71,217],"wait":[75],"as":[76,78],"necessary":[79],"Although":[83],"people":[84,102],"learn":[85,103,132],"approximate":[87],"strategies,":[89],"little":[90],"known":[92],"about":[93,187],"this":[95],"learning":[96,226,232],"occurs.":[97],"One":[98],"possibility":[99,128],"general":[105,149],"cognitive":[106],"representation":[107],"probability":[110],"distribution":[111,155,191],"governs":[113],"and":[116,209,215],"then":[117],"infer":[118],"strategy":[120],"from":[121],"model":[123],"environment.":[126],"Another":[127],"they":[131],"action":[134],"policy":[135],"in":[136,164,169,192,227],"way":[138],"depends":[140],"narrowly":[142],"direct":[144],"task":[145],"experience,":[146,244],"such":[147],"knowledge":[150],"insufficient":[157],"expressing":[159],"strategy.":[162],"Here,":[163],"series":[166],"studies":[168],"participants":[171,184],"decided":[172],"persist":[176],"before":[180],"quitting,":[181],"we":[182],"provided":[183,199],"with":[185],"information":[186,197],"several":[193],"ways.":[194],"Whether":[195],"was":[198],"through":[200],"counterfactual":[201],"feedback":[202],"(Study":[203],"1),":[204],"previous":[205],"exposure":[206],"(Studies":[207,213],"2a":[208],"2b),":[210],"or":[211],"description":[212],"3a":[214],"3b),":[216],"did":[218],"not":[219,245],"obviate":[220],"need":[222],"direct,":[224],"feedback-driven":[225],"decision":[229],"context.":[230],"Therefore,":[231],"quit":[235],"might":[240],"depend":[241],"task-specific":[243],"solely":[246],"probabilistic":[248],"reasoning.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-05-05T00:00:00"}