{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4368405371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01705-y","title":"Profiling low-proficiency science students in the Philippines using machine learning","display_name":"Profiling low-proficiency science students in the Philippines using machine learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4368405371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01705-y","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37192949","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10154750"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1057/s41599-023-01705-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01705-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01705-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-023-01705-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206302","display_name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications","issn_l":"2055-1045","issn":["2055-1045","2662-9992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319702","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319702","https://openalex.org/P4310319964"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Macmillan Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-023-01705-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029153712","display_name":"Allan B. I. Bernardo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3938-266X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3938-266X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5996616","display_name":"De La Salle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xftk194","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258692","https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Allan B. I. Bernardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3938-266X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037332788","display_name":"Macario O. Cordel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7270-9236","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7270-9236"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5996616","display_name":"De La Salle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xftk194","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258692","https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Macario O. Cordel","raw_affiliation_strings":["De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005102992","display_name":"Marissa Ortiz Calleja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5918-819X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5918-819X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5996616","display_name":"De La Salle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xftk194","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258692","https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marissa Ortiz Calleja","raw_affiliation_strings":["De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062335748","display_name":"Jude Michael M. Teves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7173-5341","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7173-5341"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5996616","display_name":"De La Salle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xftk194","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258692","https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jude Michael M. Teves","raw_affiliation_strings":["De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079849324","display_name":"Sashmir A. Yap","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5996616","display_name":"De La Salle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xftk194","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258692","https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sashmir A. Yap","raw_affiliation_strings":["De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043511806","display_name":"Unisse C. Chua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7467-214X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7467-214X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5996616","display_name":"De La Salle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xftk194","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258692","https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Unisse C. Chua","raw_affiliation_strings":["De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029153712"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"],"apc_list":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"apc_paid":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"fwci":40.6088,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99863138,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"192","last_page":"192"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.3662000000476837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.3662000000476837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.2152000069618225,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.1054999977350235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-literacy","display_name":"scientific literacy","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pisa-2018","display_name":"PISA 2018","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shap","display_name":"SHAP","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metacognitive-awareness","display_name":"metacognitive awareness","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-strategies","display_name":"reading strategies","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-characteristics","display_name":"parental characteristics","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/home-factors","display_name":"home factors","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ict-access","display_name":"ICT access","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-education-reform","display_name":"science education reform","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filipino-students","display_name":"Filipino students","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philippines","display_name":"Philippines","score":0.49399998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5819229483604431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779728303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3071551","display_name":"Pride","level":2,"score":0.5595810413360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.5493745803833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44877443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2485457","display_name":"Science education","level":2,"score":0.4888884127140045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4813540577888489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.47965648770332336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77379859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2064596","display_name":"Scientific literacy","level":3,"score":0.473604679107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.43059974908828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.2831396460533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24449071288108826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16864252090454102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1057/s41599-023-01705-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01705-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01705-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-023-01705-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206302","display_name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications","issn_l":"2055-1045","issn":["2055-1045","2662-9992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319702","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319702","https://openalex.org/P4310319964"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Macmillan Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10154750","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10154750","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10154750/pdf/41599_2023_Article_1705.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Humanit Soc Sci Commun","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37192949","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37192949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Humanities & social sciences communications","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pal:palcom:v:10:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1057_s41599-023-01705-y","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1057/s41599-023-01705-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8c9d5edbfa23489b91368f4aee9f03b3","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8c9d5edbfa23489b91368f4aee9f03b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/8kxvy-8qr93","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/8kxvy-8qr93","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/8kxvy-8qr93","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/zbq14-kgy29","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/zbq14-kgy29","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/zbq14-kgy29","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1057/s41599-023-01705-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01705-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01705-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-023-01705-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206302","display_name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications","issn_l":"2055-1045","issn":["2055-1045","2662-9992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319702","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319702","https://openalex.org/P4310319964"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Macmillan Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.975600004196167,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313925","display_name":"De La Salle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xftk194"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4368405371.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4368405371.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588375306","https://openalex.org/W1591261915","https://openalex.org/W1971605388","https://openalex.org/W1982747462","https://openalex.org/W1984022160","https://openalex.org/W1987767320","https://openalex.org/W1992482547","https://openalex.org/W1996345040","https://openalex.org/W2002812983","https://openalex.org/W2020959269","https://openalex.org/W2032701101","https://openalex.org/W2037878469","https://openalex.org/W2040836113","https://openalex.org/W2067820694","https://openalex.org/W2070368124","https://openalex.org/W2076273049","https://openalex.org/W2083300526","https://openalex.org/W2086177209","https://openalex.org/W2093428652","https://openalex.org/W2140436025","https://openalex.org/W2141946069","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2183423994","https://openalex.org/W2284729062","https://openalex.org/W2323177228","https://openalex.org/W2342008486","https://openalex.org/W2397007049","https://openalex.org/W2509488909","https://openalex.org/W2527523475","https://openalex.org/W2573660989","https://openalex.org/W2583075346","https://openalex.org/W2593750922","https://openalex.org/W2738375014","https://openalex.org/W2751044420","https://openalex.org/W2770878648","https://openalex.org/W2802181165","https://openalex.org/W2803977972","https://openalex.org/W2805081746","https://openalex.org/W2805773401","https://openalex.org/W2925767563","https://openalex.org/W2933897566","https://openalex.org/W2951936974","https://openalex.org/W2957490261","https://openalex.org/W2968050017","https://openalex.org/W2971128324","https://openalex.org/W3009694997","https://openalex.org/W3015366980","https://openalex.org/W3025397248","https://openalex.org/W3034924000","https://openalex.org/W3036573284","https://openalex.org/W3107380528","https://openalex.org/W3124248476","https://openalex.org/W3161033285","https://openalex.org/W3163935305","https://openalex.org/W3191471512","https://openalex.org/W3200649615","https://openalex.org/W3200890115","https://openalex.org/W3206024511","https://openalex.org/W4205259230","https://openalex.org/W4205730448","https://openalex.org/W4210315303","https://openalex.org/W4210385273","https://openalex.org/W4225975103","https://openalex.org/W4230616807","https://openalex.org/W4249934813","https://openalex.org/W4280542959","https://openalex.org/W4285588542","https://openalex.org/W4293773434","https://openalex.org/W4402440368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3206024511","https://openalex.org/W4293773434","https://openalex.org/W2933897566","https://openalex.org/W4412829353","https://openalex.org/W7221310199","https://openalex.org/W4399800279","https://openalex.org/W4411953030","https://openalex.org/W4406808262","https://openalex.org/W7116854087","https://openalex.org/W4362661749"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Filipino":[0,23,60],"students'":[1],"performance":[2],"in":[3,18,81,91,94,123,140,189],"global":[4],"assessments":[5],"of":[6,135,162,168,185],"science":[7,26,82,92,127,186,200],"literacy":[8,27],"has":[9],"always":[10],"been":[11],"low,":[12],"and":[13,83,109,112,143,147,153,171,178,192,197],"this":[14,37],"was":[15,64,102],"confirmed":[16],"again":[17],"the":[19,49,58,72,95,106,125,163,166,175,183,190],"PISA":[20,46],"2018,":[21],"where":[22],"learners'":[24],"average":[25],"scores":[28],"ranked":[29],"second":[30],"to":[31,44,52,65,77,104,132,155],"last":[32],"among":[33],"78":[34],"countries.":[35],"In":[36],"study,":[38],"machine":[39],"learning":[40],"approaches":[41],"were":[42,120],"used":[43],"analyze":[45],"data":[47],"from":[48],"student":[50],"questionnaire":[51],"test":[53],"models":[54],"that":[55,68,84,119,181],"best":[56],"identify":[57,71],"poorest-performing":[59],"students.":[61,128],"The":[62,97,129,160],"goal":[63],"explore":[66],"factors":[67,164,173,180],"could":[69,85],"help":[70],"students":[73],"who":[74],"are":[75,182,203],"vulnerable":[76],"very":[78],"low":[79],"achievement":[80],"indicate":[86],"possible":[87],"targets":[88],"for":[89,195,199],"reform":[90,188,202],"education":[93,187,201],"Philippines.":[96],"random":[98],"forest":[99],"classifier":[100],"model":[101],"found":[103],"be":[105],"most":[107,121],"accurate":[108],"more":[110],"precise,":[111],"Shapley":[113],"Additive":[114],"Explanations":[115],"indicated":[116],"15":[117],"variables":[118,130],"important":[122],"identifying":[124],"low-proficiency":[126],"related":[131],"metacognitive":[133],"awareness":[134],"reading":[136],"strategies,":[137],"social":[138],"experiences":[139],"school,":[141],"aspirations":[142],"pride":[144],"about":[145],"achievements,":[146],"family/home":[148],"factors,":[149],"include":[150],"parents'":[151],"characteristics":[152],"access":[154],"ICT":[156],"with":[157],"internet":[158],"connections.":[159],"results":[161],"highlight":[165],"importance":[167],"considering":[169],"personal":[170],"contextual":[172],"beyond":[174],"typical":[176],"instructional":[177],"curricular":[179],"foci":[184],"Philippines,":[191],"some":[193],"implications":[194],"programs":[196],"policies":[198],"suggested.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2023-05-05T00:00:00"}
