{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4368405405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v54i1.3646","title":"Does board gender diversity improve environmental, social and governance disclosure? Evidence from South Africa","display_name":"Does board gender diversity improve environmental, social and governance disclosure? Evidence from South Africa","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4368405405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v54i1.3646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4102/sajbm.v54i1.3646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v54i1.3646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v54i1.3646","pdf_url":"https://sajbm.org/index.php/sajbm/article/download/3646/2465","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215964","display_name":"South African Journal of Business Management","issn_l":"2078-5585","issn":["2078-5585","2078-5976"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core","dhet","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315322","host_organization_name":"AOSIS","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AOSIS"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Business Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://sajbm.org/index.php/sajbm/article/download/3646/2465","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050194321","display_name":"Francois Toerien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6051-1094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6051-1094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francois Toerien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Finance and Tax, Faculty of Commerce, University of Cape Town, Cape Town"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6051-1094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Finance and Tax, Faculty of Commerce, University of Cape Town, Cape Town","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008748611","display_name":"Chanel Breedt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-552X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-552X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chanel Breedt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Finance and Tax, Faculty of Commerce, University of Cape Town, Cape Town"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-552X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Finance and Tax, Faculty of Commerce, University of Cape Town, Cape Town","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061166103","display_name":"Phillip G. De Jager","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2431-7729","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2431-7729"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phillip G. De Jager","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Finance and Tax, Faculty of Commerce, University of Cape Town, Cape Town"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2431-7729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Finance and Tax, Faculty of Commerce, University of Cape Town, Cape Town","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"],"apc_list":{"value":11968,"currency":"ZAR","value_usd":650},"apc_paid":{"value":11968,"currency":"ZAR","value_usd":650},"fwci":13.8415,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99121299,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.7172999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.7172999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.27469998598098755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11432","display_name":"Gender Politics and Representation","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/board-gender-diversity","display_name":"board gender diversity","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esg-disclosure","display_name":"ESG disclosure","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"corporate governance","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-directors","display_name":"female directors","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-mass-theory","display_name":"critical mass theory","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/johannesburg-stock-exchange","display_name":"Johannesburg Stock Exchange","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-african-listed-companies","display_name":"South African listed companies","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-markets","display_name":"emerging markets","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-representation","display_name":"gender representation","score":0.3140000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778397978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501335","display_name":"Gender diversity","level":3,"score":0.8539543151855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.7889851331710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.782843291759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5314295291900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5098830461502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121087249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546395","display_name":"Emerging markets","level":2,"score":0.5081229209899902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4812564551830292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.4696919918060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.45896032452583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4533516764640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44156506657600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200870193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11691","display_name":"Stock exchange","level":2,"score":0.43599933385849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2700777053833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2569275498390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1695515513420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.14007413387298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.12779760360717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1106971800327301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0908460021018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4102/sajbm.v54i1.3646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v54i1.3646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v54i1.3646","pdf_url":"https://sajbm.org/index.php/sajbm/article/download/3646/2465","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215964","display_name":"South African Journal of Business Management","issn_l":"2078-5585","issn":["2078-5585","2078-5976"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core","dhet","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315322","host_organization_name":"AOSIS","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AOSIS"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Business Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:926f3ca095b044148cb55118500c7fb8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/926f3ca095b044148cb55118500c7fb8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Business Management, Vol 54, Iss 1, Pp e1-e11 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4102/sajbm.v54i1.3646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v54i1.3646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v54i1.3646","pdf_url":"https://sajbm.org/index.php/sajbm/article/download/3646/2465","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215964","display_name":"South African Journal of Business Management","issn_l":"2078-5585","issn":["2078-5585","2078-5976"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core","dhet","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315322","host_organization_name":"AOSIS","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AOSIS"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Business Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7390999794006348},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.7307999730110168}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.7099999785423279}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4368405405.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4368405405.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505575389","https://openalex.org/W1787528351","https://openalex.org/W1966315443","https://openalex.org/W1967210944","https://openalex.org/W1970500666","https://openalex.org/W1980490437","https://openalex.org/W1984869141","https://openalex.org/W2015289231","https://openalex.org/W2019384042","https://openalex.org/W2036254781","https://openalex.org/W2042660114","https://openalex.org/W2044148486","https://openalex.org/W2057897933","https://openalex.org/W2059678265","https://openalex.org/W2069363128","https://openalex.org/W2070970562","https://openalex.org/W2081024747","https://openalex.org/W2084237045","https://openalex.org/W2094267012","https://openalex.org/W2109778828","https://openalex.org/W2126980101","https://openalex.org/W2127162607","https://openalex.org/W2143163471","https://openalex.org/W2165556812","https://openalex.org/W2304709881","https://openalex.org/W2307413927","https://openalex.org/W2320369865","https://openalex.org/W2333049154","https://openalex.org/W2593151889","https://openalex.org/W2741574316","https://openalex.org/W2752617332","https://openalex.org/W2755763803","https://openalex.org/W2757740984","https://openalex.org/W2782069613","https://openalex.org/W2794908977","https://openalex.org/W2796298924","https://openalex.org/W2886913167","https://openalex.org/W2911614616","https://openalex.org/W2982662624","https://openalex.org/W2989900100","https://openalex.org/W3042453589","https://openalex.org/W3043972084","https://openalex.org/W3045617213","https://openalex.org/W3081282514","https://openalex.org/W3096597240","https://openalex.org/W3097058574","https://openalex.org/W3097271298","https://openalex.org/W3121722724","https://openalex.org/W3122136916","https://openalex.org/W3122263386","https://openalex.org/W3123323948","https://openalex.org/W3128871793","https://openalex.org/W3130438241","https://openalex.org/W3171764041","https://openalex.org/W3183012697","https://openalex.org/W4254931427","https://openalex.org/W4282831692","https://openalex.org/W4297227144"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7215018311","https://openalex.org/W4409439355","https://openalex.org/W4415696610","https://openalex.org/W4385973640","https://openalex.org/W4385462932","https://openalex.org/W4297834268","https://openalex.org/W4408672349","https://openalex.org/W4414374728","https://openalex.org/W4405853283","https://openalex.org/W2982662624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose:":[0],"This":[1,102,198],"study":[2,199],"examines":[3],"the":[4,21,43,57,155,186,195,202],"relationship":[5],"between":[6,92,108,122],"board":[7,84,94,123,176,206,232],"gender":[8,53,124,207,231],"diversity":[9,125,208],"and":[10,13,68,96,100,110,126,178,205,225,234,243],"environmental,":[11],"social":[12],"governance":[14,224],"(ESG)":[15],"disclosure":[16,73,128,180,226,237],"of":[17,35,59,142,218,240],"companies":[18,37],"listed":[19,41],"on":[20,42,61,161],"Johannesburg":[22],"Stock":[23],"Exchange":[24],"(JSE).Design/methodology/approach:":[25],"Panel":[26],"regressions":[27],"were":[28],"used":[29],"to":[30,50,168,201],"analyse":[31],"an":[32,215,219],"unbalanced":[33],"sample":[34],"92":[36],"(725":[38],"company":[39,109],"years)":[40],"JSE":[44],"All":[45],"Share":[46],"Index":[47],"during":[48],"2011":[49],"2021.":[51],"Board":[52],"diversity,":[54],"measured":[55],"as":[56,116],"percentage":[58],"women":[60],"a":[62,81],"board,":[63],"was":[64,78],"regressed":[65],"against":[66],"aggregate":[67,98],"individual":[69],"component":[70],"Bloomberg":[71],"ESG":[72,99,127,171,179,204,236],"scores.":[74],"\u2018Critical":[75],"mass":[76,144],"theory\u2019":[77],"tested":[79],"using":[80],"30%+":[82],"female":[83,93,159,175],"representation":[85,95,160,177,233],"dummy":[86],"variable.Findings/results:":[87],"Positive":[88],"correlation":[89,120],"is":[90,138,166],"found":[91,139],"both":[97,174],"S-disclosure.":[101],"likely":[103,191],"results":[104],"from":[105],"unexplained":[106],"differences":[107],"overall":[111],"economy":[112,221],"level":[113],"time":[114,118],"effects,":[115],"no":[117],"series":[119],"remains":[121],"scores":[129,181],"once":[130],"these":[131],"effects":[132],"are":[133,238],"controlled":[134,192],"for.":[135],"Little":[136],"evidence":[137],"in":[140,212],"support":[141,153],"critical":[143],"theory.Practical":[145],"implications:":[146],"The":[147],"results,":[148],"although":[149],"not":[150],"conclusive,":[151],"provide":[152],"for":[154,193],"argument":[156],"that":[157],"greater":[158],"South":[162,213],"African":[163],"corporate":[164],"boards":[165],"desirable":[167],"attain":[169],"higher":[170],"disclosure.":[172],"However,":[173],"may":[182],"be":[183],"driven":[184],"by":[185,194],"same":[187],"non-modelled":[188],"underlying":[189],"process,":[190],"fixed":[196],"effects.Originality/value:":[197],"adds":[200],"growing":[203],"research":[209],"\u2013":[210],"specifically":[211],"Africa,":[214],"interesting":[216],"case":[217],"emerging":[220],"with":[222],"well-developed":[223],"frameworks,":[227],"where":[228],"more":[229],"equitable":[230],"increasing":[235],"topics":[239],"great":[241],"practical":[242],"academic":[244],"importance.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2023-05-05T00:00:00"}